\documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{authblk} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{setspace} \usepackage[skip=2pt]{caption} \usepackage{adjustbox} \usepackage{booktabs} \usepackage{adjustbox} \usepackage{graphics} \usepackage{dcolumn} \usepackage{float} \usepackage{placeins} \usepackage{tabularx} \usepackage{multirow} \usepackage{caption} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{siunitx} \usepackage[figuresright]{rotating} \usepackage{booktabs,caption} \usepackage[flushleft]{threeparttable} \usepackage{tabularray} \usepackage{xcolor} \usepackage{hyperref} \usepackage{xurl} \usepackage{bm} \hypersetup{colorlinks} \usepackage{xcolor} \usepackage{pdflscape} \usepackage{longtable} \usepackage{multirow} \usepackage{siunitx} \usepackage{booktabs} \usepackage{makecell} \usepackage{longtable} \usepackage[toc,page]{appendix} \usepackage{diagbox} \hypersetup{colorlinks=true, linkcolor=blue} \makeatletter \renewcommand\@makefnmark{\hbox{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\color{black}\@thefnmark}}} \makeatother \captionsetup[table]{skip=10pt} \usepackage{pdflscape} \usepackage{tikz} \usepackage{titling,lipsum} \usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric, arrows} \usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry} \usepackage{rotating,tabularx} \begin{document} \begin{titlingpage} \begin{center} \Large \textbf{Appendix} \vspace{1cm} \vspace{8cm} \vspace{0.2cm} \vspace{0.2cm} \newpage \end{center} \end{titlingpage} \subsection*{I. Figures} \begin{figure}[H] \centering \label{tab: appendixfig} \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{THC Histogram2_Youth.png} \caption*{Figure A.1 The THC Unit by Product Category$^1$ } \end{figure} \footnotetext[1]{In Figure A.1, for all categories, the average THC unit is 239, with standard deviation at 2,357.98; For legal consumption, the average THC unit is 245 (SD: 3,342.92); For illegal consumption, the avergae THC unit is 469.32 (SD: 2,140.07); For Edible, the average THC unit is 78.41 (SD: 287.10); For Concentrate, the average THC unit is 164.65 (SD: 2,514.06). In Figure A.2, for all categories, the average unit is 0.44, with standard deviation at 3.32; For legal consumption, the average unit is 0.37 (SD: 5.07); For illegal consumption, the average unit is 0.64 (SD: 2.74); For edible, the average THC unit is 0.52 (SD: 1.50); For Concentrate, the average THC unit is 0.22 (SD: 2.92)} \begin{figure}[H] \centering \label{tab: appendixfig} \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Unit Histogram_Youth.png} \caption*{Figure A.2 The Unit by Product Category$^1$} \end{figure} \subsection*{II. Tables} \begin{center} \begin{longtable}{lcccc} \caption*{\bf {Table A.1 Summary Statistics (Observation = 1,010)} } \\ \hline Variables & Percent/Mean (SD) \\ \hline \underline{\bf Sociodemographic Factors:} \\ Age & 17.68 (1.69) & \\ Gender & & \\ \, Female & 54.46\% & \\ \, Male & 45.25\% & \\ \, Do not Know & 0.30\% \\ Race / Ethnicity & \\ \, White, Non-Hispanic & 59.21\% & \\ \, Black, Non-Hispanic & 11.39\% & \\ \, Other, Non-Hispanic & 3.07\% & \\ \, Hispanic & 18.61\% & \\ \, 2+ Races, Non-Hispanic & 7.72\% & \\ Education & &\\ \, No High School or GED & 43.27\% \\ \, High School Graduate & 28.22\% \\ \, Some College & 25.45\% \\ \, Bachelor's Degree & 1.78\% \\ \, Master's Degree or Higher & 1.29\% \\ Household Income & &&&\\ \, Less than \$10,000 & 5.35\% \\ \, \$10,000 to \$24,999 & 6.34\% & \\ \, \$25,000 to \$49,999 & 12.57\% & \\ \, \$50,000 to \$74,999 & 13.56\% & \\ \, \$75,000 to \$99,999 & 15.54\% & \\ \, \$100,000 to \$149,999 & 21.39\% & \\ \, \$150,000 or more & 25.25\% & \\ \underline{\bf Cannabis Use:} \\ \, Current Users & 24.46\% \\ \, Former Users & 24.85\% \\ \, Susceptible Never Users & 50.69\% \\ \, Monthly Expenditure & 119.34 (86.76) \\ \hline \end{longtable} \end{center} \begin{center} \begin{longtable}{lcccc} \caption*{\bf {Table A.2 Other factors contributing to Cannabis Consumption, Estimated using ZINB, N=35,323} }\\ \hline \cline{2-5} \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(1)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(2)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(3)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(4)} \\ \hline VARIABLES & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Outcome=Unit} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Outcome=THC} \\ \hline {\underline{Within-Subject Effects:}} \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Product Constant (Base: Legal Flower)} \\ \, Illegal Flower & 0.50{***} & 0.60{***}& 0.45{***} & 0.52{***}\\ & (0.16) & (0.13) & (0.15) & (0.13) \\ \, Edible & 0.82{***}& 0.90{***}& -1.14{***}& -1.08{***}\\ & (0.13) & (0.11) & (0.11) & (0.10) \\ \, Cartridge & -0.43{**} & -0.49{***}& -0.55{***} & -0.63{***}\\ & (0.21) & (0.14) & (0.19) & (0.13) \\ {\underline{Between-Subject Effects:}} \\ Expenditures & 0.63{***} & 0.63{***} & 0.30{***}& 0.31{***} \\ & (0.07) & (0.07) & (0.07) & (0.06) \\ Age & 2.15{***} & 1.76{**} & 2.06{***}& 1.75{***} \\ & (0.83) & (0.80) & (0.66) & (0.63) \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Gender (Base: Male)} \\ \, Female & -0.04 & -0.05 & -0.09& -0.10{*} \\ & (0.09) & (0.08) & (0.07) & (0.06) \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Race and Ethnicity (Base: White, Non-Hispanic)} \\ \, Black, Non Hispanic & 0.04 & -0.07 & 0.20 & 0.16 \\ & (0.16) & (0.16) & (0.16) & (0.16) \\ \, Other, Non-Hispanic & -0.21 & -0.28 & -0.05 & -0.11 \\ & (0.22) & (0.26) & (0.11) & (0.10) \\ \, Hispanic & 0.22 & 0.06 & 0.17 & 0.11 \\ & (0.17) & (0.15) & (0.13) & (0.11) \\ \, 2+ Races, Non-Hispanic & 0.03 & -0.02 & 0.15 & 0.09 \\ & (0.15) & (0.15) & (0.11) & (0.10) \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Household Income (Base: Less than \$10000)} \\ \, \$10000 to \$24999 & -0.56 & -0.43 & -0.48 & -0.42 \\ & (0.45) & (0.40) & (0.47) & (0.40) \\ \, \$25000 to \$49999 & -0.67{*} & -0.65{*} & -0.69{*} & -0.70{**} \\ & (0.38) & (0.32) & (0.41) & (0.33) \\ \, \$50000 to \$74999 & -0.43 & -0.42 & -0.57 & -0.55 \\ & (0.42) & (0.33) & (0.44) & (0.34) \\ \, \$75000 to \$99999 & -0.94{**} & -0.86{***} & -0.81{**} & -0.75{**} \\ & (0.38) & (0.32) & (0.41) & (0.33) \\ \, \$100000 to \$149999 & -0.89{**} & -0.79{**} & -0.98{**} & -0.87{***} \\ & (0.37) & (0.31) & (0.40) & (0.32) \\ \, \$150000 or more & -0.73{*} & -0.65{**} & -0.86{**} & -0.75{**} \\ & (0.38) & (0.31) & (0.41) & (0.32) \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Parents' Education (Base: No High School diploma or GED)} \\ \, High School Graduate & -0.47{***} & -0.36{**} & -0.43{***} & -0.36{***} \\ & (0.17) & (0.15) & (0.14) & (0.12) \\ \, Some College & -0.46{**} & -0.35{**} & -0.45{***} & -0.35{***} \\ & (0.18) & (0.16) & (0.15) & (0.13) \\ \, Bachelor & -0.54{**} & -0.49{**} & -0.51{***} & -0.42{***} \\ & (0.24) & (0.22) & (0.15) & (0.13) \\ \, Master or Higher & -1.11{**} & -1.10{*} & -0.22{**} & -0.10 \\ & (0.54) & (0.65) & (0.10) & (0.13) \\ \hline State Fixed Effects: & No & Yes & No & Yes \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{ Note: Robust standard errors are reported in parentheses} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{ *** p$<$0.01, ** p$<$0.05, * p$<$0.1} \\ % do we report p<0.1? \end{longtable} \end{center} \vspace{0.3cm} Table A.2. shows product preferences in consumption and the associations between controls and cannabis consumption for AYA cannabis users and susceptible users. Compared with legal flowers, illegal flowers and edibles are associated with higher unit and THC consumption, whereas cartridges are associated with less unit and THC consumption. A 10\% higher cannabis expenditure is associated with a 4\% to 5\% higher consumption. Age is positively associated with consumption. Gender was not significantly associated with consumption. Race/ethnicity is not significantly associated with cannabis consumption. AYAs with higher household incomes and parents' educational attainment, particularly those whose parent(s) has some college or a bachelor’s degree, exhibit lower consumption compared to the reference group (household income less than \$10,000 and no high school diploma or GED). \vspace{0.3cm} \begin{center} \begin{longtable}{lcccc} \caption*{\bf {Table A.3 Own- and Cross- Price Elasticities of Demand Among Different Cannabis Forms, Estimated using Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regressions, N=35,323} } \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(1)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(2)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(3)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(4)} \\ \hline Variables & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Outcome=Unit} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Outcome=THC} \\ \hline {\underline{Within-Subject Effects:}} \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Product Constant (Base: Legal Flower)} \\ \, Illegal Flower & 0.43 & 0.40 & 0.08 & 0.05 \\ & (0.47) & (0.56) & (0.46) & (0.43) \\ \, Edible & 5.18{***}& 0.72 & 0.19 & 0.16 \\ & (1.14) & (0.44) & (0.38) & (0.36) \\ \, Cartridge & -0.81 & -1.10{*} & -0.59 & -0.43 \\ & (0.50) & (0.66) & (0.48) & (0.40) \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{THC Levels (Base: 10\%)} \\ \, 15\% & 0.08 & -0.10 & 0.64{***}& 0.66{***}\\ & (0.07) & (0.10) & (0.06) & (0.06) \\ \, 25\% & 0.10 & 0.01 & 1.19{***}& 1.20{***}\\ & (0.06) & (0.07) & (0.06) & (0.06) \\ \, 30\% & 0.12{*} & -0.04 & 2.10{***}& 2.10{***}\\ & (0.07) & (0.10) & (0.07) & (0.07) \\ \hline {\underline{Between-Subject Effects:}} \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Bases of Tax Imposed (Base: Weight)} \\ \, Price & -0.06 & -0.18 & -0.12 & -0.14 \\ & (0.11) & (0.15) & (0.10) & (0.10) \\ \, THC & 0.21{*} & 0.07 & 0.14 & 0.08 \\ & (0.11) & (0.17) & (0.11) & (0.11) \\ Expenditure & 0.62{***}& 0.26{***}& 0.31{***}& 0.32{***}\\ & (0.08) & (0.07) & (0.07) & (0.07) \\ Age & 2.07{**} & 2.98{**} & 2.15{***}& 1.83{***} \\ & (0.81) & (1.20) & (0.64) & (0.61) \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Gender (Base: Male)} \\ \, Female & -0.02 & 0.04 & -0.09 & 0.03 \\ & (0.09) & (0.19) & (0.07) & (0.12) \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Race and Ethnicity (Base: White, Non-Hispanic)} \\ \, Black, Non-Hispanic & 0.09 & 0.44 & 0.22 & 0.18 \\ & (0.15) & (0.37) & (0.16) & (0.15) \\ \, Other, Non-Hispanic & -0.23 & -0.05 & -0.07 & -0.11 \\ & (0.22) & (0.25) & (0.10) & (0.09) \\ \, Hispanic & 0.23 & -0.06 & 0.16 & 0.10 \\ & (0.15) & (0.21) & (0.12) & (0.11) \\ \, 2+ Races, Non-Hispanic & 0.06 & 0.25 & 0.18{*} & 0.11 \\ & (0.14) & (0.19) & (0.11) & (0.10) \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Household Income (Base: Less than \$10000)} \\ \, \$10000 to \$24999 & -0.61 & -0.44 & -0.52 & -0.44 \\ & (0.42) & (0.47) & (0.46) & (0.39) \\ \, \$25000 to \$49999 & -0.66{*} & -0.73{*} & -0.65 & -0.66{**} \\ & (0.37) & (0.42) & (0.41) & (0.33) \\ \, \$50000 to \$74999 & -0.49 & -0.48 & -0.57 & -0.53 \\ & (0.40) & (0.45) & (0.44) & (0.34) \\ \, \$75000 to \$99999 & -0.94{**} & -0.89{**} & -0.81{*} & -0.72{**} \\ & (0.37) & (0.42) & (0.41) & (0.33) \\ \, \$100000 to \$149999 & -0.87{**} & -0.95{***} & -0.97{**} & -0.85{***} \\ & (0.36) & (0.35) & (0.40) & (0.32) \\ \, \$150000 or more & -0.73{**} & -0.91{**} & -0.86{**} & -0.73{**} \\ & (0.37) & (0.41) & (0.41) & (0.32) \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Parents' Education (Base: No High School diploma or GED)} \\ \, High School Graduate & -0.42{***} & -0.73{**} & -0.45{***} & -0.37{***} \\ & (0.16) & (0.29) & (0.13) & (0.12) \\ \, Some College & -0.44{**} & -0.74{***} & -0.48{***}& -0.40{***} \\ & (0.17) & (0.24) & (0.14) & (0.12) \\ \, Bachelor & -0.46{**} & -0.80{**} & -0.47{***} & -0.39{***} \\ & (0.23) & (0.31) & (0.15) & (0.13) \\ \, Master or Higher & -1.17{**} & -1.52{*} & -0.25{**} & -0.14 \\ & (0.54) & (0.92) & (0.11) & (0.14) \\ \hline State Fixed Effects: & No & Yes & No & Yes \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{ Robust standard errors in parentheses} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{ *** p$<$0.01, ** p$<$0.05, * p$<$0.1} \\ \end{longtable} \end{center} \begin{center} \begin{longtable}{lcccc} \caption*{\bf {Table A.4 The Impact of Attributes on Cannabis Consumption, Estimated using Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regressions (current users), N=8,675} } \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(1)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(2)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(3)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(4)} \\ \hline VARIABLES & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Outcome=Unit} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Outcome=THC} \\ \hline {\underline{Within-Subject Effects:}} \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Pre-Tax Price Levels (Base: \$10)}\\ [1em] \, \$20 & -0.70{***}& -0.74{***}& -0.68{***}& -0.69{***}\\ & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.06) & (0.06) \\ [1em] \, \$30 & -0.87{***}& -0.95{***}& -0.69{***}& -0.83{***}\\ & (0.11) & (0.10) & (0.10) & (0.08) \\ [1em] \, \$40 & -1.26{***}& -1.32{***}& -1.12{***}& -1.19{***}\\ & (0.13) & (0.12) & (0.11) & (0.10) \\ [1em] \multicolumn{5}{l}{THC Levels (Base: 10\%)} \\ [1em] \, 15\% & 0.05 & 0.07 & 0.66{***}& 0.73{***}\\ & (0.10) & (0.10) & (0.10) & (0.09) \\ [1em] \, 25\% & 0.01 & 0.02 & 1.16{***}& 1.22{***}\\ & (0.13) & (0.12) & (0.10) & (0.09) \\ [1em] \, 30\% & -0.08 & -0.09 & 1.66{***}& 1.66{***}\\ & (0.13) & (0.12) & (0.10) & (0.09) \\ [1em] \multicolumn{5}{l}{Tax Rate Levels (Base: 20\%)} \\ [1em] \, 40\% & -0.52{***}& -0.38{***} & -0.63{***}& -0.46{***}\\ & (0.15) & (0.13) & (0.14) & (0.11) \\ [1em] \, 60\% & -0.44{***} & -0.44{***}& -0.38{**} & -0.30{***} \\ & (0.14) & (0.12) & (0.14) & (0.10) \\ [1em] \, 80\% & -0.30{**} & -0.33{***} & -0.20{*} & -0.26{**} \\ & (0.12) & (0.11) & (0.11) & (0.10) \\ {\underline{Between-Subject Effects:}} \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Bases of Tax Imposed (Base: Weight)} \\ \, Price & 0.13 & 0.27 & 0.03 & -0.01 \\ & (0.17) & (0.19) & (0.18) & (0.17) \\ [1em] \, THC & 0.73{***}& 0.64{***} & 0.56{***} & 0.35{*} \\ & (0.18) & (0.22) & (0.18) & (0.19) \\ [1em] \hline \(N\) & 8675 & 8675 & 8675 & 8675 \\ State Fixed Effects: & No & Yes & No & Yes \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{ Note: Robust standard errors are reported in parentheses} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{ *** p$<$0.01, ** p$<$0.05, * p$<$0.1} \\ % do we report p<0.1? \end{longtable} \end{center} \begin{center} \begin{longtable}{lcccc} \caption*{\bf {Table A.5 The Impact of Attributes on Cannabis Consumption, Estimated using Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regressions (potential users), N=17,816} } \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(1)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(2)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(3)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(4)} \\ \hline VARIABLES & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Outcome=Unit} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Outcome=THC} \\ \hline {\underline{Within-Subject Effects:}} \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Pre-Tax Price Levels (Base: \$10)}\\ [1em] \, \$20& -0.47{***}& -0.48{***}& -0.58{***}& -0.58{***} \\ & (0.06) & (0.05) & (0.05) & (0.05) \\ [1em] \, \$30& -0.79{***}& -0.79{***}& -0.87{***}& -0.89{***}\\ & (0.09) & (0.08) & (0.10) & (0.09) \\ [1em] \, \$40& -1.30{***}& -1.28{***}& -1.43{***}& -1.45{***}\\ & (0.10) & (0.10) & (0.10) & (0.10) \\ [1em] \multicolumn{5}{l}{THC Levels (Base: 10\%)} \\ [1em] \, 15\% & 0.00 & 0.02 & 0.77{***}& -0.79{***}\\ & (0.08) & (0.08) & (0.09) & (0.08) \\ [1em] \, 25\% & -0.02 & -0.005 & 1.28{***}& 1.29{***}\\ & (0.08) & (0.07) & (0.08) & (0.08) \\ [1em] \, 30\% & -0.15 & -0.14{*} & 2.21{***}& 2.21{***}\\ & (0.09) & (0.08) & (0.09) & (0.10) \\ [1em] \multicolumn{5}{l}{Tax Rate Levels (Base: 20\%)} \\ [1em] \, 40\% & -0.09 & -0.05 & -0.15 & -0.14 \\ & (0.11) & (0.10) & (0.10) & (0.10) \\ [1em] \, 60\% & -0.34{***}& -0.35{***}& -0.38{***}& -0.39{***}\\ & (0.08) & (0.07) & (0.07) & (0.07) \\ [1em] \, 80\% & -0.30{***}& -0.27{***}& -0.46{***}& -0.46{***}\\ & (0.08) & (0.08) & (0.08) & (0.08) \\ {\underline{Between-Subject Effects:}} \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Bases of Tax Imposed (Base: Weight)} \\ \, Price & -0.18 & -0.08 & -0.18& -0.17 \\ & (0.17) & (0.16) & (0.15) & (0.15) \\ [1em] \, THC & 0.10 & 0.15 & 0.03& -0.01 \\ & (0.17) & (0.16) & (0.15) & (0.15) \\ [1em] \hline \(N\) & 17816 & 17816 & 17816 & 17816 \\ State Fixed Effects: & No & Yes & No & Yes \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{ Note: Robust standard errors are reported in parentheses} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{ *** p$<$0.01, ** p$<$0.05, * p$<$0.1} \\ % do we report p<0.1? \end{longtable} \end{center} \begin{table}[ht] \centering \footnotesize \begin{threeparttable} \caption*{\bf Table A.6 Economic Relationship based on THC Consumption between Different Forms in The Matrix} \label{tab:thc-matrix} \begin{tabular}{@{}|l|cccc|@{}} \toprule \diagbox[width=4.5cm]{\textbf{Consumption}}{\textbf{Price}} & \textbf{Legal flowers} & \textbf{Illegal flowers} & \textbf{Edibles} & \textbf{Cartridges} \\ \midrule \textbf{Legal flowers} & Reduction & Substitutes & & \\ \textbf{Illegal flowers} & Substitutes & Reduction & & Substitutes \\ \textbf{Edibles} & Complements & Complements & Reduction & Complements \\ \textbf{Cartridges} & Substitutes & & & Reduction \\ \bottomrule \end{tabular} \begin{tablenotes} \item \footnotesize \textit{Notes:} Matrix of relationships based on Table 4, Column 4. \end{tablenotes} \end{threeparttable} \end{table} \end{document}