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["Supplementary Tables"]
["Table 1 Megaloceros Radiocarbon Date List, and Calibrated Values for Dates <24 cal BP "]
["locality","country","stratigraphy","material dated","Lab. #","14C age BP","error","d13C%","Calibrated age BP (68.2% prob. ranges)",null,"Calibrated age BP (95.4% prob. ranges)"]
[{"$nulls":8},"lower","upper","lower","upper"]
["Southern Europe"]
["El Castillo Cave","N Spain","cave sediments","bone","OxA-10329",">43800",null,"-20.6"]
["Labeko Koba","N Spain","cave sediments","shed antler base","OxA-10104",42200,2400,"-19.2"]
["Amalda Cave","Spain","cave sediments","metatarsal shaft fragment","OxA-10103",21000,40,"-19.2"]
["Settepolesini, Bondeno","Italy","sands and gravels of R Po","part skull","OxA-10498",51300,2000,"-20.0"]
["Riparo Fumane","Italy","cave sediments","mandible","OxA-10524",34650,450,"-19.1"]
["Settepolesini, Bondeno","Italy","sands and gravels of R Po","skull with antler bases","OxA-10497",33700,350,"-19.9"]
["Settepolesini, Bondeno","Italy","sands and gravels of R Po","part antler","Beta-128161",32060,710,"-19.0"]
["Settepolesini, Bondeno","Italy","sands and gravels of R Po","basal part shed antler","OxA-10520",25000,180,"-19.1"]
[]
["Ireland"]
["Castlepook Cave, Co. Cork","Ireland","Gallery of Aged Carnivores' (under stalagmite)","phalanx","OxA-5740",37200,2000,"-19.1"]
["Castlepook Cave, Co. Cork","Ireland","Gallery of Irish elk' (in pale sand under stalagmite)","phalanx","OxA-5739",32300,1600,"-20.1"]
["Castlepook Cave, Co. Cork","Ireland","Threatening Gallery' (sand sealed by blocks)","astragalus","OxA-3603",32060,630,"-21.1"]
["Garransdaragh Bog, Co. Cork","Ireland","Lateglacial sediments in floor of tributary of R Lee","skull","OxA-4270",11820,120,"-19.4",14060,13515,15175,13435]
["Newhall Cave, Co. Clare","Ireland","Catacomb' 1st Stratum","humerus","OxA-3723",11750,90,"-20.7",14005,13490,15100,13425]
["Magheramorne, Larne Lough","Ireland","from sea bed","left metatarsal","OxA-11684",11730,70,"-20.5",13840,13485,15055,13430]
["Killuragh Cave, Co. Limerick","Ireland","cave sedimenta","phalanx","OxA-4605",11510,100,"-20.2",13800,13190,13850,13145]
["no locality","Ireland","presumed Late Glacial sediments","antler","BM-1904",11380,280,null,13800,13020,14095,12815]
["Ballynamintra Cave, Co. Waterford","Ireland","Layer 2, in hollow in stalagmite florr","ulna","OxA-4249",11110,110,"-20.5",13190,12925,13435,12670]
["Milewater Dock, Belfast","Ireland","probably dredged from dock","skull fragments","OxA-12016",10985,45,"-20.6",13135,12925,13165,12665]
["Kilgreany Cave, Co. Waterford","Ireland","top of 'Brown Earth', level KE2","2nd phalanx","OxA-4241",10960,110,"-20.4",13135,12900,13180,12645]
["no locality","Ireland","presumed Late Glacial sediments","rib","BM-1840",10920,250,null,13185,12430,13475,12115]
["Ballybetagh, Co. Dublin","Ireland","Late Glacial sediments","mandible","UB-2699",10610,495,"-",13130,11695,13510,11065]
[]
["Britain"]
["W of Brown Bank","southern N Sea","trawled from sea bed","bone","OxA-7692",36300,1100]
["Paviland Cave [Goat's Hole], Rhossili","S Wales","cave sediments","tooth","OxA-6930",30450,750]
["Kent's Cavern, Devon","England","cave sediments","femur","OxA-5696",23080,260]
["Brandesburton, Yorkshire","England","presumed Late Glacial sediments","bone","BIRM-55",12850,250,null,15870,14385,16130,14280]
["The Cronk","Isle of Man","on beach","antler tine","OxA-11687",12455,65,"-20.7",15255,14165,15435,14150]
["Ballaugh area","Isle of Man","Ballaugh area","metatarsal","OxA-11971",12275,50,"-20.4",15025,14100,15405,13855]
["Dockacres Quarry, nr Carnforth Lancashire","England","Late Glacial sediments","skull","OxA-11645",12210,80,"-19.8",15010,13855,15395,13835]
["Kent’s Cavern, Devon","England","cave sedimenta","metatarsal","GrN-6204",12180,100,null,15015,13845,15390,13825]
["Beach between Ballyre/Glen Wyllin ","Isle of Man","on beach","skull and antler bases","OxA-11685",12130,60,"-19.9",14975,13835,15355,13825]
["?locality","Isle of Man","presumed Late Glacial sediments","shed antler","OxA-11688",12020,65,"-20.3",14290,13820,15255,13655]
["Islay","Scotland","Late Glacial sediments",null,"OxA-9040",11985,70,"-20.0",14275,13675,15230,13640]
["Ballaugh area","Isle of Man","presumed Late Glacial sediments","shed antler","OxA-11597",11650,55,"-20.7",13815,13465,15005,13315]
["?locality","Isle of Man","peat (atttached matrix)","shed antler","OxA-11686",11575,60,"-20.5",13810,13425,13905,13160]
["Ballaugh area","Isle of Man","presumed Late Glacial sediments","shed antler","OxA-11596",11550,60,"-20.3",13810,13400,13855,13160]
["Close-y-Garey","Isle of Man","kettle hole, in situ","atlas, from skeleton","AA-30361",11495,95,"-21",13795,13185,13830,13150]
["Ballaugh","Isle of Man","Late Glacial sediments, found 1819","antler, from skeleton","OxA-10967",11495,65,"-20.8",13790,13190,13825,13155]
["Ballaugh","Isle of Man","Late Glacial sediments, found 1819","antler, from skeleton","AA-51349",11159,64,"-22.4",13320,12995,13425,12890]
["Glen Wyllin","Isle of Man","kettle hole, in situ","femur shaft (immature)","OxA-12118",11130,45,"-20.5 ",13170,13000,13385,12880]
["Glen Wyllin","Isle of Man",null,"antler","AA-30362",10780,95,21.2,12980,12655,13125,12420]
["River Cree, Galloway","Scotland","found in river bed","antler","OxA-11498",10585,65,"-20.2",12850,12360,12940,12165]
["River Cree, Galloway","Scotland","found in river bed","antler","AA-51350",10257,75,"-21.9",12320,11700,12640,11570]
[]
["W Europe"]
["Conives Grotte, Thonay","France","cave sediments","bone","Ly-981",32000,900]
["Goyet Cave","Belgium","cave sediments","tooth","OxA-11784",31590,200,"-20.2"]
["Goyet Cave","Belgium","cave sediments","tooth","OxA-11767",23840,260,"-20.4"]
[]
["Central Europe"]
["Komarowa Cave","Poland","Layer 13E","upper molar","OxA-11097",43900,1000,"-19.2"]
["Piekary Cave","Poland","cave sediments","R mandible","OxA-11099",43300,2700,"-19.9"]
["Raj Cave","Poland","cave sediments","upper molar","OxA-11061",42700,700,"-19.4"]
["Griffen Cave","Austria","cave sediments","mandible","OxA-10677",47800,1900,"-19.7"]
["Komarowa Cave",null,"Layer 13D","L upper premolar 4","OxA-11098",37500,450,"-18.9"]
["Tropfsteinhöhle Kugelstein","Austria","cave sediments","L ulna","OxA-10656",32200,2100,"-21.8"]
["Vogelherd, Baden-Würtemburg","Germany","cave sediments","molar","OxA-10198",26110,310,"-19.3"]
[]
["S Scandinavia, N Germany"]
["Svenstrup, S of Ålborg","Denmark","glaciofluvial gravels","distal left metatarsal","Ua-2507",31720,980]
["Schlutup, Lübeck Ost","N Germany","Late Glacial sediments","femur from partial skeleton","OxA-10397",12050,70,"-19.4",14915,13820,15280,13660]
["Køge Bugt","Denmark","dredged outside Mosede Havn","left mandible with m2","OxA-10234",12005,65,"-19.6",14290,13815,15245,13650,{"$nulls":39},"Equus sp.",null,"Alces alces",{"$nulls":29},"Terberger, t 1996. Die \"Riesenhirschfundstelle\" von Endingen Lkr. Nordvorpommern; Spatglaziale Besiedlungsspurren in Nordostdeutschland. Archaologisches Korrespondenzblatt 26, 13-32. Street, M 1996. The Lateglacial faunal assemblage from Endingen, Lkr. No"]
["Aertebjerggård, Haslev","Denmark","found in drainage excavations","left metacarpal","OxA-10235",11875,70,"-20.0",14080,13625,15185,13495]
["Navtrup Mark, E of Haderslev","Denmark","excavated 1985, probably from peat between 2 gyttjas","shed antler fragments","OxA-10236",11850,70,"-19.4",14070,13600,15170,13475]
["Langelandsbaelt, off coast of Albuen, W of Nakskov","Denmark","found low water in dry summer 1954","part shed antler ","AAR-4566",11800,90,null,14045,13510,15150,13445]
["Lymosen, Haderslev Jutland","Denmark","excavated 1986","partial skeleton","K-4788",11630,120,null,13820,13445,15000,13160]
["Lüdersdorf","N Germany","Late Glacial sediments","skull","OxA-3615",11600,105,null,13815,13430,14030,13160]
["Endingen, Nordvorpommern","N Germany",null,"antler","UZ-3798",11555,100,null,13815,13340,13940,13150]
["Bonnarps mosse, 10km SE of Malmö ","S Sweden","found 1970 in bottom of 0.5 m organic layer above calcareous sediments, clay and gravel. ","right metatarsal","Lu-945",11490,105,null,13795,13185,13845,13145]
["Hesselagergård, N of Svendborg","Denmark","found during peat cutting","cranial frag. with antler bases","K-5660",11350,115,null,13445,13165,13795,13015]
["Stora Slågarp, 20 km SSE Malmö","S Sweden","found ploughing","part left antler","OxA-10194",11345,60,"-18.8",13420,13175,13775,13040]
["Højbjergsminde, NW of Svenborg","Denmark","found during digging for drainage, 1995","part shed antlert","AAR-4565",11340,80,null,13420,13175,13780,13030]
["Hindby Mosse, 4 km S of Malmö ","S Sweden","3m below surface in sand with clay and humus, below clay gyttja, calcareous gyttja, peat and filling. Pollen inc reworked. Found 1972 during road construction about 150 m E of \"Malmo Djursjukkhus\"","antler","Lu-824",11330,110,null,13435,13160,13790,13015]
["Östra Grevie Folkhögskola, 18 km SSE of Malmo centre","S Sweden","grey-green clay gyttja. Pollen by Mohren early part of Allerod","antler","Ua-3547",10900,100,null,13130,12845,13155,12645]
["Fladmosen, Holsteinborg, E of Skaelskør","Denmark","found in bog 1948, pollen by H Krogh zone II Allerod","several skeletal elements of adult female  and a few bones of 2 juveniles","K-5657",10870,110,null,13120,12675,13155,12630]
["Vaevlinge, S of Bogense","Denmark","found during digging for drainage, 1938. ","shed antler","K-5658",10670,115,null,12900,12395,13005,12150]
[]
["Urals, W Siberia"]
["Neviansk, W Siberia","Russia","alluvium'","antler","OxA-11065",10825,65,"-19.7",12990,12675,13115,12635]
["Kulmetovsk, Urals","Russia","cave sediments","maxilla with teeth","OxA-10676",10260,55,"-19.5",12310,11760,12580,11690]
["Grotto Bobylek, Urals","Russia","cave sediments","root of molar","OxA-11063",9960,55,"-19.6",11550,11230,11645,11200]
["Shigir, W Siberia","Russia","Mesolithic site","antler","OxA-11064",7990,45,"-19.7",9005,8770,9010,8650]
["Redut, Miass River W Siberia","Russia","skull and 2 cervical vertebrae","cervical vertebra","OxA-13014",7034,34,"-19.0",7930,7790,7940,7755]
["Redut, Miass River W Siberia","Russia","skull and 2 cervical vertebrae","cervical vertebra","KIA-5668",6968,33,"-20.16",7840,7730,7925,7680]
["Kamyshlov Mire, W Siberia","Russia","skeleton from peat bog","skull","OxA-13015",6881,38,"-19.5",7745,7670,7790,7610]
["Kamyshlov Mire, W Siberia","Russia","skeleton from peat bog","rib","KIA-5669",6816,35,"-21.46",7675,7610,7725,7585]
[]
["S. Siberia"]
["Chernigovo coal-mining Pit, Kuznetsk Basin","Russia","Krasnobrodsk suite, sands and stratified loams with silt","left mandible with p4,m1-3","OxA-13026",10055,45,"-18.1",11695,11340,11950,11295]
[]
["Transbaikalia"]
["Kamenka Buryatiya","Russia","Upper Palaeolithic site, Complex A","humerus","OxA-12116",39290,350,"-18.7"]
["Kamenka Buryatiya","Russia","Upper Palaeolithic site, Complex A","antler","OxA-12117",41350,450,"-18.5"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Table 2 Calibrated age ranges expressed in cal years BP for Megaloceros giganteus specimens <12.5 kyr BP."]
["Radiocarbon determinations were calibrated using the INTCAL98 dataset of Stuiver et al. (1998) "]
["INTCAL98 Radiocarbon age calibration, 24 000 - 0 Cal AD. Radiocarbon 40: 1041-1083.) with the OxCal 3.6 computer programme (Bronk Ramsey, C. 2001). "]
[]
["Laboratory prefixes denote the following measuring facilities: "]
["OxA-Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Oxford, BM-British Museum Radiocarbon Laboratory,"]
["UB-Radiocarbon Laboratory Queen's University of Belfast Laboratory, BIRM-Birmingham, Dept. of Geological Sciences, GrN-CIO, Groningen,"]
["AA-NSF Arizona AMS Laboratory, AAR-University of Aarhus AMS Laboratory, KIA Kiel AMS Laboratory."]
["K  Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, National Museum , Copenhagen, Ua  Tandem Laboratory, University of Uppsala"]
["Lu Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, University of Lund"]
["UZ./ETH Geological Institute, University Zurich, Hönggerberg tandem accelerator"]
{"$rows_empty":65}
["References"]
["Bronk Ramsey, C. 2001. Development of the radiocarbon calibration program OxCal. Radiocarbon 43: 355-63."]
["Stuiver, M., Reimer, P.J., Bard, E., Beck, J.W., Burr, G.S., Hughen, K.A., Kromer, B., McCormac, F.G., V.D. Plicht, J. & Spurk, M. 1998"]
["INTCAL98 Radiocarbon age calibration, 24 000 – 0 Cal AD. Radiocarbon 40: 1041-1083."]