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["Record Identifier","Author","PubDate"]
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["10.1111/j.1472-765X.2005.01690.x","Kawanishi M",2005]
["10.3147/jsfp.47.56","Tipmongkolsilp N",2012]
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["10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.07.005","Vaseeharan B",2005]
["10.3147/jsfp.44.40","Meng F",2009]
["10.1186/s12866-016-0650-6","Xu X",2016]
["10.1093/jac/dkm539","Lau SKP",2008]
["10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-510","Changkaew K",2014]
["10.9775/kvfd.2012.7606","Altun S",2013]
["10.1111/jam.12104","Chiu TH",2012]
["Int Food Res J 20(3):1449-1452","Ye YW",2013]
["Iranian Journal Fisheries Science 15(1) 267-280","Ahmadpour S",2016]
["10.5455/javar.2015.b120","Lijon MB",2015]
["10.5897/AJMR11.1405"," Zheng W",2012]
["African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 4(9), pp. 849-855","Jun JW",2010]
["10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00846.x","Kitiyodom S",2010]
["10.1016/S2222-1808(14)60498-9","Adikesavalu H",2014]
["Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 4(3):325-334","Uddin SA",2013]
["10.3923/pjbs.2010.293.297","Najiah M",2010]
["Asian Jr. of Microbiol. Biotech. Env. Sc. 15(4): 31-36","Ahmed T",2013]
["Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 3 (12): 2185-2187","Al-Dughaym AM",2000]
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["10.1155/2016/2164761","Kathleen MM",2016]
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["10.1016/j.micpath.2016.10.026","Ali SS",2016]
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["10.3923/jfas.2014.487.495","Amiri AA",2014]
["10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i6.17883","Angelo RU",2017]
["10.5897/AJMR11.1240","Ansari M",2011]
["10.1100/2012/130136","Banerjee S",2012]
["Indian J. Fish. 58(3): 135-138","Bharathkumar G",2011]
["10.9775/kvfd.2011.5254","Boyacioglu M",2012]
["10.3906/vet-1502-36","Boyacioglu M",2015]
["10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.11.003","Budiati T",2013]
["10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.03.007","Cai J",2006]
["10.1007/s10499-008-9215-5","Cai J",2009]
["Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 43(1): 382-388","Cai SH",2012]
["10.3354/dao02852","Capkin E",2015]
["10.3389/fmicb.2015.01026","Chen M",2015]
["10.1186/s12866-016-0794-4","Chu C",2016]
["10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.015","Deng H",2009]
["10.2754/avb201887030269","Dincturk E",2018]
["Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health. 38(2): 41‚Äì48","Duman M",2019]
["10.1089/mdr.2008.0848","Dung TT",2008]
["Ankara √úniv Vet Fak Derg, 59, 141-146","Durmaz Y",2012]
["10.3389/fmicb.2016.00935","Deng Y",2016]
["Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica. 30(6): 742-746","Fan JF",2006]
["10.1089/fpd.2015.1976","Gashgari RM",2015]
["10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.08.032","Geng Y",2010]
["10.1016/j.jgar.2018.09.005","Ghafur A",2019]
["10.1371/journal.pone.0153561","Guo Y",2016]
["10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.12.043","Guo S",2019]
["10.1016/j.resmic.2011.09.001","Han JE",2012]
["10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.03.010","Harakeh S",2006]
["10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.12.008","Harakeh S",2006]
["10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.05.017","Hatha M",2005]
["10.3389/fmicb.2015.00707","He Y",2015]
["10.1186/1471-2180-13-214","Song Y",2013]
["10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.062","He Y",2015]
["10.1007/s11356-016-6614-4","He Y",2016]
["10.3389/fmicb.2018.00222","Hossain ZZ",2018]
["10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-16-031","Hu Q",2016]
["10.3923/jm.2013.55.62","Hua LM",2013]
["10.1007/s12562-010-0302-y","Ismail TF",2011]
["10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01432.x","Jayaprakash NS",2006]
["Journal World Aquaculture Society 37(4): 523-532","Jayasree L",2006]
["The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture Bamidgeh 60(1): 46-56","Jayasree L",2008]
["10.1093/jac/dks250","Jiang HX",2012]
["10.1111/lam.12258","Jiang Y",2014]
["10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.10.005","Jiang Y",2019]
["10.5455/vetworld.2013.300-306","Joseph AV",2013]
["The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture Bamidgeh 56(3): 226-231","Karatas S",2004]
["The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture Bamidgeh 57(4): 255-263","Karatas S",2005]
["Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 52: 223-226","Kav K",2008]
["10.1111/j.1472-765X.2005.01820.x","Kawanishi M",2006]
["10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03257.x","Kijima-Tanaka M",2007]
["10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.05.014","Kim DH",2013]
["Microbes and Environments 18(2):74-81","Kim SR",2003]
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["Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore 46(2):74-75","Koh TH",2017]
["10.1111/jfd.12308","Kongrueng J",2014]
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["10.14202/vetworld.2017.101-111","Laith AA",2017]
["AACL Bioflux 11(2): 505-515","Langaoen AF",2018]
["10.1186/s40550-015-0023-1","Le HV",2015]
["10.3389/fmicb.2018.02513","Lee LH",2018]
["Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska Lublin Polonia 64(2): 9-13","Lee SW",2009]
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["10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00062-4","Li J",1999]
["10.1128/AAC.01749-16","Li R",2016]
["The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture Bamidgeh 68:1-8","Li S",2016]
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["Indian J. Fish. 58(3) : 129-133","Lipton AP",2011]
["The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture Bamidgeh 68, 1225:1-8","Liu D",2016]
["Journal Health Science 55(5): 783-789","Liu F",2009]
["10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.04.039","Lou Y",2016]
["10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.049","Luo X",2017]
["The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, 67 1206","Luo Z",2015]
["10.1128/AAC.02378-17","Lv L",2018]
["Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 23, 44-48","Metin S",2012]
["10.1002/aah.10055","Mohamad N",2019]
["National Institute of Coastal Aquaculture technical paper no. 8/2000","Muangyao P",2000]
["10.1016/S1671-2927(08)60338-7","Najiah M",2009]
["10.1155/2016/8182096","Nguyen DP",2016]
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["International Food Research Journal 18(4): 1523-1530","Noorlis A",2011]
["10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.09.016","Odeyemi OA",2015]
["10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-307","Oh EG",2011]
["10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.046","Onmaz NE",2015]
["10.2376/0005-9366-124-320","Onuk EE",2011]
["Ankara √úniv Vet Fak Derg, 64: 69-73","Onuk EE",2017]
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["Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 32(2): 107-112","Ozer S",2008]
["Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 51, 361-364","Adanir DOR",2007]
["Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 24:7-12","Ozturk T",2013]
["10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-161","Pan J ",2013]
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["Food Sci Technol Res 13(4):362-365","Pinu FR",2007]
["Indian Vet J 85:712-715","Quintoil MN",2008]
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["10.3354/dao02620","Rogge ML",2013]
["Journal Environmental Biology 35: 237-241","Roy RP",2014]
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["International Food Research Journal 23(6): 2732-2736","Saifedden G",2016]
["Dis Aquat Org 57: 147‚Äì150","Selvin J",2003]
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["Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol. 34(2): 35","Shahzad A",2014]
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["10.22438/jeb/38/4/MRN-366","Sivaraman GK",2017]
["Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol. 25(3): 95-106","Soltani M",2005]
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["Indian J Fish 53(2): 231-235","Sunder J",2006]
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["J Anim Vet Adv 10(16):2106-2119","Talpur AD",2011]
["10.3389/fmicb.2017.01087","Tan CW",2017]
["J Anim Vet Adv 10(8):1019-1023","Tanrikul TT",2011]
["Open Veterinary Journal, Vol. 1: 39-45","Tee LW",2011]
["Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 32(1): 71-75","Thakur AB",2003]
["10.7324/JAPS.2019.90117","Thongkao K",2019]
["J Environ Biol 30(1): 23-31","Toroglu S",2009]
["10.1515/jvetres-2016-0020","Ture M",2016]
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["10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02441.x","Vaseeharan B",2008]
["Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal 4(1): 153-158","Vijayalakshmi P",2011]
["10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00009-0","Vivekanandhan G",2002]
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["J. Sustain. Sci. Manage. 6(1): 19-27","Lee SW",2011]
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["J of Pure and Applied Microbiology 10(4): 2807-2814","Yadav JP",2016]
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["10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.022","Saticioglu IB",2018]
["10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.07.036","Al-Harbi AH",2016]
["10.1016/j.jip.2007.07.005","Cai J",2008]
["10.1007/s11274-008-9708-4","Chakraborty RD",2008]
["10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.05.046","Deng L",2019]
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["Journal of Fish Diseases 27: 307‚Äì310","Duremdez R",2004]
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["Aetiology and pathomorphology of Bacterial septicemi in Channel catfish and Immunization of inactivated vaccine; Master thesis","Ni J",2009]
["Studies on the major outer membrane proteins of pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum isolated from diseased marine fish in Shandong Province; Master thesis","Gong Y",2006]
["10.13721/j.cnki.dsyy.2019.01.014","Feng Y",2019]
["Prevalence and characterization of class I integron in Aeromonasfrom integrated livestock-fish farm; Master thesis","Feng Y",2016]
["10.13721/j.cnki.dsyy.2015.01.016","Liu N",2015]
["10.11984/j.issn.1000Ôºç7083.20160018","Liu N",2016]
["Virulence gene detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Lithopenaeus vannamei and cloning, expression of TLH gene, Master thesis","Liu J",2016]
["10.13233/j.cnki.mar.fish.2017.02.009","Liu D",2017]
["10.3724/SP.J.0000.2008.60824","Liu J",2008]
["Isolation and identification of Aeromonassalmonicida subsp Salmonicida from Brachymystax lenok; Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine; 2017; Vol. 53 No. 10; p.91-97","Shan X",2017]
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["Isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria and pathomorphology of ulcer disease in Silurus meriodinalis Chen, Master thesis","Ji L",2008]
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["10.13344/j.microbiol.china.190234 ","Wu J",2019]
["10.3969/j.issn.2095Ôºç1833.2019.01.003 ","Zhou Y",2019]
["10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2019.08.28","Zhou H",2019]
["The etiological identification of skin ulcer syndrome in cultured Apostichopus japonicus and the immune effects of inactivated pathigen Aeromonasveronii, Master thesis","Zhou X",2008]
["10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2004.12.002","Zhou B",2004]
["Identification and pathogenicity of Aeromonasstrains associted with skin ucleration disease of Cynoglossus semilaevis G√ºnther, Master thesis","Zhou H",2017]
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["Studies on the Pathogens and Inmmune Protection of Skin ulcer of Cynoglossus semilaevis, Master thesis","Yao Z",2012]
["10.3969/j.issn.1673-9159.2016.04.007","Yao H",2016]
["10.3969/j.issn.1004-2091.2016.04.010","Jiang G",2016]
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["Isolation, identification and detection, analysis of virulence gene of Tilapia in Guangxi with Streptococcusagalactiae disease, Master thesis","Peng M",2014]
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["Isolation and identification of bacterial pathogens from Epinephelus fuscoguttatus with scale-peeled syndrome disease; Marine Sciences; 2012; Vol. 36 No. 2; p.67-74","Xu X",2012]
["10.19720/j.cnki.issn.1005-9369.2015.03.011","Xu X",2015]
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["10.11759/hykx20190115001 ","Shi L",2019]
["10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2016.04.009","Zhu Z",2016]
["10.13610/j.cnki.1672-352x.20170419.022 ","Zhu R",2017]
["Investigation and study on the main etiology of partial turtle in Guilin; Master thesis","Li X",2018]
["10.3724/SP.J.1035.2011.00980 ","Li N",2011]
["10.16437/j.cnki.1007-5038.2001.01.028","Li H",2001]
["10.16441/ j.cnki.hdxb.2006.04.028","Li Y",2006]
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["Isolation and Identification of pathogen and histopathological observation of ulcer in Schizothorax Prenanti, Master thesis","Du Z",2007]
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["Study on the major bacterial diseases of cultured Turbot during larval stages, Master thesis","Yang S",2004]
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["Isolation and Identification of the Pathogens of the Skin Ulceration Disease in Lateolabrax japonicus; Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin; 2013; Vol. 29 No. 32; p.100-104","Lin X",2013]
["10.13292/j.1000-4890.2013.0495","Liang L",2013]
["10.3969/j.issn.1008-0589.2013.05.08","Liang L",2013]
["Isolation and identification of bacteria pathogens from Epinephelus coioides with tail-rotted disease; Journal of Tropical Oceanography; 2010; Vol. 29 No. 6; p.118-124","Mei B",2010]
["10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2018.06.014","Fan W",2018]
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["10.3969/cjz.j.issn.1002-2694.2013.05.020","Jiang Y",2013]
["The identification and drug-resistance to fluoroquinolone and florfenicol of Aeromonashydrophila from Pseudobagrus fulvidraco; Master thesis","Wen H",2012]
["Isolation, Identification and Drug Resistance Analysis of A. veronii from hybrid carp; Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine; 2019; Vol. 55 No.3; p.85-89","Pan J",2019]
["10.13344/j.microbiol.china.150567","Wang Y",2016]
["10.3969/j.issn.1008-0425.2016.11.09","Wang X",2016]
["10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2015.19.041","Wang J",2015]
["Isolated, Identification and antibiotic resistance analysis of three Aeromonassalmonicida; Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine; 2017; Vol. 53 No. 2; p.78-80","Wang J",2017]
["10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2019.01.010","Wang Q",2019]
["10.11758/yykxjz.20160408003","Wang X",2017]
["Isolation, Identification and Drug Sensitivity Test of Streptococcusiniae from Sparus latus; Journal Anhui Agricultural Science; 2018; Vol. 46 No. 21; p.100-102","Wang H",2018]
["Isolation of Edwardsiella tarda from diseased turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and vaccination against Edwardsiella tarda; Journal of Fishery Sciences of China; 2009; Vol. 16 No. 3; p.394-402","Wang Y",2009]
["10.13343/ j.cnki.wsxb.2007.05.017","Wang Y",2007]
["10.16431/ j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.03.031","Shi Z",2018]
["10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2010.01.127","Tai G",2010]
["10.15928/j.1674-3075.2008.06.019","Tai G",2008]
["The Aeromonashydrophila sepsis pathogen of Northern Pike (Esox lucius) isolation, identification and pathogenic resaerch, Master thesis","Qin L",2014]
["Studies on Edwardsiellosis in Carassus auratus gibelio, Master thesis","Cheng J",2017]
["Analysis of the Pathogenic Bacteria and Drug Sensitivity Test of the Tail-rot Pseudosciaena crocea Cultured in Marine Cage in Zhoushan; Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University (Natural Science); 2005; Vol. 24 No. 4; p.118-121","Tong G",2005]
["10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2009.06.003","Tong G",2009]
["Study on Pathogenicity and Biological Characteristics of Skin Fester Disease caused by Aeromonashydrophila (Trionyx sinensis), Master thesis","Luo F",2013]
["The analysis of the drug resistence and integrons of Aeromonashydrophila clinical isolated strains, Master thesis","Xiao G",2012]
["10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.07.035","Hu A",2019]
["Isolation and identification of bacteria from soft-shelled turtle (Trionyx sinensis) associated with fulminant septicaemia; Journal of Fishery Sciences of China; 2010; Vol. 17 No. 4; p.859-867","Hu G",2010]
["Isolation and identification of the pathogenic bacteria from swollen abdomen in Cynoglossus semilaecis G√ºnther, and the histopathology of Cynoglossus semilaecis G√ºnther, Master thesis","Hu X",2014]
["Isolation and Identification of the Pathogen of Fulminant Septicaemia from Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater Fisheries; 2006; Vol. 36 No. 5; p.37-41","Su Y",2006]
["Isolation and Identification of Vibrio harveyi in cultured Litopenaeus vannaimei and its prevention and treatment, Master thesis","Su H",2010]
["Isolation and Identification of Nocardia, a Pathogen of Nocardiosis in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides); Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni; 2012; Vol. 51 No. 1, p.76-81","Jiang Y",2012]
["The research on fulminant bacterial disease prevention of channel catfish in cage culturing, Master thesis","Yuan K",2007]
["The pathogeny of ulcer disease in Epinephlus awoara; Journal of Fisheries of China; 2004; Vol. 28 No. 3; p.297-302","Tan Y",2004]
["10.15886/j.cnki.hdxbzkb.2018.0020","Xu Y",2018]
["The study on the Biological Characteristics and Drug Sensitivity of Aeromonas Sobria of Ictalurus punctatus, Master thesis","Xie X",2013]
["10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2013.03.015","Xie C",2013]
["10.13836/j.jjau.2015052","Lian H",2015]
["10.3969/j.issn.2095-0780.2015.04.011","Gu L",2015]
["10.3724/SP.J.1231.2015.59399","Deng M",2015]
["Isolation, identification and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus agalactiae from Nile tilapia; Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine; 2017;  Vol. 49 No. 9; p.62-66","Kuang W",2017]
["Identification, genotyping and whole genome sequencing of Edwardsiella tarda from asian swamp eel, Master thesis ","Shao J",2016]
["10.16768/j.issn.1004-874x.2014.07.048","Chen S",2014]
["10. 3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.02.04","Zheng L",2018]
["The study of the epidemiology and drug-resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from Megalobrama amblycephala in Nanjing area, Master thesis","Jin C",2018]
["Study on the Pathogen of the Fulminant Infectious Disease in the Fry of Epinephelus lanceolatus in Southern Fujian; Journal of Xiamen University ( Natural Science); 2004; Vol. 43 No. 4; p.557-562","Chen X",2004]
["The study of the epidemiology inverstigation and pathogenity, drug-resistance characteristics of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from Megalobrama amblycephala, Master thesis","Chen T",2014]
["10.11758/yykxjz.20160504001 ","Chen J",2017]
["10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2018.06.015","Chen H",2018]
["10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2017.01.008","Chen Y",2017]
["10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2015.2.332","Chen Y",2015]
["10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2011.06.010","Chen Y",2011]
["10.11693/hyhz20150700200","Chen X",2015]
["10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2019.01.017","Lei X",2019]
["Molecular Serotype, drug resistance and rapid detection of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from Tilapia, Master thesis","Huo H",2013]
["Isolation and identification of bacterial pathogen of Trionyx sinensis Big neck disease, Master thesis","Yan D",2015]
["The identification of bacterial pathogen from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and clone of hemolysin gene from Vibrio harveyi, Master thesis","Yan X",2004]
["10.3969/j:issn.2095-1191.2016.08.1416","Rao Y",2016]
["10.13881/j.cnki.hljxmsy.20161230.001 ","Gao D",2017]
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{"sheet":"Exclude_Bivalve Mollusc","index":1,"n_rows":39,"n_cols":15,"rows_kept":39,"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
["Key","Item Type","Publication Year","Author","Title","Publication Title","ISBN","ISSN","DOI","Url","Abstract Note","Date","Pages","Issue","Volume"]
["5EPE2YY8","journalArticle",2019,"Ashrafudoulia, Md; Miza, Md Furkanur Rahaman; Park, Heedae; Byun, Kye-Hwan; Lee, Nari; Park, Si Hong; Ha, Sang-Do; Ashrafudoulla, Md; Mizan, Md Furkanur Rahaman; Park, Heedae; Byun, Kye-Hwan; Lee, Nari; Park, Si Hong; Ha, Sang-Do; Ashrafudoulia, Md; Miza, Md Furkanur Rahaman; Park, Heedae; Byun, Kye-Hwan; Lee, Nari; Park, Si Hong; Ha, Sang-Do","Genetic Relationship, Virulence Factors, Drug Resistance Profile and Biofilm Formation Ability of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated From Mussel","Frontiers in Microbiology",null,null,"10.3389/fmicb.2019.00513",null,"The objective of this study was to investigate the virulence factors, genetic relationship, antibiotic resistance profile and the biofilm formation ability of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates on shrimp and mussel surfaces at 30 degrees C. In this study, eight (n = 8) V. parahaemolyticus isolated from mussel were examined. We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to examine the distribution of different genes, and Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-PCR (REP-PCR) to compare the genetic relationship. Disk diffusion technique was used to assess antibiotic and multiple-antibiotic resistance. The biofilm formation assay, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to evaluate biofilm formation ability. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) was used to observe the morphological structure of bacterial cell. Our results indicated that the biofilm-associated genes, 16S rRNA, toxR, and tdh, were present in all the tested V parahaemolyticus isolates (n = 8). Approximately, 62.5% (5 isolates among 8 isolates) isolates showed strong multiple-antibiotic resistance index with an average value of 0.56. All isolates (n = 8) showed strong genetic relationship and significant biofilm formation ability on shrimp and mussel surfaces. This study demonstrated that the presence of virulence factors, high multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) values, and effective biofilm formation ability of V. parahaemolyticus isolates could be a great threat to human health and economic values in future. It was also suggested that a high resistance rate to antibiotic could be ineffective for treating V. parahaemolyticus infections. The continuous monitoring of V. parahaemolyticus antibiotic, molecular and biofilm characteristics is needed to increase seafood safety.",2019,"513-513",null,10]
["4W4FSHEJ","journalArticle",2019,"Ryu, A Ra; Mok, Jong Soo; Lee, Da Eun; Kwon, Ji Young; Park, Kunbawui","Occurrence, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from bivalve shellfish farms along the southern coast of Korea.","Environmental science and pollution research international",null,null,"10.1007/s11356-019-05426-1",null,"Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most common pathogen causing seafood-borne illnesses in Korea. The present study evaluated the occurrence, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of V. parahaemolyticus in seawater and bivalves obtained in 2016 from the southern coast of Korea, an important region for commercial aquaculture industries, especially the Korean raw seafood culture. V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 87 of 160 (54.4%) bivalve samples and in 32 of 130 (24.5%) seawater samples. Especially high levels were detected during summer to early autumn. All the seawater and bivalves contained less than 2 and 5% of the tdh and trh genes of the isolates, respectively, and seawater isolates possessed two fewer genes than the bivalve isolates. Of 23 antimicrobials tested, three agents (ofloxacin, norfloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) effectively treated V. parahaemolyticus illness due to the sensitivity of the isolates. The isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin, however, excluding it as a treatment option. More than half of the isolates exhibited resistance to at least three antimicrobials. These findings indicate the importance of an integrated monitoring and surveillance program noting the occurrence, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of V. parahaemolyticus in various aquatic sources for preventing human health risks from seafood consumption.","2019-05"]
["VUDQL95Z","journalArticle",2018,"Al-Sarawi, Hanan A; Jha, Awadhesh N; Baker-Austin, Craig; Al-Sarawi, Mohammad A; Lyons, Brett P","Baseline screening for the presence of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolated from Kuwait's marine environment.","Marine pollution bulletin",null,null,"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.044",null,"Here we present the findings of a study where 598 isolates of Escherichia coli (351 derived from seawater; 247 derived from the Venus clam, Circenita callipyga) were obtained from Kuwait's marine environment. Isolates were screened for their potential resistance to an array of 23 commonly deployed frontline antibiotics. Results demonstrate the resistant was widespread across all sites with high-levels of resistance (seawater: summer 89-64%; winter 90-57% and biota: summer 77%; winter 88%) observed to at least 1 of the 23 antibiotics tested. Resistance to Ampicillin was by far the most widely observed profile in seawater and biota across both summer and winter seasons, with 55.9 to 70.9% isolates displaying resistance to this antibiotic. This study demonstrates the potential of AMR screening to be used in Kuwait to detect issues related to water quality and the consequences it may pose for human health.","2018-04","893-898",2,129]
["BM9CUU59","journalArticle",2019,"De Silva, B C J; Hossain, S; Dahanayake, P S; Heo, G-J","Aeromonas spp. from marketed Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis): molecular characterization, phylogenetic analysis, virulence properties and antimicrobial susceptibility.","Journal of applied microbiology",null,null,"10.1111/jam.14106",null,"AIMS: Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) is a popular seafood in Korea. Aeromonas spp., well-known pathogenic bacteria, has been reported in some molluscan shellfish, but it has not been studied in scallops so far. Therefore, we aimed to isolate, identify and characterize the Aeromonas spp. isolated from marketed Yesso scallops to estimate their potential risk to public health. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-two Aeromonas spp. including A. hydrophila (n = 13), A. salmonicida (n = 11), A. media (n = 3), A. caviae (n = 2), A. veronii (n = 2) and A. enteropelogenes (n = 1) were isolated from 105 marketed scallops and tested for phenotypic pathogenicity, virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility. Mean total bacterial count of scallop meat was 1.34 x 10(4) CFU per gram. Slime production and lipase tests were positive in 97% of the isolates while DNase, protease, gelatinase, phospholipase and haemolysis were shown by 88, 88, 81, 88 and 72% of the isolates respectively. Eleven virulence genes were detected among Aeromonas spp. (act (75%), alt (59%), ast (47%), aerA (78%), lip (59%), ahyB (94%), ser (75%), hlyA (75%), fla (64%), gcat (84%) and ascV (23%)), and exu was negative in all isolates. Aeromonas hydrophila and A. salmonicida harboured >/=7 virulence genes and positive for enterotoxin genes, act, alt and ast. All the isolates were multidrug resistant and 100% resistant to ampicillin, colistin, vancomycin and cephalothin. Also, 30, 31, 20, 21, 29, 24, 27 and 27 of the isolates were resistant to piperacillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, imipenem, meropenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin respectively. CONCLUSIONS: It is obvious with our results that the Aeromonas spp. isolated from Yesso scallops are highly virulent and potentially pathogenic, whereas the multidrug resistance further expedite their importance. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting Aeromonas spp. in scallop. This implies that not only the common varieties like oysters, but other bivalves can also harbour potentially pathogenic aeromonads which may have impacts on consumer health.","2019-01","288-299",1,126]
["BCHL7INY","journalArticle",2013,"이태식; 박큰바위; 박준용; 조미라; 유홍식; 이희정; 김지회; 오은경; 신순범; 김연계","Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from the Shellfish Farms in the Southern Coast of Korea TT  - 남해안 패류양식장에서 분리된 대장균(Escherichia coli)의 항균제 내성","Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences",null,null,"10.5657/kfas.2013.0528",null,"This study evaluated the impact of antimicrobial resistant bacteria produced by inland pollution sources on coastal areas, and investigates antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from marine filter feeders. A total of 107shellfish (short-necked clams Ruditapes philippinarum, ark shells Scapharca broughtonii, and oysters Crassostrea gigas) were collected from the southern coast of Korea, from which 204 Escherichia coli strains were isolated. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated strains were analyzed for 15 antimicrobial agents used in Korea for clinical or veterinary therapy. Antimicrobial resistance was present in 44.6% of E. coli isolates against at least one antimicrobial agent. The rate of antimicrobial resistance in the Narodo area was higher than isolates from the Gangjinman area and Kamak Bay. E. coli isolates had a higher rate of resistance against: tetracycline (29.9%), streptomycin (25.5%), and trimethoprim (14.2%). Of 204 isolates, 29 (14.2%) were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents.",2013,"528-533",5,46]
["YTCVXWCL","journalArticle",2014,"Sahilah, A M; Laila, R A S; Sallehuddin, H Mohd; Osman, H; Aminah, A; Azuhairi, A Ahmad","Antibiotic resistance and molecular typing among cockle (Anadara granosa) strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis","World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology",null,null,"10.1007/s11274-013-1494-y",null,"Genomic DNA of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were characterized by antibiotic resistance, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) analysis. These isolates originated from 3 distantly locations of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Melaka (East coastal areas), Malaysia. A total of 44 (n = 44) of tentatively V. parahaemolyticus were also examined for the presence of toxR, tdh and trh gene. Of 44 isolates, 37 were positive towards toxR gene; while, none were positive to tdh and trh gene. Antibiotic resistance analysis showed the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were highly resistant to bacitracin (92 %, 34/37) and penicillin (89 %, 33/37) followed by resistance towards ampicillin (68 %, 25/37), cefuroxime (38 %, 14/37), amikacin (6 %, 2/37) and ceftazidime (14 %, 5/37). None of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant towards chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, streptomycin and vancomycin. Antibiogram patterns exhibited, 9 patterns and phenotypically less heterogenous when compared to PCR-based techniques using ERIC- and RAPD-PCR. The results of the ERIC- and RAPD-PCR were analyzed using GelCompare software. ERIC-PCR with primers ERIC1R and ERIC2 discriminated the V. parahaemolyticus isolates into 6 clusters and 21 single isolates at a similarity level of 80 %. While, RAPD-PCR with primer Gen8 discriminated the V. parahaemolyticus isolates into 11 clusters and 10 single isolates and Gen9 into 8 clusters and 16 single isolates at the same similarity level examined. Results in the presence study demonstrated combination of phenotypically and genotypically methods show a wide heterogeneity among cockle isolates of V. parahaemolyticus.",2014,"649-659",2,30]
["Q84ZL34S","journalArticle",2016,"Kim, Ji Hoe; 박용수; 박큰바위; 권지영; 유홍식; 이희정; 이태식; 김풍호","Antimicrobial Resistance and Distribution of Virulence Factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Shellfish Farms on the Southern Coast of Korea TT  - 남해안 패류양식장에서 분리한 Vibrio parahaemolyticus의 병원인자분포 및 항균제내성","Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences",{"$nulls":4},"From 2013 through 2015, we investigated the contamination status and antimicrobial resistance patterns of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in commercially valuable seawater and shellfish (Oyster Crassostrea gigas, short-neck clam Venerupis philippinarum, ark shell Scapharca broughtonii and mussel Mytilus galloprovinciallis) from the southern coast of Korea. The detection rate of V. parahaemolyticus was highest in short-neck clams (23.7%), followed by ark shells (19.2%), oysters (15.9%), mussels (13.6%), and seawater (8.6%). The following percentages of PCR assays of shellfish were positive for the thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin gene (trh) : oysters (12.8%), shortneck clams(11.8%), and ark shells (3.4%). Similar assays for the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh) resulted in positive results for short-neck clams (5.9%) and ark shells (3.4%). Antimicrobial resistance was present in 100% of 8 tdh (+) and 2 trh (+) V. parahaemolyticus isolates challenged with ampicillin. However, all pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus were sensitive to 14 other antibiotics. To ensure the safety of shellfish consumption, the continuous monitoring of the prevalence and distribution of virulence factors of V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish farms is needed.",2016,"460-466",4,49]
["QZJ9FZRR","journalArticle",2018,"Dahanayake, P S; De Silva, B C J; Hossain, Sabrina; Shin, Gee-Wook; Heo, Gang-Joon","Occurrence, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Vibrio spp. isolated from live oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Korea","Journal of Food Safety",null,null,"10.1111/jfs.12490",null,"This study determined the incidence, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Vibrio spp. in live oysters (Crassostrea gigas) marketed in Korea. A total of 41 Vibrio spp. isolates including 23 Vibrio alginolyticus, 11 Vibrio fluvialis and 7 Vibrio antiquarius were isolated and identified. All Vibrio spp. isolates showed DNase, amylase, lipase, phospholipase, and gelatinase activities. For slime production, caseinase and -hemolysis isolates were positive in 68%, 78%, and 56%, respectively. PCR-based assays showed that V. alginolyticus expressed collagenase, tlh, toxR, ctxAB, and VPI virulence genes in 100%, 100%, 78%, 39%, and 48% of the isolates, respectively. All V. fluvialis strains harbored hupO gene while 64% and 55% isolates were positive for toxR and vfh. Besides, V. antiquarius strains were positive for toxR, tlh, ctxAB, and VPI virulence genes in 57%, 86%, 43%, and 43% of the isolates, respectively. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index calculated with disk diffusion test results revealed that 54% of the isolates were having MAR indices >0.2. Our results reveal that consumption of raw oysters may cause potential risk for public health owing to the Vibrio spp. comprising putative virulence properties and antimicrobial resistance. Practical applicationsThe genus Vibrio are most commonly associated with seafood-borne diseases. Oysters are one of the most preferred seafood in Korea as well as throughout the world. However, it may harbor pathogenic Vibrio spp., can cause foodborne illnesses if consumed as raw or undercooked product. In this study, the prevalence and characteristics of Vibrio spp. isolated from oysters in Korean markets was investigated. Among a total of 41 isolates presumptively identified by biochemical tests as vibrios, the incidence of three Vibrio species was confirmed by gyrB sequencing. Most of the isolates showed positive results for pathogenicity tests and virulence gene tests indicating the putative virulence of Vibrio spp. Susceptibility for 14 antimicrobials were tested using disk diffusion method. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin while resistance to some other antimicrobials were also observed. According to these results, it is worthwhile to raise consumer awareness that consumption of oysters from markets in Korea may pose a risk of Vibrio infection.",2018,null,5,38]
["JCVCCLCS","journalArticle",2012,"Deekshit, V K; Kumar, B K; Rai, P; Srikumar, S; Karunasagar, I","Detection of class 1 integrons in Salmonella Weltevreden and silent antibiotic resistance genes in some seafood-associated nontyphoidal isolates of Salmonella in south-west coast of India","Journal of Applied Microbiology",null,null,"10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05290.x",null,"Aims: To study the antibiogram of 40 seafood isolates of Salmonella and use of PCR to detect the presence of integrons and genes coding for antibiotic resistance. Methods and Results: In this study, 40 isolates of Salmonella were used for antibiogram analysis. The multidrug-resistant isolates were analyzed for the presence of integron using integron-specific primers. Twenty-five percentage of the isolates were multidrug resistant while 67.50% were resistant to at least two antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance genes catA1 and tetA were present in 57.52 and 60%, respectively. Although widespread presence of genes was observed, only 26.08% of the catA1-carrying isolates exhibited phenotypic resistance against the respective antibiotic. Integrons present in representative isolates of Salmonella Weltevreden and Salmonella Newport were sequenced. The former contained class 1 integron with a single gene dfrA7 in the integron cassette and an adjacent dihydropteroate synthetase gene along with the usual quaternary ammonium compound resistance gene, while the later contained class 1 integron with dhfrA1, OrfC, in the integron cassette and an adjacent dihydropteroate synthetase gene along with the usual quaternary ammonium compound resistance gene. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the presence of silent antibiotic resistance genes and class I integrons in seafood-associated Salmonella strains. The study also demonstrates the first report of class I integron in Salm.similar to Weltevreden. Detection of catA1 genes in phenotypically sensitive bacteria suggests that these could be reservoirs in the environment. Significance and Impact of the Study: The manuscript provides novel results describing the existence of a high rate of antibiotic resistance in the Salmonella populations prevailing in environmental sources as well as an absence of correspondence between the presence of antibiotic resistance genes, and the exhibition of a the corresponding phenotypic trait of resistance against the respective antibiotic compound was observed. In addition, the manuscript reports the presence of the class I integron in Salm.similar to Weltevreden.",2012,"1113-1122",6,112]
["E6T6JDJM","journalArticle",2014,"Kim, Ji Hoe; 유홍식; 오은경; 신순범; 박용수; 이희정; 송기철","Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Korean Shellfish TT  - 한국 연안산 패류 중 Vibrio parahaemolyticus의 분포 및항생제내성 특성 비교","Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences",{"$nulls":4},"The contamination status of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in commercially valuable shellfish from the south and westcoasts of Korea and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated V. parahaemolyticus were investigated from Julythrough October, 2011. The range of V. parahaemolyticus concentrations in oysters Crassostrea gigas and short neckclams Venerupis philippinarum was <30~290 MPN/100 g and <30~46,000 MPN/100 g, respectively, and greater than10,000 MPN/100 g of V. parahaemolyticus was detected from 7 of 40 short neck clams. During the survey period, 436strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated (129 from oysters and 307 from short-neck clams) and the antimicrobialresistance patterns of all of the isolates were examined. Antimicrobial resistance against at least one antibiotic wasseen in 79.8% of the oyster isolates (103 strains) and 63.8% of the short neck clam isolates (196 strains). The antimicrobialresistance patterns were relatively simple because the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was simplydue to resistance to ampicillin. Only one oyster isolate and three short neck clam isolates showed multiple antibioticresistance, i.e., resistance against more than four antibiotics.",2014,"508-515",5,47]
["B5EV3V4F","journalArticle",2009,"Zulkifli, Y; Alitheen, N B; Raha, A R; Yeap, S K; Marlina; Son, R; Nishibuchi, M","Antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiling of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from cockles in Padang, Indonesia","International Food Research Journal",{"$nulls":3},"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-59949089072&partnerID=40&md5=072291fb55917caa20ee9acfeafc8025","Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most widely recognized pathogenic Vibrio species due to numerous outbreaks and its' wide occurrence in marine environment. In this study, 32 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from cockles were tested for sensitivity to 16 antibiotics and the presence of plasmids. All the isolates were multi-resistance, defined as resistant to atleast three different antibiotics with multiple antibiotic resistance indexes ranging from 0.31 to 0.69, indicating the isolates originate from high risk sources of contamination where antibiotics are often used. In the plasmid profiling test, only 15 isolates (47%) harbored plasmid DNA, which ranged in size from 2.7 to 56.2 kb, separating the isolates into 14 plasmid profiles. Hence, food contaminated with antibiotic resistant V parahaemolyticus could be a major threat to public health due to the distinct possibility that they can be a significant reservoir of genes encoding antibiotic resistance determinants that can be transferred intra or interspecies. As in many developing countries, raw food hygiene and antimicrobial resistance epidemiology is still in the infancy stage in the locality of the study and thus our data provide a current baseline profile of antimicrobial resistance and plasmid of V. parahaemolyticus from cockles in Padang, Indonesia. © All Right Reserved.",2009,null,1,16]
["SBIUDQ97","journalArticle",2019,"Li, N; Zhou, X; Song, Q; Zhou, M; Shi, X","Antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and molecular characterization of aquatic, clinical, and environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from Ningbo, China","Journal of Food Safety",null,null,"10.1111/jfs.12650","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065640861&doi=10.1111%2Fjfs.12650&partnerID=40&md5=19ac0dca6b6e603268cc91fcf4a3b40a","Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of illness associated with seafood consumption globally. In this study, we examined 136 V. parahaemolyticus isolates from Ningbo, China for antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, genotypes, virulence factor genes (tdh, trh, T3SS) and molecular typing. Carbenicillin resistance (100.0%) was the most prevalent in all isolates followed by ampicillin with 46.1% in aquatic, 9.2% in clinical, and 83.3% in environmental isolates. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (7.7%), streptomycin (3.1%), tetracycline (3.1%), and nalidixic acid (1.6%) resistance were only present in aquatic isolates. The virulence factor genes tdh (83.1%) and trh (10.8%) were found in clinical isolates while tdh was carried by aquatic (6.2%) and environmental (83.3%) isolates. T3SS2α genes were present in tdh + /trh − isolates and T3SS2β genes were present only in trh + isolates. Molecular typing by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction classified our 136 isolates into nine clusters at a 0.66 similarity and aquatic isolates showed high degrees of genetic diversity. Our findings characterized the risk factors among aquatic, clinical, and environmental V. parahaemolyticus isolates from Ningbo, China. Practical Applications: The threat of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus to seafood safety is more serious than ever before as antimicrobial resistance has emerged and developed globally in the past decades. This study emphasizes the antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence, and molecular characterization of aquatic, clinical, and environmental V. parahaemolyticus isolated in Ningbo, which will be helpful for improving seafood safety management. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",2019]
["93KWYCVH","journalArticle",2019,"Nayebpour, F; Rahimi, E","Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and toxigenic gene profile of the Clostridium difficile isolated from molluscan shellfish","Journal of Food Safety",null,null,"10.1111/jfs.12586","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057128616&doi=10.1111%2Fjfs.12586&partnerID=40&md5=76586f05dac2e5eb4912a757371b3b12","Clostridium difficile strains are considered as one of the newly borne foodborne pathogens regarding the consumption of seafood products. The present study was done to assess the antibiotic resistance pattern and toxigenic gene profile of the C. difficile strains isolated from shellfish samples. Eight-hundred and twenty oyster, mussel, cockle, and clam samples were collected and cultured. Clostridium difficile isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction disk diffusion. Twenty-six out of 820 (3.17%) shellfish samples were positive for C. difficile. Mussel (5.00%) and oyster (4.00%) were the most commonly contaminated samples. Clostridium difficile strains exhibited the highest prevalence of resistance against ampicillin (92.30%), penicillin (84.61%), amoxicillin (76.92%), moxifloxacin (65.38%), and metronidazole (57.69%). Prevalence of resistance against more than eight types of antibiotics was 15.38%. TcdA (50%), tcdB (30.76%), and cdtA (30.76%) were the most commonly detected toxigenic genes. Clostridium difficile strains harbored the highest prevalence of tcdA + tcdB (23.07%), tcdA + cdtA (19.23%), tcdB + cdtA (15.38%), and tcdA + tcdB + cdtA (11.53%) gene clusters. Shellfish samples have been considered as a potential source of toxigenic multidrug resistant C. difficile. Simultaneous presence of multiple toxigenic genes in the multidrug resistant C. difficile strains poses an important public health issue regarding the consumption of raw and shellfish. Practical applications: Due to the high-consumption rate of molluscan shellfish, they should have a high microbial quality. Clostridium difficile is common foodborne bacteria with an emergence of antibiotic resistance and toxin production. The current research is the first report of the isolation and study the antibiotic resistance and toxigenic gene profile of the C. difficile strains isolated from oyster, mussel, cockle, and clam samples caught from the Persian Gulf, Iran. Results represented that molluscan shellfish samples may act as a reservoir of Clostridium difficile with ability to transfer antibiotic resistance and toxin genes to human population. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",2019,null,1,39]
["38HVXBDG","journalArticle",2017,"Thongkao, K; Sudjaroen, Y","Vibrio harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus detection in Thai shellfishes by the triplex PCR method","Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health",null,null,"10.4103/ATMPH.ATMPH_770_16","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021704643&doi=10.4103%2FATMPH.ATMPH_770_16&partnerID=40&md5=9cd028169c712ecbccce08b22af8868e","Context: Shellfish sold in Southeast Asian markets are highly contaminated. Uncooked seafood samples were collected from markets in Bangkok, Thailand, which were contaminated with Vibrio species (27%) and in which antibiotic resistance was relatively high. Aims: To simultaneously detect V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus in shellfish samples including life mussel (Perna viridis), blood clam (Tegillarca granosa), and baby clam (Paphia undulata) in the local markets in Bangkok. The sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity of triplex PCR method were also evaluated. Materials and Methods: The 150 frozen shellfishes were purchased from five local markets in Bangkok. Each sample was homogenized, enriched, and prepared for colony counting and isolation. Three Vibrio species were identified according to biochemical tests and then later confirmed by triplex PCR. The accuracy and specificity of triplex PCR were evaluated and compared with conventional tests. The sensitivity of triplex PCR was explained as total count (CFU/mL) of Vibrio species. Results: Using the biochemical test and triplex PCR method in the three Vibrio species of marine shellfishes, 14 and 15 isolates of V. harveyi, 8 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus, and undetectable and 1 isolate for V. vulnificus were identified, respectively. The accuracy of triplex PCR was higher than the conventional method. Triplex PCR was shown to be sensitive as total bacterial count for three Vibrio detection in marine shellfishes was 1.2 × 107-2 × 106 CFU/mL. Conclusions: Triplex PCR assay was higher in sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity, which proved to be convenient, simple, and effective method for Vibrio detection and identification in shellfishes. © 2017 Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health.",2017,"417-422",2,10]
["XMSSZ8YZ","journalArticle",2013,"Kang, C.-H.; Oh, S J; So, J.-S.","Antibiotic Susceptibility of Vibrio spp. Isolated from West Sea","Korean Journal of Microbiology",null,null,"10.7845/kjm.2013.3028","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884331231&doi=10.7845%2Fkjm.2013.3028&partnerID=40&md5=c33c31f1834befa12ed6c5600da524e1","Bacteria of genus Vibrio are Gram-negative, curved, halophilic, nonspore-forming bacteria, autochthonous inhabitans of the marine and estuarine environments. Some of the Vibrio species such as V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. cholerae are associated with human disease. Each year many people have been suffering from food-borne disease caused by the ingestion of seafood. In this study, we have monitored antibiotic resistance of this microorganism in 6 coastal areas of West Sea by sampling shellfish monthly. Vibrio spp. were detected from 23.3% of 120 samples analyzed using TCBS agar plates as well as API 20E kit. Among 16 antibiotics tested, resistance to vancomycin and ampicillin was observed in 82.1% of the isolates, and Vibrio spp. resistant to rifampin (71.4%) and cephalothin (53.6%) were also high. Most of the isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol (92.9%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (92.9%), and tetracycline (96.4%). About 71.4% of the isolates showed multiple drug resistance toward 3 antibiotics including vancomycin and ampicillin. © 2013, The Microbiological Society of Korea.",2013,"146-149",2,49]
["HQ97DXM9","journalArticle",2013,"Wei, Lee Seong; Wee, Wendy; Manan, Zalina Che; Amin, Md Ruhul; Hajisamae, Sukree","A study of Edwardsiella tarda colonizing live Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, from Pasir Mas, Kelantan, Malaysia with the emphasis on its antibiogram, heavy metal tolerance and genetic diversity","Veterinarski Arhiv",{"$nulls":4},"This paper deals with the antibiogram, heavy metal tolerance and genetic properties of Edwardsiella tarda colonizing live Asian Clam, Corbicula fluminea from Pasir Mas, Kelantan, Malaysia. Asian Clam is a popular snack for Malaysians. An antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using the disc diffusion method against 19 types of antibiotics, namely: oxolinic acid, ampicillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, oleandomycin, amoxicillin, colistin sulphate, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, florfenicol, flumequine, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, novobiocin, tetracycline, fosfomycin, spiramycin and compound sulphonamides, whereas heavy metal tolerance of bacteria to Hg2+, Cd2+, Cr6+ and Cu2+ was tested using the two fold agar dilution method. The RAPD PCR profile of the bacteria was characterized using three different types of universal primers. It was found that there were most cases of antibiotic sensitivity (56.1%), followed by antibiotic resistance (38.6%) and antibiotic intermediate sensitivity (5.3%). Only kanamycin was found to be able to inhibit all the bacterial isolates present, whereas other bacterial isolates were resistant to fosfomycin, lincomycin, novobiocin and sulphamethoxazole. Additionally, all bacterial isolates were also resistant to all the heavy metals tested. The bacterial isolates present showed a percentage of genetic similarity ranging from 37.5% to 100%. In conclusion, the findings of the present study revealed that the sampled C. fluminea were highly exposed to antibiotic and heavy metal residues.",2013,"323-331",3,83]
["KF5RBP8V","journalArticle",2015,"Deekshit, V K; Kumar, B K; Rai, P; Karunasagar, I","Differential expression of virulence genes and role of gyrA mutations in quinolone resistant and susceptible strains of Salmonella Weltevreden and Newport isolated from seafood","Journal of Applied Microbiology",null,null,"10.1111/jam.12924",null,"Aims: To investigate the differential expression of virulence genes and role of gyrA mutations in quinolone resistant and susceptible strains of Salmonella isolated from seafood. Methods and Results: Forty Salmonella isolates from seafood were tested for antibiotic sensitivity. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined and two nalidixic acid-resistant isolates, viz Salmonella Weltevreden (SW9) and Salmonella Newport (SN36) were selected for identifying the mechanism of resistance. SW9 showed mutation in the gyrA gene at codon 83 (Ser to Tyr) while SN36 presented at codon 87 (Asp to Asn). Experimental induction of resistance to a sensitive Salm. Newport (SN71) showed point mutation at codon 87 (Asp to Gly) in the gyrA gene, and was designated SN71R. All the isolates resistant to nalidixic acid had a single mutation at different positions in the gyrA gene. However, induction of resistance to a sensitive Salm. Weltevreden (SW30) was exceptional in that it did not show any mutation in the gyrA region. Use of Phe-Arg-beta-naphthylamide (PA beta N) also could not reduce MIC below the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines revealing the absence of efflux mediated resistance. Thus, the resistance mechanism in SW30R is unknown. The growth rate of quinolone resistant isolates was slower than the susceptible ones. The resistant isolates showed decreased epithelial cell invasion and intracellular replication. The mRNA expression levels of some of the genes were significantly (P < 0.005) reduced in SN71R compared to the sensitive strain (SN71). Conclusions: Nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella strains are associated with lower virulence and pathogenicity than the sensitive strains. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provided valuable information on the difference in the growth, cytotoxicity, infectivity and expression of virulence genes in resistant and susceptible strains. Furthermore, the gyrA mutation was shown to be the main mechanism of quinolone resistance in Salmonella other than the overexpression of efflux pumps or the presence of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance genes.",2015,"970-980",4,119]
["JFNBJRA4","journalArticle",2014,"Ahmad, Asmat; Mehat, Nur Diana; Hamid, Rahimi; Usup, Gires","Population Density and Antibiotic Resistant of Bacteria from Bivalve (Perna viridis and Anadara granosa)","Sains Malaysiana",{"$nulls":4},"This study was carried out to know the bacteria population density in the blood cockle (Anadara granosa) and green lipped mussel (Perna viridis), to analyse the bacteria resistance towards antibiotics and antimicrobial activity of isolates against selected pathogen. Samples of blood cockle and green lipped mussel were obtained from five areas in Kedah and Negeri Sembilan. Bacterial population densities in mussels and cockles were 3 x 10(2) - 8 x 10(8) CFU/mL and 5 x 10(2) - 5 x 10(8) CFU/mL, respectively. A total of 162 isolates were obtained, of which 131 isolates were from mussels and 31 isolates were from cockles. Vibrio sp. was the most dominant genus in both types of samples. Antibiotic testing of all isolates showed most were resistant to Penicillin (10 U) and most were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (5 mu g). Most isolates (160/162) showed resistance to at least two antibiotics and 10 isolates were resistant to more than five antibiotics. Multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MAR) were calculated based on the antibiotic resistance results. Most isolates had a MAR index value of 0.2 which indicated the isolates were not contaminated with antibiotic residues. The highest index value was 0.7. Fifteen out of 39 isolates which produced beta-lactamase enzyme were tested for antimicrobial activity against selected pathogen. Results indicated that antimicrobial activity were varies among the isolates. Isolate SMII-Ip produced antimicrobial activity against six out of the nine tested pathogen and none of the isolates active against Pseudomonas mirabilis.",2014,"543-550",4,43]
["86CNQS8F","journalArticle",2018,"Kang, Chang-Ho; Shin, YuJin; Yu, HongSik; Kim, SuKyung; So, Jae-Seong","Antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated Check for from oysters in Korea","MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN",null,null,"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.007",null,"Vibrio parahaemolyticus, found frequently in oysters and other seafoods, is the most prevalent gastroenteritis-causing pathogen in Korea and other Asian countries. It is associated exclusively with the consumption of raw or improperly cooked contaminated seafood, especially oysters. In this study, we isolated and characterized 59 V. parahaemolyticus strains (toxR-positive) from May to October 2016 in shellfish-harvesting areas off the west coast of Korea. The results revealed that none of the isolates contained the tdh and trh toxicity genes. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) value of most isolates was 0.32, but it was as high as 0.69 in one isolate strain. Moreover, when resistance to heavy metals was examined, the majority of the isolates displayed resistance to Ba2+ (98.3%), Co3+ (28.8%), Cd2+ (16.9%), and Cu2+ (13.6%). Interestingly our data revealed that tolerance to heavy metals was prevalent in the V. parahaemolyticus strains with more than two antibiotic resistance phenotypes.","2018-10","69-74",null,135]
["9X926I5W","journalArticle",2016,"Zhong, Lei; Xu, Baohong; Yan, Danfeng; Xiao, Tiaoyi; Liu, Qiaolin","Pathogen Isolation and Pathologic Observation on Explosive Epidemics of Hyriopsis cumingii Lea","TURKISH JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES",null,null,"10.4194/1303-2712-v16_4_21",null,"To perform pathogenic and pathological investigations on explosive epidemics of Hyriopsis cumingii Lea in Hunan Province, China between 2005 and 2011. We isolated pathogenic bacteria SJ-2 from naturally infected Hyriopsis cumingii Lea, and the SJ-2 strain was artificial infected into the normal Hyriopsis cumingii Lea by axe foot injection method. The strain was identified according to conventional bacteriological isolation and identification and molecular biology methods, and pathological changes caused by the bacteria in diseased mussel tissues were observed. According to morphological and culture characteristics, physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rDNA molecular identification, SJ-2 strain shares 99% sequence identity with the type strain of Aeromonas veronii (A. Veronii). Results for antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that among 50 drugs, A. Veronii was highly sensitive to 15 drugs, moderately sensitive to 5 drugs, and showed drug resistance to left drugs. Macroscopical lesions, pathological changes and cytopathology were summarized. The pathogenic bacteria SJ-2 was isolated from Hyriopsis cumingii Lea affected by explosive epidemic disease, and was identified as A. Veronii. SJ-2 strain caused multi-organ lesions and function failure in corresponding organs in the Hyriopsis cumingii Leal, resulting in gradually decreased and disappeared normal physiological metabolism, and eventually death.","2016-12","935-945",4,16]
["QTYP24RL","journalArticle",2014,"Avsar, Cumhur; Berber, Ismet","Plasmid profiling and antibiotics resistance of Escherichia coli strains isolated from Mytilus galloprovincialis and seawater","Journal of Coastal Life Medicine",{"$nulls":4},"Objective: To investigate plasmid DNA profiles and the antibiotic resistance of a total of 41 strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from seawater and mussel collected from 15 different sampling stations in Sinop, Turkey.Methods: Most probable number technique was used for detection of E. coli. Antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were determined by the disc diffusion method. Plasmid DNA of the strains was extracted by the alkaline lyses procedure.Results: According to morphological and physiological properties, it was determined that the isolates belonged to E. coli species. Antibiotic susceptibility of the strains was determined against seven standard drugs using disc diffusion method. All isolates were resistant to bacitracin (100%), novobiocin (100%), ampicillin (12.5%), tetracycline (7.5%), ceftazidime (5%) and imipenem (2.5%), respectively, whereas the strains were susceptible to polymyxin B (100%). The multiple antibiotic resistance values for the strains were found in range from 0.28 to 0.57. In addition, plasmid DNA analyses results confirmed that 22 strains harbored a single or more than two plasmids sized approximately between 24.500 to 1.618 bp. The high-size plasmid (14.700 bp) was observed as common in 21 of all strains.Conclusions: As a result, our study indicated that the Presence of antibiotic resistant E. coli, strains in seawater and mussel might be potential risk for public health issue.",2014,"689-693",9,2]
["6Y8UFQ5F","journalArticle",2019,"Lee, Yi-Hsuan; Tung, Kwong-Chung; Cheng, Jan-Fang; Wu, Zong-Yen; Chen, Shi-Yu; Hong, Yu-Kai; Huang, Yao-Ting; Liu, Po-Yu","Genomic characterization of carbapenem-resistant Shewanella algae isolated from Asian hard clam (Meretrix lusoria)","Aquaculture",null,null,"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.10.028",null,"Shewanella algae is an aquaculture pathogen and an emerging human pathogen. There are increasing reports of carbapenem resistance S. algae from different hosts. However, little is known about the carbapenem-resistant S. algae in aquaculture and the genetic basis of these resistant bacteria in the special niche remains largely unknown. With the progress of sequencing technologies, it became possible to detect the multiple molecular mechanisms leading to antimicrobial resistance using whole genome sequencing data. In this study, we conduct a genome-scale investigation of S. algae SYT4, a carbapenem-resistant bacterium from cultured Asian hard clam in Taiwan. Whole-genome sequencing of Shewanella algae SYT4 was performed using Illumina MiSeq platform. The genome size of Shewanella algae SYT4 is 4,838,024 bp in length. The DNA G + C content is 53.09%. It encodes 4207 proteins and 104 RNA genes. The phylogenetic relationships of S. algae SYT4 and related Shewanella strains were determined using average nucleotide identity and 16S rRNA gene sequence. Candidate genes for antimicrobial resistance and virulence were identified. S. algae SYT4 carries bla(OXA-55) and multiple genes encoding efflux pumps. In addition, genes related to chemotaxis, biofilm formation, and stress response were identified, suggesting potential pathogenic mechanism. We demonstrate that whole-genome sequencing is capable to decipher the resistance determinants of carbapenem-resistant bacterium associated with aquaculture. The panoply of antibiotics resistance genes found suggests the organisms can act as a reservoir of antimicrobial drug resistance determinants in seafood, which is an issue of considerable concern.",2019,"300-304",null,500]
["26D6LBJY","journalArticle",2013,"Maravic, Ana; Skocibusic, Mirjana; Samanic, Ivica; Fredotovic, Zeljana; Cvjetan, Svjetlana; Jutronic, Marinka; Puizina, Jasna","Aeromonas spp. simultaneously harbouring bla(CTX-M-15), bla(SHV-12), bla(PER-1) and bla(FOX-2), in wild-growing Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Adriatic Sea, Croatia","International Journal of Food Microbiology",null,null,"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.07.010",null,"Aeromonas species are becoming renowned as emerging pathogens by increasingly giving rise to a wide spectrum of food and waterborne infections in humans. Another worrisome feature of aeromonads is the growing frequency of antibiotic resistance as a consequence of their prominent diversity in terms of resistance determinants. This study aimed at determining the antimicrobial resistance pattern, prevalence and characterization of acquired beta-lactamases, including extended-spectrum-beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC cephalosporinases, as well as the presence of class 1 and 2 integrons, in Aeromonas isolates from wild-growing Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) of the eastern coast of Adriatic Sea, Croatia. Isolates were tested for susceptibility to 16 antibiotics and beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Cephalosporin-resistant isolates were further screened by PCR for genes encoding Ampc (bla(FOX), bla(CMY), bla(MOX), bla(LAT), bla(BIL), bla(DHA), bla(ACC), bla(MIR), bla(ACT)), ESBLs (bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M), bla(PER), bla(VEB), bla(GES/IBC), bla(OXA)) and integrases (intI1, intI2, intI3). Location of bla genes was characterized by plasmid DNA fingerprinting and Southern blot hybridization. Plasmids carrying ESBL genes were investigated for transferability by conjugation and PCR-based replicon typed. Out of 147 Aeromonas isolates recovered, 30 (20%) demonstrated multiple resistance profile, with co-resistance most frequently detected against penicillins, piperacillin/sulbactam and tetracycline. ESBL-encoding genes were detected in 21 (13 Aeromonas caviae and 8 Aeromonas hydrophila) isolates, with bla(CTX/M-15) gene identified in 19 and bla(SHV-12) in 12 isolates. Among them, 10 isolates simultaneously harboured bla(CTX-M-15) and bla(SHV-12), while 3 isolates additionally carried an AmpC beta-lactamase bla(FOX-2) gene. bla(PER-1) gene was identified in a single isolate also harbouring the bla(CTX-M-15) gene. While bla(SHV-12) was chromosomally encoded, b/am_15 was located on conjugative IncFIB-type plasmids of similar to 40 kb in A. caviae isolates. Ind' and intI2 genes were detected in 57.1% and 333% of ESBL-producing isolates. To the best our knowledge, this is the first report of environmental A. caviae isolates producing CTX-M-15, and isolation of SHV-12-producing A. hydrophila and A. caviae strains worldwide. This is also believed to be the first report of the FOX-2, CTX-M-15 and SHV-12 simultaneous production in aeromonads, highlighting both the potential risk for human health, and a role of these foodborne pathogens as reservoirs of resistance determinants in coastal Marine environment. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",2013,"301-308",2,166]
["SVTF7IVE","journalArticle",2017,"Ryu, A Ra; Park, Kunbawui; Kim, Song Hee; Ham, In Tae; Kwon, Ji Young; Kim, Ji Hoe; Yu, Hong Sik; Lee, Hee Jung; Mok, Jong Soo","Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Shellfish from the West Coast of Korea","Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences",{"$nulls":4},"This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from oysters Crassostrea gigas, short-necked clams Ruditapes philippinarum and corb shells Cyclina sinensis from the West Coast of Korea from June through November 2013. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolated strains of E. coli and V. parahaemolyticus to 12 antimicrobial agents used in Korea for clinical or veterinary therapy were analyzed. Antimicrobial resistance to at least one antibiotic was seen in 52.0% of the E. coli isolates (156 strains) and 44.3% of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates (194 strains). The resistance of the E. coli (34.0%) and V. parahaemolyticus (41.8%) isolates to ampicillin was highest. Multiple antimicrobial resistance against at least three antimicrobials was seen in 9.0% of the E. coli isolates and 1.0% of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates.",2017,"662-668",6,50]
["TTJM79UZ","journalArticle",2007,"Marlina; Radu, Son; Kqueen, Cheah Yoke; Napis, Suhaimi; Zakaria, Zunita; Mutalib, Sahilah Abd; Nishibuchi, Mitsuaki","Detection of TDH and TRH genes in vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from corbicula moltkiana prime in West Sumatera, Indonesia","Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health",{"$nulls":4},"The occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw Corbicula moltkiana Prime from Lake Singkarak and Pasar Raya Padang market and in cooked samples in West Sumatera, Indonesia, was studied. Thirteen raw and seven cooked bivalve samples were positive using CHROMAgarTm Vibrio medium. All 47 V parahaemolyticus isolates were positive for toxR gene but negative for trh. However, 36% (17/47) of V parahaemolyticus strains were positive for tdh gene. Antibiotic profiling showed that 76% and 38% of isolates from raw and cooked bivalves respectively were resistant to ampicillin. Using RAPD-PCR analysis, most of the strains were clustered according to their source of isolation but some of the strains from raw and cooked samples were clustered together. These results indicate that pathogenic V parahaemolyticus isolates are present in Corbicula moltkiana Prime in West Sumatera, Indonesia, suggesting that V parahaemolyticus may also be present in seafood in other regions of Indonesia.",2007,"349-355",2,38]
["XZZI6FY3","journalArticle",2016,"Kim, Tae-Ok; Eom, In-Seon; Park, Kwang-Ho; Park, Kwon-Sam","Antimicrobial Resistance and the Presence of Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Ruditapes philippinarum in Gomso Bay, Korea","Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences",{"$nulls":4},"In total, 151 Escherichia coli isolates from Ruditapes philippinarum in Gomso Bay were analyzed for their susceptibility to 18 different antimicrobial agents and for genes associated with virulence. For virulence genes, each strain of the isolates was positive for the enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)-specific heat-stable toxin (estA), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)-specific invasion-associated locus (iaa) gene and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)-specific attaching and effacing (eae) gene. According to a disk diffusion susceptibility test, resistance to ampicillin was most prevalent (23.2%), followed by resistance to amoxicillin (22.5%), ticarcillin (20.5%), tetracycline (18.5%), nalidixic acid (12.6%), ciprofloxacin (10.6%), streptomycin (9.9%), and chloramphenicol (6.6%). More than 35.8% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, and 19.9% were resistant to four or more classes of antimicrobials; these were consequently defined as multidrug resistant. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges for the antimicrobial resistance of the 15 different antimicrobial agents of 54 E. coli strains were confirmed by varying the concentrations from 32-2,048 [mu]g/mL. Overall, these results not only provide novel insights into the necessity for seawater and R. philippinarum sanitation in Gomso Bay but they also help to reduce the risk of contamination by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.",2016,"800-806",6,49]
["FF6KVH4F","journalArticle",2016,"Yu, Qianqian; Niu, Mengya; Yu, Mengquan; Liu, Yanhong; Wang, Dapeng; Shi, Xianming","Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from retail shellfish in Shanghai","Food Control",null,null,"10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.08.005",null,"Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine and estuarine bacterium that poses the greatest threat to human health worldwide. It has been the leading bacterial cause of seafood-borne illness. This study investigated the prevalence and drug resistance of V parahaemolyticus isolated from retail shellfish in Shanghai. A total of 140 shellfish samples were collected from February 2014 to February 2015. The occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish was 34.3%, which has increased compared to previous reports. In addition, discernible differences of total presumptive V parahaemolyticus counts (TPVPC) were also observed in shellfish between market A and B. The results from PCR assays indicated that thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene was positive in two isolates (2.1%), and the thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin (trh) gene was not detected in all isolates. Antibiotic resistance profiles of those isolates were as follows: ampicillin (87.5%), cephazolin (31.3%), cephalothin (6.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (6.3%), piperacillin (6.3%), and amikacin (3.2%). Thirty-three out of 96 isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. It is suggested that V parahaemolyticus in retail shellfish could be a potential risk to consumers in Shanghai. (c) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.",2016,"263-268",null,60]
["IQLVK6B4","journalArticle",2014,"Mala, Wanida; Chomvarin, Chariya; Alam, Munirul; Rashed, Shah M; Faksri, Kiatichai; Angkititrakul, Sunpetch","MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF VIBRIO VULNIFICUS ISOLATED FROM COCKLES AND PATIENTS IN THAILAND","Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health",{"$nulls":4},"Vibrio vulnificus can cause septicemia, wound infection and gastroenteritis. The most severe infections are related to consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. Virulence genes, biomarkers, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic relationships among V vulnificus isolated from clinical and environmental sources in Thailand have not hitherto been investigated. ViuB encoding vulnibactin siderophore was detected in 33% and 50% of clinical and environmental (cockle) V. vulnificus isolates, respectively, and capsular polysaccharide allele 1 in 67% and 75% of clinical and environmental isolates, respectively. Analysis of the 16 S rDNA gene revealed that type B was the most frequent in both clinical and environmental isolates (67%) whereas the non type-able (30%) was detected only in environmental isolates. The virulence-correlated gene (vcg) with both type C and E together was the most frequently found among the clinical (67%) and environmental (72%) isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis differentiated V. vulnificus into 2 clusters; most cockle samples (83%) and all clinical isolates grouped into cluster II, indicating a possible clonal relationship between V vulnificus isolated from patients and cockles. Only 20% of environmental isolates were resistant to ampicillin. These studies suggest that V. vulnificus isolated from cockles has virulence genes similar to those in clinical isolates and thus may have the potential of causing disease.",2014,"103-112",1,45]
["J9T2F7BM","journalArticle",2016,"Kim, Ji Hoe; 조미라; 박용수; 박큰바위; 권지영; 유홍식; 송기철; 이희정; 오은경; 이태식; 김풍호","Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Shellfish Farms on the West Coast of Korea TT  - 서해안 패류양식장에서 분리된 대장균의 항균제 내성","Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences",{"$nulls":4},"A total of 423 shellfish (Oysters, Crassostrea gigas; short-necked clams, Ruditapes philippinarum and corb shells, Cyclina sinensis) were collected from the west coast of Korea, from which 277 Escherichia coli strains were isolated.The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated strains were analyzed for 22 antimicrobial agents used in Korea for clinical or veterinary therapy. The resistance of E. coli isolates to ampicillin (37.2%) was highest, followed by cephalothin (21.7%), cefazolin (19.9%), trimethoprim (15.2%). Antimicrobial resistance was present in 56.7% of E.coli isolates against at least one antimicrobial agent. Of 277 isolates, 44 (15.9%) were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents.",2016,"13-19",1,49]
["W3LSHLKQ","journalArticle",2002,"Beleneva, I A; Maslennikova, E F","[Opportunistic bacteria detected in cultivated mussels].","Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii, i immunobiologii",{"$nulls":4},"As many as 8 Listeria monocytogenes strains, 12 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and 5 Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from mussels Mytilus edulis, grown on special installations in the Trinity Bay of the Gulf of Peter the Great, the Sea of Japan. The isolated cultures proved to be highly resistant to a number of antibiotics. Many strains displayed DNAase and haemolytic activity. The cultures of L. monocytogenes, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa also had high lipase, protease and lecithinase activity. The organism of the mussels seems to be a confinement for these bacteria under study.",2002,"81-83",2]
["AZA56NJW","journalArticle",2016,"Kang, Chang-Ho; Shin, YuJin; Jang, SeokCheol; Jung, Yeojung; So, Jae-Seong","Antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from oyster in Korea.","Environmental science and pollution research international",null,null,"10.1007/s11356-016-7426-2",null,"Pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus, a cause of severe infection in shellfish, as well as in humans, has been found at high frequency around all coastal areas of Korea. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of V. alginolyticus, to identify the strains isolated from oysters in West Sea, and to investigate their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Biochemical analyses of the 90 initially recovered presumptive V. alginolyticus colonies indicated that 16 isolates were V. alginolyticus. PCR analysis to detect the presence of the gyrB gene confirmed that 15 (93.8 %) of the 16 isolates were V. alginolyticus. These 15 isolates had the following profiles of resistance against 16 antibiotics: all isolates were resistant to ampicillin and vancomycin, and 26.7 % of the isolates exhibited resistance to cephalothin. A large number of isolates showed intermediate resistance to erythromycin (100 %) and rifampin (73.3 %). Five (33.3 %) of the V. alginolyticus isolates demonstrated multiple resistance to at least three antimicrobials.","2016-10","21106-21112",20,23]
["BB65SKJQ","journalArticle",2016,"Kang, Chang-Ho; Shin, YuJin; Kim, WooRi; Kim, YongGyeong; Song, KiCheol; Oh, Eun-Gyoung; Kim, SuKyung; Yu, HongSik; So, Jae-Seong","Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from oysters in Korea.","Environmental science and pollution research international",null,null,"10.1007/s11356-015-5650-9",null,"Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most prevalent gastroenteritis-causing pathogen in Korea and in some other Asian countries. It is frequently found in oysters and other seafood. This study monitored changes in the prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus and environmental parameters in oyster aquaculture environments in Korea. From June to October 2014, we tested oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from shellfish-harvesting areas off the west coast of Korea. These 71 isolates were the sum of 16 (22.5%), 19 (26.8%), 23 (32.4%), and 13 (18.3%) isolates collected in July, August, September, and October, respectively. These 71 isolates had the following profiles of resistance against 16 antibiotics: all isolates were resistant to ampicillin and vancomycin, and 52.2, 50.7, and 50.7% of isolates exhibited resistance to cephalothin, rifampin, and streptomycin, respectively. PCR analysis for the presence of the species-specific toxR gene confirmed that 38 (53.5%) of the total 71 isolated strains were positive for V. parahaemolyticus. In PCR analysis for virulence of V. parahaemolyticus, of the 71 isolates tested in the present study, only 38 (53.5%) were positive for the trh virulence gene and 71 (100%) was negative for the tdh virulence gene.","2016-01","918-926",1,23]
["AVI7EABU","journalArticle",2018,"Park, Kunbawui; Mok, Jong Soo; Ryu, A Ra; Kwon, Ji Young; Ham, In Tae; Shim, Kul Bo","Occurrence and virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seawater and bivalve shellfish of the Gyeongnam coast, Korea, in 2004-2016","MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN",null,null,"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.033",null,"We determined the abundance and virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seawater and bivalves from the Gyeongnam coast in Korea, a major area for the seafood industry, during 2004-2016. V. parahaemolyticus is one of the most common pathogen causing seafood-borne illnesses in Korea, and increases during the summer. Its occurrence in seawater and bivalve samples was seasonally dependent, with high levels during the summer to early autumn. There were more strains in the area of sea continually exposed to inland wastewater. Only 5.1% and 3.5% of V. parahaemolyticus isolates from seawater and bivalves, respectively, had the trh gene, and only the bivalve isolates produced the tdh gene at levels below 2%. Continuous monitoring is clearly needed to reduce seafood-borne outbreaks of disease caused by V. parahaemolyticus, and to reveal the occurrence patterns and the presence of toxic genes of the strains in different marine environments.","2018-12","382-387",null,137]
["GTNKIHK2","journalArticle",2017,"Lo, Yung-Tsun; Wang, Chia-Lan; Chen, Bai-Hsung; Hu, Chung-Wen; Chou, Chung-Hsi","Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella in Market Raw Oysters in Taiwan","JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION",null,null,"10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-16-336",null,"We tested 137 samples of domestic shucked oysters and 114 samples of imported oysters collected from traditional retail markets and supermarkets during 2010 and 2011 in Taiwan for the presence of Salmonella. We obtained a total of 91 Salmonella isolates, representing nine serotypes, from 80 of the domestic samples. We did not find any Salmonella in the imported oysters. The presence of Salmonella contamination tended to be specific to the area from which the oysters were harvested: the Dongshih area had a significantly higher contamination rate (68.8%) than the Budai (20.0%) and Wanggong (9.1%) areas. In addition, the rate of Salmonella contamination was higher in oysters that were packed or sold with water (P < 0.05). The most commonly identified Salmonella serotypes were Saintpaul (26.4%), Newport (22.0%), and Infantis (13.2%). We screened the isolates for susceptibility to nine antimicrobials and compared them genetically by using PCR for the class 1 integron (int1), tetA, tetB, and bla(PSE-1) genes. Eighteen isolates (19.8%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, and the most frequent resistances were those to tetracycline and oxytetracycline (n = 12, 14.3%).We detected the antimicrobial resistance genes int1, tetA, tetB, and b/ap5E4 in 16.5, 26.4, 6.6, and 22.0% of the isolates, respectively. Eleven of the 18 antimicrobial-resistant isolates contained one or two int1 cassettes, suggesting that the presence of intl is highly correlated with antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates from oysters. The consumption of oysters is increasing in Taiwan, and information related to Salmonella contamination in oysters is rather limited. Our results indicate that raw oyster consumption from retail markets in Taiwan is associated with a human health hazard owing to Salmonella, including multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains.","2017-05","734-739",5,80]
["SH776QAQ","journalArticle",2017,"Kang, Chang-Ho; Shin, YuJin; Jang, SeokCheol; Yu, HongSik; Kim, SuKyung; An, Sera; Park, Kunbawui; So, Jae-Seong","Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from oysters in Korea: Resistance to various antibiotics and prevalence of virulence genes.","Marine pollution bulletin",null,null,"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.070",null,"Vibrio parahaemolyticus, found frequently in oysters, is the most prevalent gastroenteritis-causing pathogen in Korea and in several other Asian countries. This study monitored changes in the environmental parameters and occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus in oyster aquaculture sites. Of the 44 presumed V. parahaemolyticus isolates obtained, when tested against 16 antibiotics, 90.9, 86.4, and 75.0% of the 44 isolates exhibited resistance to vancomycin, ampicillin, and streptomycin, respectively. PCR analysis for the presence of the toxR gene confirmed 31 of the 44 isolates as being positive V. parahaemolyticus strains. The toxR positive isolates were tested for the presence of thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh) virulence genes. Only 9.1% toxR positive isolate exhibit the trh gene and none of the isolates were tested positive for tdh. The occurrence of multi drug resistance strains in the environment could be an indication of excessive usage of antibiotics in agriculture and aquaculture fields.","2017-05","261-266","2021-01-02",118]
["AGRQW5PM","journalArticle",2013,"Kang, Chang-Ho; Shin, YuJin; Jeon, HanEul; Choi, Jae-Ho; Jeong, SuYeon; So, Jae-Seong","Antibiotic resistance of Shewanella putrefaciens isolated from shellfish collected from the West Sea in Korea.","Marine pollution bulletin",null,null,"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.025",null,"In this study, we isolated and characterized Shewanella putrefaciens from shellfish harvested from the West Sea in Korea. For the initial isolation of S. putrefaciens, LB agar plates supplemented with ferrous sulfate and sodium thiosulfate were inoculated with shellfish homogenates, incubated for 24h, and then black colonies were selected. Gram-negative and catalase-positive colonies were subsequently confirmed by PCR assays and API 20E kit test system. The Shewanella-specific 16S rRNA and gyrB genes were used to design S. putrefaciens-specific PCR primers. From 6 species of shellfish tested, 24 S. putrefaciens strains were isolated. These 24 isolates had the following profiles of resistance against 16 antibiotics: all the isolates were resistant to cephalothin and vancomycin and 95.8% were resistant to ampicillin. Here, we report the isolation of S. putrefaciens from shellfish and our results point to a new possible route for exposing healthy individuals to S. putrefaciens.","2013-11","85-88","2021-01-02",76]
["KH3J7PLT","journalArticle",2009,"Soonthornchaikul, Nantika; Garelick, Hemda","Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species isolated from edible bivalve molluscs purchased from Bangkok markets, Thailand.","Foodborne pathogens and disease",null,null,"10.1089/fpd.2008.0236",null,"Campylobacter species have been recognized as the most commonly reported cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. The increase of resistance rates to drugs of choice used for treatment in campylobacteriosis is becoming a public health concern. In parallel, the increased use of antimicrobials in aquaculture may lead to the emergence of resistant microorganisms and is likely to cause additional health risk to humans through food consumption. The study assesses the presence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter species isolated from three groups of bivalve molluscs (bloody cockles, green mussels, and oysters) purchased from markets in Bangkok. Thirty samples were collected from each group. Susceptibility to three antimicrobials was determined using the Epsilometer test. Rates of erythromycin, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin resistance in Campylobacter isolates were 72-84%, 28-40%, and 21-25%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of each antimicrobial resistance between the three groups. This study demonstrates a significant level of antimicrobial resistance in the Campylobacter spp. isolated from molluscs with a particular high rate of resistance to erythromycin. Consumption of raw molluscs contaminated with antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter spp. may therefore result in resistant infections in humans.","2009-10","947-951",8,6]
["M6WKJ232","journalArticle",2012,"Jun, Jin Woo; Kim, Ji Hyung; Choresca, Casiano H Jr; Shin, Sang Phil; Han, Jee Eun; Han, Sang Yoon; Chai, Ji Young; Park, Se Chang","Isolation, molecular characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Korean seafood.","Foodborne pathogens and disease",null,null,"10.1089/fpd.2011.1018",null,"The principal objective of this study was to investigate the incidence, risk assessment, antibiotic resistance, and genotyping of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Korean seafood. The incidence of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood obtained from several fish markets in Korea was investigated from May to December of 2009, except between July and September. Two selective mediums (TCBS [thiosulfate, citrate, bile salts, and sucrose] agar and CHROMagar Vibrio) were used, and the V. parahaemolyticus strains were identified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification (Vp. flaE, tl, and toxR). 16S rRNA gene sequencing and their virulence were analyzed via the detection of tdh, trh, ORF8, toxRS/old, and toxRS/new genes. We collected 24 strains of V. parahaemolyticus: 19 seafood isolates, three environmental isolates, and two clinical (human) isolates. Among these strains, two tdh+ strains, two ORF8+ strains, 16 toxRS/old+ strains, and one toxRS/new+ strain were isolated. Twenty-two commercial antibiotics were used to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates, and all the strains evidenced resistance to more than four antibiotics. The strains harboring antibiotic-resistant genes such as TetA (25%) and strB (4.16%) were detected via PCR. Repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence (REP)-PCR analysis revealed differences in the V. parahaemolyticus strains from other species and intraspecific strains.","2012-03","224-231",3,9]

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["Key","Item Type","Publication Year","Author","Title","Publication Title","ISBN","ISSN","DOI","Url","Abstract Note","Date","Pages","Issue","Volume"]
["ZMC3Q8FU","journalArticle",2011,"Phan Thi Phuong, Hoa; Managaki, Satoshi; Nakada, Norihide; Takada, Hideshige; Shimizu, Akiko; Duong Hong, Anh; Pham Hung, Viet; Suzuki, Satoru; Hoa, Phan Thi Phuong; Managaki, Satoshi; Nakada, Norihide; Takada, Hideshige; Shimizu, Akiko; Anh, Duong Hong; Viet, Pham Hung; Suzuki, Satoru","Antibiotic contamination and occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in aquatic environments of northern Vietnam","Science of the Total Environment",null,null,"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.030",null,"The ubiquitous application and release of antibiotics to the environment can result in bacterial antibiotic resistance, which in turn can be a serious risk to humans and other animals. Southeast Asian countries commonly apply an integrated recycling farm system called VAC (Vegetable, Aquaculture and Caged animal). In the VAC environment, antibiotics are released from animal and human origins, which would cause antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). This study evaluated occurrence of ARB in the VAC environment in northern Vietnam, with quantitative analysis of antibiotic pollution. We found that sulfonamides were commonly detected at all sites. In dry season, while sulfamethazine was a major contaminant in pig farm pond (475-6662 ng/l) and less common in city canal and aquaculture sites, sulfamethoxazole was a major one in city canal (612-4330 ng/l). Erythromycin (154-2246 ng/l) and clarithromycin (2.8-778 ng/ml) were the common macrolides in city canal, but very low concentrations in pig farm pond and aquaculture sites. High frequencies of sulfamethoxazole-resistant bacteria (2.14-94.44%) were found whereas the occurrence rates of erythromycin-resistant bacteria were lower (<0.01-38.8%). A positive correlation was found between sulfamethoxazole concentration and occurrence of sulfamethoxazole-resistant bacteria in dry season. The sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates were found to belong to 25 genera. Acinetobacter and Aeromonas were the major genera. Twenty three of 25 genera contained sul genes. This study showed specific contamination patterns in city and VAC environments and concluded that ARB occurred not only within contaminated sites but also those less contaminated. Various species can obtain resistance in VAC environment, which would be reservoir of drug resistance genes. Occurrence of ARB is suggested to relate with rainfall condition and horizontal gene transfer in diverse microbial community. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","2011-07","2894-2901",15,409]
["98QWCY5C","journalArticle",2011,"Dang, Son Thi Thanh; Petersen, Andreas; Van Truong, Dung; Chu, Huong Thi Thanh; Dalsgaard, Anders; Son Thi Thanh, Dang; Petersen, Andreas; Dung Van, Truong; Huong Thi Thanh, Chu; Dalsgaard, Anders","Impact of Medicated Feed on the Development of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria at Integrated Pig-Fish Farms in Vietnam","Applied and Environmental Microbiology",null,null,"10.1128/aem.02975-10","http://aem.asm.org/content/77/13/4494.abstract","Integrated livestock-fish aquaculture utilizes animal excreta, urine, and feed leftovers as pond fertilizers to enhance the growth of plankton and other microorganisms eaten by the fish. However, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria may be transferred and develop in the pond due to selective pressure from antimicrobials present in animal feed, urine, and feces. In an experimental pig-fish farm located in periurban Hanoi, Vietnam, nine piglets were provided feed containing 5 mu g of tetracycline (TET)/kg pig weight/day and 0.45 mu g of enrofloxacin (ENR)/kg pig weight/day during the second and fourth (last) months of the experiment. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the provision of pig feed with antimicrobials and the development of antimicrobial resistance, as measured in a total of 520 Escherichia coli and 634 Enterococcus strains isolated from pig manure and water-sediment pond samples. MIC values for nalidixic acid (NAL) and ENR showed that E. coli and Enterococcus spp. overall exhibited significant higher frequencies of resistance toward NAL and ENR during the 2 months when pigs were administered feed with antimicrobials, with frequencies reaching 60 to 80% in both water-sediment and manure samples. TET resistance for both indicators was high (>80%) throughout the study period, which indicates that TET-resistant E. coli and Enterococcus spp. were present in the piglets before the initiation of the experiment. PCR-based identification showed similar relative occurrences of Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and other Enterococcus spp. in the water-sediment and manure samples, suggesting that Enterococcus spp. isolated in the ponds originated mainly from the pig manure. The development of antimicrobial resistance in integrated animal husbandry-fish farms and possible transfers and the impact of such resistance on food safety and human health should be further assessed.","2011-07","4494-4498",13,77]
["NSYW6E97","conferencePaper",2007,"Wiangyos, Sawitri; Asawapaitoon, Isara; Vuthiphandchai, Verapong; Nimrat, Subuntith","Bacterial diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from bottom soil in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) culture pond",{"$nulls":4},"http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=TH2008000222","Bacterial diversity and incidence of antibiotic susceptibility test was investigated in bacteria isolated from pond bottom soil collected from September to December cultured black tiger shrimp ponds. Results showed that Bacillus was the highest found bacterial diversity during the experiment. Isolated bacteria in this study could be classified into 2 groups as non pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic bacteria. Non pathogens found were Bacillus pumilus, B. subtilis, B. megaterium, Corynebacterium aquaticum, Micrococcus spp., Shewanella putrefaciens and Pseudomonas stutzeri. Pathogenic bacteria were Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, Proteus mirabilis, Chryseomonas luteola, Brevibacillus brevis, Enterobacter aerogenes and Octhrobactrum anthropi. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of isolated bacteria to 14 antimicrobial drugs were further studied. The antibiogram showed that the susceptibility profiles to 14 types of antimicrobial drugs were in a range of 50-92.86 percent. P. mirabilis, P. stutzeri. B. brevis showed the sensitivity to only 7 types of antimicrobial drugs (50 percent) while S. putrefaciens was sensitive to 8 antimicrobial drugs (57.14 percent). The rest of isolated bacteria showed the higher sensitivity pattern to 14 types of antimicrobial drugs for 64.29-92.86 percent. However, different strains of V. cholerae isolated in this study showed the different pattern of antibiograms. V. parahaemolyticus was sensitive to 8 types of antimicrobial dru gs (57.14 percent). Results concluded that there were non pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria accumulated in pond bottom soils all along the culture time. All of non pathogenic bacteria isolated in the present study showed high sensitivity to tested antimicrobial drugs. However, some of pathogenic bacteria demonstrated lower and were varied in antimicrobial sensitivity drugs. As a consequence, the appropriate management of pond bottom soils is required due to pond bottom soils can accumulate pathogenic bacteria and can be a source of those bacteria into pond water and cultured shrimp during cultivation.",2007,"475-82"]
["JK9IPXMT","journalArticle",2003,"Lin, Fang-Lan; Cho, Chung-Lung; Hsu, Ching-Mei; Liu, Zin-Huang","Studies on antibiotics, heavy metal ions and agricultural chemicals resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from environments",{"$nulls":4},"http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=AV20120142589","In the present work, in order to evaluate the seriousness of environmental pollution caused by antibiotics abuse, and by industrial and agricultural pollutants, different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from industrial area, abandoned metal hardware factory, fishery pool, vegetable garden and fruit farm, river mud, and different origins of water bodies in southern Taiwan. The organisms were analyzed for their drug resistance against a variety of antibiotics and agricultural pesticides. They were also analyzed for endurance toward heavy metal ions including mercury, cadmium, arsenic and chromium ions.As the data indicated that, in terms of their resistance to clinical frequently used antibiotics, about 40% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates of the environment have developed resistance against Cefoperazone, about 20% showed resistance against Tobramycin, and only about 4% revealed resistance against Imipenem and Ceftazidime. As to heavy metal ion resistance, about 27% of the environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains demonstrated resistance against mercury ion, and about 10% exhibited resistance against arsenic ions, whereas no resistance was observed toward chromium ions. In terms of resistance to agricultural pesticides, about 36% environmental isolates demonstrated resistance against Paraquat, but none of the tested Pseudomonas aeruginosa show resistance toward Cartap and Methomyl.To sum up the findings, so far only minor portion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquired drug resistance, therefore, immediate measure is required to prevent the spreading of drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa . It is suggested that all the physicians and pharmacists to prescribe antibiotics should be more careful and responsible manner. Meanwhile, it would also call on the restrained usage of pesticides and antibiotics in the livestock and aquatic product industry, and strengthening pollution control in the industrial sector.",2003]
["PKY5V9PH","journalArticle",2018,"Thi Thu Hang, Pham; Rossi, Pierre; Hoang Dang Khoa, Dinh; Ngoc Tu Anh, Pham; Phuong Anh, Tran; To Thi Khai Mui, Ho; Quoc Tuc, Dinh; De Alencastro, Luiz Felippe; Pham, Thi Thu Hang; Rossi, Pierre; Dinh, Hoang Dang Khoa; Pham, Ngoc Tu Anh; Tran, Phuong Anh; Ho, To Thi Khai Mui; Dinh, Quoc Tuc; De Alencastro, Luiz Felippe; Thi Thu Hang, Pham; Rossi, Pierre; Hoang Dang Khoa, Dinh; Ngoc Tu Anh, Pham; Phuong Anh, Tran; To Thi Khai Mui, Ho; Quoc Tuc, Dinh; De Alencastro, Luiz Felippe","Analysis of antibiotic multi-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in the effluent of an intensive shrimp farm (Long An, Vietnam)","Journal of Environmental Management",null,null,"10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.089",null,"In Vietnam, intensive shrimp farms heavily rely on a wide variety of antibiotics (ABs) to treat animals or prevent disease outbreak. Potential for the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria is high, with the concomitant contamination of adjacent natural aquatic habitats used for irrigation and drinking water, impairing in turn human health system. In the present study, quantification of AB multi-resistant bacteria was carried out in water and sediment samples from effluent channels connecting a shrimp farming area to the Vam Co River (Long An Province, Vietnam). Bacterial strains, e.g. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Aeromonas hydrophila, showing multi-resistance traits were isolated. Molecular biology analysis showed that these strains possessed from four to seven different AB resistance genes (ARGs) (e.g. sul1, sul2, qnrA, ermB, tetA, aac(6)lb, dfrA1, dfr12, dfrA5), conferring multidrug resistance capacity. Sequencing of plasmids present within these multi-resistant strains led to the identification of a total of forty-one resistance genes, targeting nine AB groups. qPCR analysis on the sul2 gene revealed the presence of high copy numbers in the effluent channel connecting to the Vam Co River. The results of the present study clearly indicated that multi-resistant bacteria present in intensive shrimp cultures may disseminate in the natural environment. This study offered a first insight in the impact of plasmid-born ARGs and the related pathogenic bacteria that could emerged due to inappropriate antibiotic utilization in South Vietnam. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","2018-05","149-156",null,214]
["KVJ6HFZA","journalArticle",2017,"Kürekci, C; Aydin, Muhsin; Yipel, Mustafa; Katouli, Mohammad; Gündogdu, A; Kurekci, Cemil; Aydin, Muhsin; Yipel, Mustafa; Katouli, Mohammad; Gundogdu, Aycan","Characterization of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in Asi (Orontes) River in Turkey","Journal of Water and Health",null,null,"10.2166/wh.2017.257","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85031709237&doi=10.2166%2Fwh.2017.257&partnerID=40&md5=81e0943a2001e35ec29a9ad8aa26095b","In this study, the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in aquatic environments (the Orontes River and an urban wastewater) was investigated. Fifty-four E. coli strains resistant to cefotaxime were isolated from the river waters and nearby waste water treatment plant and screened for ESBL gene variants, different classes of integrons and sulfonamide resistance genes. The ESBL-producing E. coli strains were further characterized by PhP-typing system, phylogenetic grouping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Of the 54 ESBL-producing strains, 14 (25.9%) belonged to four common PhP types and the remaining were of single types. CTX-M type ESBL genes were identified in 68% of the isolates. The most predominant specific CTX-M subtype identified was blaCTX-M-15 (n = 36), followed by blaCTX-M-1 (n = 1). None of the isolates were SHV and OXA positive. Most of the ESBL positive isolates (n = 37; 68.5%) were harboring sul gene. This study indicates a widespread distribution of CTX-M-15 producing E. coli strains in the surface waters in part of Turkey, suggesting an aquatic reservoir for ESBL genes.","2017-10","788-798",5,15]
["EV7Q27HU","journalArticle",2006,"Dang, Hongyue; Song, Linsheng; Chen, Mingna; Chang, Yaqing","Concurrence of cat and tet genes in multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from a sea cucumber and sea urchin mariculture farm in China.","Microbial ecology",null,null,"10.1007/s00248-006-9091-3",null,"A basic understanding of abundance and diversity of antibiotic-resistant microbes and their genetic determinants is necessary for finding a way to prevent and control the spread of antibiotic resistance. For this purpose, chloramphenicol and multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria were screened from a mariculture farm in northern China. Both sea cucumber and sea urchin rearing ponds were populated with abundant antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially marine vibrios. Sixty-five percent chloramphenicol-resistant isolates from sea cucumber harbored a cat gene, either cat IV or cat II, whereas 35% sea urchin isolates harbored a cat gene, actually cat II. The predominant resistance determinant cat IV gene mainly occurred in isolates related to Vibrio tasmaniensis or Pseudoalteromonas atlantica, and the cat II gene mainly occurred in Vibrio splendidus-like isolates. All the cat-positive isolates also harbored one or two of the tet genes, tet(D), tet(B), or tet(A). As no chloramphenicol-related antibiotic was ever used, coselection of the cat genes by other antibiotics, especially oxytetracycline, might be the cause of the high incidence of cat genes in the mariculture farm studied.","2006-11","634-643",4,52]
["LDSVVSXT","journalArticle",2007,"Neela, Farzana Ashrafi; Nonaka, Lisa; Suzuki, Satoru","The diversity of multi-drug resistance profiles in tetracycline-resistant Vibrio  species isolated from coastal sediments and seawater.","Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)",{"$nulls":4},"In this study we examined the multi-drug resistance profiles of the tetracycline  (TC) resistant genus Vibrio to determine its susceptibility to two beta-lactams, ampicillin (ABPC), and mecillinam (MPC), as well as to macrolide, erythromycin (EM). The results showed various patterns of resistance among strains that were isolated from very close geographical areas during the same year, suggesting diverse patterns of drug resistance in environmental bacteria from this area. In addition, the cross-resistance patterns suggested that the resistance determinants among Vibrio spp. are acquired differently within the sediment and seawater environments.","2007-02","64-68",1,45]
["XJCK2RKZ","journalArticle",2007,"Thavasi, R; Aparnadevi, K; Jayalakshmi, S; Balasubramanian, T","Plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance in marine bacteria.","Journal of environmental biology",{"$nulls":4},"This research work was conducted in Uppanar estuary to ascertain the role of plasmids in the antibiotic resistance of bacteria. Water and sediment samples were collected for a period of three months. When tested against 20 antibiotics 22 MAR strains were isolated from the samples, which were found resistant to 5-13 antibiotics. They belong to 7 genera and 10 species. Gram-negative bacteria namely Neisseria mucosa, N. sicca, Branhamella catarrhalis, Klebsiella ozaenae, Citrobacterintermedius, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Enterobacter aerogenes were isolated. Gram-positive bacteria were of Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium and Micrococcus luteus. When plasmid curing was done using acredine orange, the resistance against penicillin-G, ampicillin, tetracycline, amoxycillin, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol were totally lost in all strains, which confirmed the role of plasmid in these strains against antibiotics. Ten strains belong to different species were selected for the plasmid isolation and electrophoresis was done. Presence of plasmids in all strains was confirmed and the molecular weight was in the range of 2850 to 3170 bp. The study revealed that MAR strains are common in Uppanar estuary and they are plasmid mediated. This environment is seemed to be deteriorating at an alarming rate.","2007-07","617-621",3,28]
["3SBY62BT","journalArticle",2006,"Alam, Munirul; Nur-A-Hasan; Ahsan, Sunjukta; Pazhani, Gururaja Perumal; Tamura, Kazumichi; Ramamurthy, Thadavarayan; Gomes, Donald James; Rahman, Sabita R; Islam, Atiqul; Akhtar, Fahmina; Shinoda, Sumio; Watanabe, Haruo; Faruque, Shah M; Nair, Gopinath Balakrish","Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of Escherichia coli isolated from aquatic environment of Bangladesh.","Microbiology and immunology",{"$nulls":4},"Pathogenic Escherichia coli remains important etiological agent of infantile diarrhea in Bangladesh. Previous studies have focused mostly on clinical strains, but very little is known about their presence in aquatic environments. The present study was designed to characterize potentially pathogenic E. coli isolated between November 2001 and December 2003 from aquatic environments of 13 districts of Bangladesh. Serotyping of 96 randomly selected strains revealed O161 to be the predominant serotype (19%), followed by O55 and O44 (12% each), and 11% untypable. Serotype-based pathotyping of the E. coli strains revealed 47%, 30%, and 6% to belong to EPEC, ETEC, and EHEC pathotypes, respectively. The majority of the 160 strains tested were resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents. Plasmid pro-filing showed a total of 17 different bands ranging from 1.3 to 40 kb. However, 35% of the strains did not contain any detectable plasmid, implying no correlation between plasmid and drug resistance. Although virulence gene profiling revealed 97 (61%) of the strains to harbor the gene encoding heat-stable enterotoxin (ST), 2 for the gene encoding Shiga toxin (Stx), and none for the gene for heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), serotype-based pathotyping of E. coli was not fully supported by this gene profiling. A dendrogram derived from the PFGE patterns of 22 strains of three predominant serogroups indicated two major clusters, one containing mainly serogroup O55 and the other O8. Three strains of identical PFGE profiles belonging to serogroup O55 were isolated from three distinct areas, which may be of epidemiological significance. Finally, it may be concluded that serotype-based pathotyping may be useful for E. coli strains of clinical origin; however, it is not precise enough for reliably identifying environmental strains as diarrheagenic.",2006,"359-370",5,50]
["VZ9SMA49","journalArticle",2005,"Le, Tuan Xuan; Munekage, Yukihiro; Kato, Shin-ichiro","Antibiotic resistance in bacteria from shrimp farming in mangrove areas.","The Science of the total environment",null,null,"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.006",null,"Shrimp farming is a sufficiently large and mature industry to have an effective range of antimicrobial agents for most bacterial diseases in shrimp culture. However, at present, there exists great concern over the widespread use of antibiotics in aquaculture, which may result in residue of antibiotics in water and mud, and subsequently, the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria in the environment. There is limited understanding about the effect of antibiotic residues on bacteria resistance in shrimp farming environment. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate bacterial resistance to Norfloxacin (NFXC), Oxolinic Acid (OXLA), Trimethoprim (TMP) and Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), which were found in four shrimp farming locations in mangrove areas in Vietnam. Findings indicate that there is a relatively high incidence of bacteria resistance to these antibiotics observed in most of the studied sites, particularly to antibiotics with concentration of 0.1 microg/ml. Yet the relation between concentration of antibiotic residues and incidence of antibiotic resistance is not clearly defined. Among individual antibiotics, the incidence of resistance to TMP and SMX was higher than the others. Identification of bacteria isolated from mud samples by DNA analyzer shows that Bacillus and Vibrio are predominant among bacteria resistant to the antibiotics. The result of the study also indicates that these antibiotics in media degraded more rapidly due to the presence of resistant bacteria.","2005-10","95-105","2021-01-03",349]
["P9CUN5XT","journalArticle",2006,"Dang, Hongyue; Zhang, Xiaoxia; Song, Linsheng; Chang, Yaqing; Yang, Guanpin","Molecular characterizations of oxytetracycline resistant bacteria and their resistance genes from mariculture waters of China.","Marine pollution bulletin",null,null,"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.05.011",null,"Oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria were isolated from a mariculture farm in China, and accounted for 32.23% and 5.63% of the total culturable microbes of the sea cucumber and the sea urchin rearing waters respectively. Marine vibrios, especially strains related to Vibrio splendidus or V. tasmaniensis, were the most abundant resistant isolates. For oxytetracycline resistance, tet(A), tet(B) and tet(D) genes were detected in both sea cucumber and sea urchin rearing ponds. The dominant resistance type for V. tasmaniensis-like strains was the combination of both tet(A) and tet(B) genes, while the major resistance type for V. splendidus-like strains was a single tet(D) gene. Most of the sea cucumber tet-positive isolates harbored a chloramphenicol-resistance gene, either cat IV or cat II, while only a few sea urchin tet-positive isolates harbored a cat gene, actually cat IV. The coexistence of tet and cat genes in the strains isolated from the mariculture farm studied was helpful in explaining some of the multi-resistance mechanisms.","2006-11","1494-1503",11,52]
["QUWCH6IM","journalArticle",2019,"Wu, Jinjun; Su, Youlu; Deng, Yiqin; Guo, Zhixun; Cheng, Changhong; Ma, Hongling; Liu, Guangfeng; Xu, Liwen; Feng, Juan","Spatial and temporal variation of antibiotic resistance in marine fish cage-culture area of Guangdong, China.","Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)",null,null,"10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.024",null,"The rapid emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance poses a threat to  human health and to the marine environment. We have investigated the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), during the seedling period, rearing period, and harvesting period in seven marine fish cage-culture areas in Guangdong. Spatial and temporal variations of AGRs and ARB were also analyzed. Culture-based methods and quantitative PCR were used to detect ARB and ARGs. Bacterial resistance rates were no significantly different within farming periods. The proportion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was extremely low (average on 1.15%), except for oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria (average on 34.15%). Vibrio was the most common ARB. Sul1, tetB, and ermB, had the highest relative abundance. The abundance of ARGs in the harvesting period was significant highest. The total abundance of ARGs was highest at Raoping and lowest at Dayawan and Liusha. Most ARGs were associated with opportunistic pathogens. The environmental factors effecting ARB and ARGs are complex, and no key factors were identified. This study provides a theoretical basis for assessing the harmfulness of ARGs and ARB to food safety and human health.","2019-03","463-471",null,246]
["HCETUWPF","journalArticle",2019,"Peng, Tao; Chen, Qing-Kun; Lun, Jing-Sheng; Pratush, Amit; Xiong, Guang-Ming; Huang, Tong-Wang; Hu, Zhong","Isolation and characterization of a marine testosterone-degrading bacterium: Vibrio sp. N3.","Revista Argentina de microbiologia",null,null,"10.1016/j.ram.2018.05.005",null,"Steroids, including testosterone, estrone, 17beta-estradiol, estriol and 17beta-ethinyl estradiol, are harmful not only to the population dynamics of aquatic life forms but also to public health. In this study, a marine testosterone-degrading bacterium (strain N3) was isolated from Nanao Island in the South China Sea. In addition, the strain could also use 17beta-estradiol (E2), 17beta-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), estriol (E3) or cholesterol as a sole carbon source. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain N3 was identified as Vibrio sp. Further characterization showed that the strain is aerobic, gram-negative, and mobile and exhibits resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, penicillin and spectinomycin. For enhancing its capacity of testosterone degradation, the Plackett-Burman factorial design and the central composite design were used to optimize the culture condition. Under optimal conditions, 92% of testosterone was degraded by Vibrio sp. N3 in 48h.","2019-04","170-178",2,51]
["XIXEYMIB","journalArticle",2019,"Liew, Siew Mun; Rajasekaram, Ganeswrei; Puthucheary, Sd Ampalam; Chua, Kek Heng","Antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes of clinical and environmental isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","PeerJ",null,null,"10.7717/peerj.6217",null,"Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is ubiquitous, has intrinsic antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and is associated with serious hospital-associated infections. It has evolved from being a burn wound infection into a major nosocomial threat. In this study, we compared and correlated the antimicrobial resistance, virulence traits and clonal relatedness between clinical and fresh water environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa. Methods: 219 P. aeruginosa isolates were studied: (a) 105 clinical isolates from 1977 to 1985 (n = 52) and 2015 (n = 53), and (b) 114 environmental isolates from different fresh water sources. All isolates were subjected to ERIC-PCR typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and virulence factor genes screening. Results: Clinical and environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa were genetically heterogenous, with only four clinical isolates showing 100% identical ERIC-PCR patterns to seven environmental isolates. Most of the clinical and environmental isolates were sensitive to almost all of the antipseudomonal drugs, except for ticarcillin/clavulanic acid. Increased resistant isolates was seen in 2015 compared to that of the archived isolates; four MDR strains were detected and all were retrieved in 2015. All clinical isolates retrieved from 1977 to 1985 were susceptible to ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin; but in comparison, the clinical isolates recovered in 2015 exhibited 9.4% resistance to ceftazidime and 5.7% to ciprofloxacin; a rise in resistance to imipenem (3.8% to 7.5%), piperacillin (9.6% to 11.3%) and amikacin (1.9% to 5.7%) and a slight drop in resistance rates to piperacillin/tazobactam (7.7% to 7.5%), ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (19.2% to 18.9%), meropenem (15.4% to 7.5%), doripenem (11.5% to 7.5%), gentamicin (7.7% to 7.5%) and netilmicin (7.7% to 7.5%). Environmental isolates were resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam (1.8%), ciprofloxacin (1.8%), piperacillin (4.4%) and carbapenems (doripenem 11.4%, meropenem 8.8% and imipenem 2.6%). Both clinical and environmental isolates showed high prevalence of virulence factor genes, but none were detected in 10 (9.5%) clinical and 18 (15.8%) environmental isolates. The exoT gene was not detected in any of the clinical isolates. Resistance to carbapenems (meropenem, doripenem and imipenem), beta-lactamase inhibitors (ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam), piperacillin, ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin was observed in some of the isolates without virulence factor genes. Five virulence-negative isolates were susceptible to all of the antimicrobials. Only one MDR strain harbored none of the virulence factor genes. Conclusion: Over a period of 30 years, a rise in antipseudomonal drug resistance particularly to ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin was observed in two hospitals in Malaysia. The occurrence of resistant environmental isolates from densely populated areas is relevant and gives rise to collective anxiety to the community at large.",2019,"e6217-e6217",null,7]
["MRBFBH69","journalArticle",2019,"Wu, Jinjun; Mao, Can; Deng, Yiqin; Guo, Zhixun; Liu, Guangfeng; Xu, Liwen; Bei, Lei; Su, Youlu; Feng, Juan","Diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance of bacteria during the seedling  period in marine fish cage-culture areas of Hainan, China.","Marine pollution bulletin",null,null,"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.069",null,"Antibiotic resistance has become an important focus of research in the aquaculture environment. However, few studies have evaluated antibiotic resistance during the seedling period in marine fish cage-culture areas. In this study, culture-dependent methods and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to identify and detect cultivable heterotrophic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), respectively, during the seedling period in a marine fish cage-culture areas of Hainan, China. Bacterial resistance to amoxicillin, erythromycin, and gentamicin was generally high (average on 27.67%, 23.61% and 37.32%, respectively), whereas resistance to furazolidone and nitrofurantoin was generally low (average on 0.14% and 7.425%). Alteromonas (32.72%) and Vibrio (24.77%) were the dominant genus of ARB. Most ARB were opportunistic pathogens, belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria (96.02%). The abundance of sul family genes was higher than that of tet family genes. Overall, the abundance of ARGs and the resistance rates in HW was highest.","2019-04","343-349",null,141]
["34U3DSIC","journalArticle",2018,"Ng, Charmaine; Chen, Hongjie; Goh, Shin Giek; Haller, Laurence; Wu, Zhixin; Charles, Francis Rathinam; Trottet, Aurore; Gin, Karina","Microbial water quality and the detection of multidrug resistant E. coli and antibiotic resistance genes in aquaculture sites of Singapore.","Marine pollution bulletin",null,null,"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.055",null,"Poor microbial water quality jeopardizes the health and safety of food produced by aquaculture farms. Three fish farms and transect sites in Singapore were assessed for microbial water quality and antimicrobial resistance determinants. Of the 33 multidrug resistant E. coli isolated from surface waters of the Johor Straits, 81.8% were ESBL producers. The relative abundance of sul1, qnrA and intI1 genes were higher in sediments than surface waters. Among the surface water samples, higher concentrations (10(-1)-10(1)) of beta-lactamases (blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCTX-M) were detected in the transect sites. This study highlights a potential antimicrobial resistance transmission chain from environmental waters, to animal carriers and humans.","2018-10","475-480",null,135]
["GAF2HA5B","journalArticle",2016,"Stalin, Nattan; Srinivasan, Pappu","Molecular characterization of antibiotic resistant Vibrio harveyi isolated from shrimp aquaculture environment in the south east coast of India.","Microbial pathogenesis",null,null,"10.1016/j.micpath.2016.05.021",null,"Vibrio harveyi is a strategic human pathogen that occurs naturally in marine and  estuarine environments. The pathogen is believed to cause acute septicemia, gastroenteritis, severe necrotizing soft-tissue infection, and high rate of lethality through ingestion of V. harveyi contaminated seafood. In this study, we isolated and characterized V. harveyi from water suspended sediment samples of black tiger shrimp ponds and from the sea coasts, in the east coast of the Bay of Bengal, India. Initial isolations of putative V. harveyi isolates were grown on thiosulfate-citrate-bill salts-sucrose agar (TCBS) plates for 36 h. Gram-negative and oxidase-positive colonies alone were selected and subsequently identified by 12 different conventional biochemical tests. The species specificity was confirmed by 16S rRNA, hemolysin and toxRvh genes were used through PCR targeted primers. Furthermore, genomic fingerprinting was carried out using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting, which showed that all the five V. harveyi were genetically distinct. From a total of 256 samples, a total of five strains of V. harveyi were isolated, of which three were from various shrimp ponds and two were from the coastal area. These five isolates were subjected to profiling against 15 antibiotics and the perusal results emphasized the V. harveyi resistance to ciprofloxacin, penicillin, rifampicin, and vancomycin compared to other tested antibiotics. The present findings were helpful in understanding the multiple antibiotics resistance of V. harveyi, which indicates the urgent need for targeted alternative biocontrol strategies to enhance the prospects of commercially viable shrimp cultivation.","2016-08","110-118",null,97]
["TZA48NBC","journalArticle",2018,"Zhao, Shu; Ma, Licai; Wang, Yuan; Fu, Guihong; Zhou, Junfang; Li, Xincang; Fang, Wenhong","Antimicrobial resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from shrimp mariculture environment along the east coast of China.","Marine pollution bulletin",null,null,"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.017",null,"Environmental antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has drawn increasing attention due to its great risk to human health. The aim of this study was to investigate AMR and genotyping of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates (n=114) recovered from shrimp mariculture environment in China. The isolates exhibited a high rate of resistance to streptomycin (78.9%), ampicillin (64.9%) and gentamicin (53.5%). Furthermore, multi-drug resistance was highly prevalent (61.4%), in which 95.9% of these ampicillin-resistant isolates were primarily mediated by blaCARB-17. Surprisingly, doxycylcine, florfenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) resistance genes occurred in susceptible isolates. Moreover, 114 isolates were grouped into unique pulsed field gel electrophoresis patterns. These findings suggest the need for the prudent use of antimicrobial agents on mariculture farms, in order to control the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant V. parahaemolyticus.","2018-11","164-170",null,136]
["ZI9AMI3L","journalArticle",2010,"Wei, Lee S; Musa, Najiah; Wee, Wendy","Bacterial flora from a healthy freshwater Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) fingerling hatchery with emphasis on their antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance pattern","Veterinarski Arhiv",{"$nulls":4},"This paper describes bacterial flora, the antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from a commercial freshwater Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifier) fingerling hatchery in Terengganu, Malaysia. This study was carried out to provide information on bacterial flora which can be isolated from water samples of freshwater Asian sea bass as well as its antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance pattern. This information may useful for fish farmers for treatment and prophylactic purposes. In the present study, bacteria were isolated from 26 freshwater sea bass fingerling tank water samples using Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), Mac Conkey Agar, Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salt Agar (TCBS), Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB), Glutamate Starch Pseudomonas Agar (GSP), Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar (XLD) and Baird Parker Agar. Bacterial identification was conducted using conventional biochemical tests and confirmed with a commercial bacterial identification kit. The antimicrobial resistance pattern of isolated bacteria was established using a disk diffusion method whereas the heavy metal resistance pattern (mercury, cadmium, chromium and copper) was determined using two fold agar dilution method. The results of the present study showed that Aeromonas spp. (n = 16), Escherichia coli (n = 20), Edwardsiella tarda (n = 8), Pseudomonas spp. (n = 20), Salmonella spp. (n = 24) and Vibrio spp. (n = 20) were successfully isolated and identified. The total colony forming unit (CFU) of bacteria on Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), Mac Conkey Agar, Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salt Agar (TCBS), Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EM B), Glutamate Starch Pseudomonas Agar (GSP), Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar (XLD) and Baird Parker Agar ranged from 1x10(5) to 2.6x10(7) CFU/mL. Overall, the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index indicated that water samples were no under high risk exposure to the tested antibiotics. The antibiotic susceptibility test of bacterial isolates to 17 antibiotics (oxolinic acid 2 mu g, ampicillin 10 mu g, erythromycin 15 mu g, lincomycin 15 mu g, oleandomycin 15 mu g, amoxicillin 25 mu g, sulphamethoxazole 25 mu g, chloramphenicol 30 mu g. doxycycline 30 mu g, florfenicol 30 mu g, flumequine 30 mu g, fosfomycin (50 mu g), kanamycin 30 mu g, nalidixic acid 30 mu g, tetracycline 30 mu g. nitrofurantoin 50 mu g and spiramycin 100 mu g) showed that 75.2% were reported as sensitive cases whereas 19.4% and 5.4% were resistant and intermediately sensitive cases. More than 90% of the bacterial isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, oxolinic acid, florfenicol, nitrofurantoin, flumequine, fosfomycin, tetracycline and doxycycline. On the other hand, all bacterial isolates were resistant to all tested heavy metals except for copper (13.8%).",2010,"411-420",3,80]
["I7LI5XNM","journalArticle",2016,"Stalin, Nattan; Srinivasan, Pappu","Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its specific phage from shrimp pond in Palk Strait, South East coast of India","Biologicals",null,null,"10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.08.003",null,"Phage therapy is an alternative and eco-friendly biocontrol agent to prevent and control multidrug resistant bacteria in the aquatic system. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize the Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its potential lytic phage from Penaeus monodon growing-out by rearing in shrimp ponds in Palk Strait, South East coast of India. The conventional phenotypic characteristics and molecular identification was confirmed using 16S rRNA sequence and to determine the antibiotic resistant profiles. The V. parahaemolyticus phage was effective against V. parahaemolyticus through one-step growth experiments, phage survival was determined by long-term storage at various temperatures and pH. Further, transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that the lytic phage belongs to the Myoviridae family. The isolated lytic phage (VVP1) was more specific against N1A V. parahaemolyticus and was able to infect N7A V. parahaemolyticus, N3B and N13B Vibrio alginolyticus strains. Evaluation of microcosm studies with P. monodon larvae infected with V. parahaemolyticus showed the survival of larvae in the presence of phage treatment at 2.3 x 10(10) PFLI/mL(-1) was enhanced when compared with the control. This study provides the application of phage as a useful strategy to prevent and eliminate or reduce shrimp pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in the aquaculture system. (C) 2016 International Alliance for Biological Standardization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",2016,"526-533",6,44]
["RSRYUJIY","journalArticle",2012,"Neela, Farzana Ashrafi; Rahman, Md Atiquer; Banu, Mst Nasrin Akhter; Rahman, M Habibur; Ohta, Hiroyuki; Alam, M Firoz","OCCURRENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA IN SOME SHRIMP FARMS OF BANGLADESH","Bangladesh Journal of Botany",{"$nulls":4},"Tetracycline (TC) and ampicillin (AMP) resistant bacteria were identified from both fresh and brackish water shrimp farming system, in Bangladesh. Among 78 isolates from freshwater samples, 14.10, 17.95 and 23.8% were found resistant to TC, AMP and TC plus AMP, respectively. On the other hand, isolates from the brackish water samples, the percentages of TC, AMP and TC plus AMP resistant isolates were 10.25, 12.82 and 15.38, respectively. In freshwater samples, the highest percentage of resistant bacteria was Bacillus sp. (38.9), Pseudomonas sp. (22.2), Staphylococcus sp. (16.7), Acinetobacter sp. (11.1), Brevibacillus sp. (5.5) and Enterobacter sp. (5.5). While in brackish water samples dominant resistant bacteria was Bacillus sp. (50) followed by Pseudomonas sp. (16.7), Acinetobacter sp. (16.7), Enterobacter sp. (8.3) and Microvirgula sp. (8.3).",2012,"197-200",2,41]
["RAJG2BJG","journalArticle",2007,"Agerso, Yvonne; Petersen, Andreas","The tetracycline resistance determinant Tet 39 and the sulphonamide resistance gene sulII are common among resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolated from integrated fish farms in Thailand","Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy",null,null,"10.1093/jac/dkl419",null,"Objectives: To determine the genetic basis for tetracycline and sulphonamide resistance and the prevalence of class I and II integrons in oxytetracycline-resistant Acinetobacter spp. from integrated fish farms in Thailand. Methods: A total of 222 isolates were screened for tetracycline resistance genes [tet(A), tet(B), tet(H), tet(M) and tet(39)] and class II integrons by PCR. One hundred and thirty-four of these isolates were also sulphonamide resistant and these isolates were screened for sulphonamide resistance genes (sulII and sulIII) as well as class I integrons. Plasmid extraction and Southern blots with sulII and tet(39) probes were performed on selected isolates. Results: The recently identified tetracycline resistance gene tet(39) was demonstrated in 75% (166/222) of oxytetracycline-resistant Acinetobacter spp. from integrated fish farms in Thailand. Isolates that were also sulfamethoxazole-resistant contained sulII (96%; 129/134) and/or sulI (14%; 19/134) (as part of class I integrons). sulII and tet(39) were located on plasmids differing in size in the isolates tested. Conclusions: The study shows tet(39) and sulII to be common resistance genes among clonally distinct Acinetobacter spp. from integrated fish farms and these bacteria may constitute reservoirs of resistance genes that may increase owing to a selective pressure caused by the use of antimicrobials in the overlaying animal production.",2007,"23-27",1,59]
["U4C94RVK","journalArticle",2012,"Matyar, Fatih","Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Bacteria Isolated from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea Coast","Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology",null,null,"10.1007/s00128-012-0726-4",null,"In this study it aimed to determine the microbial diversity, level of antibiotic resistance patterns and distribution of heavy metal resistance of bacterial isolates from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea coast. The resistance of 255 Gram-negative bacterial isolates to 16 different antibiotics and to 5 heavy metals was investigated. The most common strains isolated from all samples were Citrobacter koseri (9.0 %), Escherichia coli (8.2 %) and Pantoea agglomerans (8.2 %). Our results revealed a high incidence of resistance to ampicillin (74.0 %), streptomycin (70.0 %) and cefazolin (48.3 %). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranged from 0.2 to 0.75. Isolates showed tolerances to different concentrations of heavy metals. Our results show that the Eastern Mediterranean Sea coast has a significant proportion of antibiotic and heavy metal resistant pathogens, or opportunist Gram-negative bacteria, and these bacteria may result in a potential public health hazard.",2012,"551-556",3,89]
["SL5L86W3","journalArticle",2018,"Sivaraman, G K; Vanik, D; Prasad, M M; Visnuvinayagam, S; Basha, K A; Nadella, R K; Jha, A K; Vaja, C","Detection of Chromosomal AmpC, bla CTX-M in Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli in Seafood Processing Effluent","Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B - Biological Sciences",null,null,"10.1007/s40011-017-0868-6","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052220810&doi=10.1007%2Fs40011-017-0868-6&partnerID=40&md5=dba873bcd08602bd8657e8dc58a6e528","The higher incidence of extended spectrum of beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in various community triggers to investigate the ESBL prevalence in seafood and its environment. A total of 24 fish processing effluent samples were collected fortnightly during January 2015–Dec 2015 and screened for ESBL producing E. coli. Twenty-eight E. coli strains were subjected to antibiogram and minimum inhibitory concentration. The ESBL production was tested using ready-made Brilliance ESBL agar (# PO5302, Oxoid) and ready to use minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) strips, Triple ESBL detection Ezy MIC™ strip and ESBL and AmpC detection strip. Out of 28 isolates, four isolates of E. coli were confirmed as ESBL producers and expressed resistance to antimicrobial agents like Cefuroxime, Amoxyclav, Ceftizoxime, Cefotaxime and Cefoperazone. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay confirmed the genes responsible for resistance were bla CTX-M families (592 bp) and Chromosomal AmpC (191 bp). The CTX-M genes have the ability to hydrolyze the Cefotoxime and Ceftazidime antimicrobials and are currently one of the largest groups of beta-lactamases. AmpC gene can be chromosomal or plasmid mediated and confers resistance to Cephalothin, Cefazolin, Cefoxitin and it also mediates resistance to beta-lactamase inhibitors. The present investigation shows proliferation of clinically evolved multi drug resistant bacteria such as ESBL producing E. coli into non clinical settings such as fisheries. It is further suggested that fecal contamination as well as unhygienic treatment of fish processing waste followed by disposal to the surrounding environment may act as the potential source of contamination. © 2017, The National Academy of Sciences, India.",2018,"1265-1273",3,88]
["VKJ7A8LB","journalArticle",2017,"Andayani, S; Yuniarti, A","Characteristic and patogenicity of Vibrio indigenous shrimp ponds","Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences",{"$nulls":3},"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85025471950&partnerID=40&md5=4696645edf6e0174f39a06cc5e0c5d19","Vibriosis remains a significant problem in the shrimp farming industry in Indonesia. We had isolated four Vibrio indigenous from the shrimp ponds in Java and Bali. This study was intended to characterize those vibrios including their antibiotics resistance, growth character, production of extracellular enzyme and in vivo pathogenity on shrimp. By morphological, biochemical and molecular studies, JP135 and TB651 were confirmed as Vibrio algynoliticus, BL 120 as Vibrio sp and ST112 as V. vulnificus. All isolate was susceptible to antibiotic Streptomycin, Neomycin, Oxytetracycline, Sulphamethaxone, Ciproflaxin and Gentamycin. Antibiotic resistances were recorded on Penicillin, Amphicillin, Chlorampenicol and Erythromycin. Growth characters that were plotted to Logistic model revealed that TB651 had the highest potential to become virulent. Study on phospholipase, lipase, protease dan haemolysin productions showed that all Vibrio was able to produce those in various categories. In vivo pathogenicity on vannamei revealed that LD50 of the Vibrio ranged from 2.3 × 105 to 6.2 × 106 CFU.g-1. In line with the results of the growth character and production of protease, TB651 was recorded as the most virulent isolate. This study provides an information for control and prevention efforts in the future. © Global Science Publications.",2017,"274-283",2,19]
["3XEKDNGR","journalArticle",2017,"Yuan, K; Wu, J; Zhu, C","Analysis of microbial antibiotic resistance genes in sediment of aquaculture pond","Huanjing Kexue Xuebao/Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae",null,null,"10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2017.0158","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047859332&doi=10.13671%2Fj.hjkxxb.2017.0158&partnerID=40&md5=a56ff3e7d3127cfeb9d02d3501c1ef71","Antibiotics abuse in aquaculture industry has been promoting the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The aim of the study presented here was to investigate the ARGs pollution status in the aquaculture environment of Hangzhou area. Sediment samples were collected from the fish pond. The concentrations of sulfonamide, tetracycline, quinolone and chloramphenicol were checked initially and 74 bacterial isolates were picked up from the samples. The antibiotic resistance-related genes corresponding to the testing antibiotics within all the isolates were amplified, and the PCR results indicated that sulII, qnrS, floR and the integrase encoding gene (intI) of class 1 integrons could be detected in the isolates, with the highest detection rate of 50.00% for qnrS. No tetA gene was detected. Furthermore, based on 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, the bacterial isolates were classified into 12 genera and 19 species, including a variety of indigenous bacteria in the environment as well as some pathogenic bacteria. Among them, Aeromonas spp. were the predominant population with the largest number of 29 (accounting for 39.19% of isolates). Comprehensive understanding of the ARGs pollution status in aquaculture environment is of great importance to ARGs transmission control, food safety and micro-ecological protecting. © 2017, Science Press. All right reserved.",2017,"3649-3655",10,37]
["9MG9IKWL","journalArticle",2016,"Sivaraman, G K; Visnuvinayagam, S; Jha, A K; Renuka, V; Remya, S; Vanik, D","Assessment of microbial quality of fish processing industrial effluent in bar-month at Bhidia landing site, Veraval, Gujarat, India","Journal of Environmental Biology",{"$nulls":3},"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84984573034&partnerID=40&md5=7cf4a42105fd48559b0a2655ffec1c65","The present study was carried out to assess the microbial quality of fish processing industries effluent at Bhidia bar- mouth, Veraval, Gujarat during April, 2012 to March 2013. The total viable bacterial count (TVBC), total Enterobacteriaceae count, E. coli count (EC), Staphylococcus aureus and Fecal Streptococcal count in effluent ranged from 3.0 × 10 1 to 6.8 × 10 6 , 9.0 × 10 1 to 2.9 × 10 4 , 0 to 0.5 × 10 4 , 0 to 0.4 × 10 2 and 0.3 × 10 1 to 0.1 × 10 4 cfu.ml -1 , respectively. Significantly higher load of TEC, E.coli, S.aureus, Fecal Streptococci, Total coliforms and Fecal coliforms were higher during summer whereas, TVBC was higher in the month of Sept.-Oct. Furthermore, the total coliform and fecal coliform counts were found to be higher with 1400+ /100ml MPN value throughout the year of the study, except in the month of August. Overall occurrence of pathogenic strains of E.coli, S.aureus and Fecal streptococci were 41.67%, 25.00% and 66.67% respectively during this period. The antibiogram of the isolated E.coli isolates show that almost 50% were resistant to Cefazidime/ Clavulanic acid (CAC), Amoxyclav (AMC), Ciprofloxacin (CIF) and Ampicillin (AMP). The present study indicated that the effluent of fish processing industry was heavily contaminated with E. coli, S. aureus and Fecal Streptococci which confirmed improper treatment of fish processing effluent. Moreover, the precedence of antibiotic resistant E.coli may pose threat to public health safety. © Triveni Enterprises.",2016,"537-541",4,37]
["7MXS9MS3","journalArticle",2000,"Teo, J W P; Suwanto, A; Poh, C L","Novel β-lactamase genes from two environmental isolates of Vibrio harveyi","Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy",null,null,"10.1128/AAC.44.5.1309-1314.2000","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034007453&doi=10.1128%2FAAC.44.5.1309-1314.2000&partnerID=40&md5=e701486bf04dd960e623908075f595a5","Two ampicillin-resistant (Amp(r)) isolates of Vibrio harveyi, W3B and HB3, were obtained from the coastal waters of the Indonesian island of Java. Strain W3B was isolated from marine water near a shrimp farm in North Java white HB3 was from pristine seawater in South Java. In this study, novel β- lactamase genes from W3B (bla(VHW-1)) and HB3 (bla(VHH-1)) were cloned and their nucleotide sequences were determined. An open reading frame (ORF) of 870 bp encoding a deduced protein of 290 amino acids (VHW-1) was revealed for the bla gene of strain W3B while an ORF of 849 bp encoding a 283-amino-acid protein (VHH-1) was deduced for bla(VHH-1). At the DNA level, genes for VHW-1 and VHH-1 have a 97% homology, while at the protein level they have a 91% homology of amino acid sequences. Neither gene sequence showed homology to any other β-lactamases in the databases. The deduced proteins were found to be class A β-lactamases bearing low levels of homology (<50%) to other β- lactamases of the same class. The highest level of identity was obtained with β-lactamases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, i.e., PSE-1, PSE-4, and CARB-3, and Vibrio cholerae CARD-6. Our study showed that both strains W3B and HB3 possess an endogenous plasmid of approximately 60 kb in size. However, Southern hybridization analysis employing bla(VHW-1) as a gene probe demonstrated that the bla gene was not located in the plasmid. A total of nine ampicillin-resistant V. harveyi strains, including W3B and HB3, were examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of NotI-digested genomic DNA. Despite a high level of intrastrain genetic diversity, the bla(VHW-1) probe hybridized only to an 80- or 160-kb NotI genomic fragment in different isolates.",2000,"1309-1314",5,44]
["UR49A8KH","journalArticle",2006,"Rauoof Chalkoo, S","A comparative study on growth, survival and antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas salmonicida collected from Wular lake and River Jhelum in Kashmir Valley (India)","Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia",{"$nulls":3},"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33947721207&partnerID=40&md5=51251838c3374787b79e8c3055a00883","A. salmonicida is a gram negative bacterium, which is found in natural conditions in all strata of water and mud. Quantitative estimation of bacteria collected from diseased fish, bottom mud and water gave different results. Bacterial samples were collected from Wular Lake and River Jhelum and ascertained for growth patterns, survival in differential media, and finally antibiotic resistance. The experimental analysis of the bacteria A. salmonicida, collected from Wular Lake and River Jhelum, showed variations in biochemical analysis. The bacteria from bottom sediments showed normal growth patterns even at 4°C on CBB media. This may be attributed to the adaptation against low temperature at the bottom of river or lake. The current research was aimed at the study on growth, survival and antibody resistance of Aeromonas salmonicida collected from water and mud samples of Wular Lake and River Jhelum. The bacterial strains showed variations in biochemical analysis when compared to Bergey's Manual as per Austin and Austin, 1996. The bacteria also showed variations to resistance and susceptibility to 14 antibiotics used during the current study.",2006,"189-196","01:00:00",3]
["5XBGANR9","journalArticle",2014,"Khanom, U S; Sharmeen, S; Ferdouse, J; Shumi, W; Abdu, A; Hamid, H A; Hossain, M A","Determination of pond water quality for aquaculture and ecosystem management","Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment",{"$nulls":3},"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908674168&partnerID=40&md5=204a98f562e925bbb15fab0ed7d9c119","Fish is the main source of animal protein for the common people of Bangladesh. About 37% of the inland fishes are obtained from the closed water fish culture where ponds play vital roles in the production system. The present study was carried out to determine the water quality (physicochemical and biological factors) of five uncultivated or under cultivated ponds in the Chittagong University campus, Bangladesh, for aquaculture and ecosystem management. Temperature, pH, EC, BOD, COD, TSS, turbidity, NO2-, PO4-, free CO2, CO3-, HCO3-, Cl-, total viable bacterial count and total coliform were determined. Isolation and identification of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. from the water samples were performed to investigate the antibiotic sensitivity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against ciprofloxacin was also investigated. The findings reveal that there was no significant difference in temperature (19°C to 20°C), pH (6.7 to 7.4), electrical conductivity and Cl- values in the water among the ponds and that was within the range of the requirements for the fish cultivation. Both turbidity and total dissolved solids was highest in the uncultivated botanical garden pond 2 (BGP2). BOD, COD, NO2-, PO-24,HCO3-, and free CO2 concentration was beyond the permissible limits for aquaculture. Total viable count and total coliform ranged from 1.32 × 104 to 6.6 × 105 cfu ml-1 and from 0.0205×102 to 1.10×102 ml-1 respectively, among the ponds where both these parameters were highest in the naturally polluted BGP2. Most of the isolated E. coli and Salmonella sp. were sensitive but few showed resistance against the antibiotics, especially in BGP1, where fishes were cultivated commercially. © 2014 World Food Ltd. and WFL Publishers. All rights reserved.",2014,"389-394","2021-03-04",12]
["FA6SAHCW","journalArticle",2011,"Parvathi, A; Mendez, D; Anto, C","Distribution of Putative Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Vibrio harveyi","Indian Journal of Microbiology",null,null,"10.1007/s12088-011-0128-z","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960053050&doi=10.1007%2Fs12088-011-0128-z&partnerID=40&md5=4a9140a04e7ab84e59145fb9e8b25bd9","The marine-estuarine bacterium Vibrio harveyi is an important pathogen of invertebrates, most significantly, the larvae of commercially important shrimp Penaeus monodon. In this study, we analyzed V. harveyi isolated from shrimp hatchery environments for understanding the distribution of putative virulence genes and antimicrobial drug resistance. The putative genes targeted for PCR detection included four reversible toxin (Rtx)/hemolysin genes, a gene encoding homologue of Vibriocholerae zonula occludens toxin (Zot) and a hemolysin-coregulated protein gene (hcp) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the four putative reversible toxin genes, vhh-1 was detected in 31% of the isolates, vhh-2 in 46%, vhh-3 in 23% and vhh-4 was detected in 27% of the isolates. A zot-like sequence of bacteriophage f237 was present in 15%, while hcp sequence was detected in 48% of the isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed resistance to several groups of antibiotics including β-lactams, cephalosporins, macrolides, quinolones, nitrofurantoin and tetracycline. © 2011 Association of Microbiologists of India.",2011,"332-337",3,51]
["MXXEWT4Q","journalArticle",2011,"Su, Hao-Chang; Ying, Guang-Guo; Tao, Ran; Zhang, Rui-Quan; Fogarty, Lisa Reynolds; Kolpin, Dana W","Occurrence of antibiotic resistance and characterization of resistance genes and integrons in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from integrated fish farms in south China","Journal of Environmental Monitoring",null,null,"10.1039/c1em10634a",null,"Antibiotics are still widely applied in animal husbandry to prevent diseases and used as feed additives to promote animal growth. This could result in antibiotic resistance to bacteria and antibiotic residues in animals. In this paper, Enterobacteriaceae isolated from four integrated fish farms in Zhongshan, South China were tested for antibiotic resistance, tetracycline resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, and class I integrons. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were carried out to test antibiotic susceptibility and resistance genes, respectively. Relatively high antibiotic resistance frequencies were found, especially for ampicillin (80%), tetracycline (52%), and trimethoprim (50%). Out of 203 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 98.5% were resistant to one or more antibiotics tested. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was found highest in animal manures with a MAR index of 0.56. Tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(C)) and sulfonamide resistance genes (sul2) were detected in more than 50% of the isolates. The intII gene was found in 170 isolates (83.7%). Both classic and non-classic class 1 integrons were found. Four genes, aadA5,aadA22,dfr2, and dfrA17, were detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report for molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from integrated fish farms in China and the first time that gene cassette array dfrA17-aadA5 has been detected in such fish farms. Results of this study indicated that fish farms may be a reservoir of highly diverse and abundant antibiotic resistant genes and gene cassettes. Integrons may play a key role in multiple antibiotic resistances posing potential health risks to the general public and aquaculture.",2011,"3229-3236",11,13]
["TVDQU8Y2","journalArticle",2001,"Otta, S K; Karunasagar, I","Bacteriological study of shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, hatcheries in India","Journal of Applied Ichthyology",{"$nulls":4},"Shrimp hatcheries often face problems of mortality caused by diseases. To understand the bacteriological status of shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, hatcheries in India, a study of hatchery water at different points was conducted in several hatcheries located along the cast and west coast of India. The species composition of the bacterial flora was also determined. The total plate counts of raw sea water on tryptic soya agar ranged from 10(2) to 10(4) ml(-1), whereas it ranged from 104 to 10(6) ml (1) in larval tanks. In the larval tanks, the proportion of Vibrio species ranged from 50% to 73%, as compared to 31% in raw sea water. A mixed bacterial flora was observed in hatchery water; however, in the larval tanks, the flora in the larvae was predominantly made up of Vibrio species. A few of the tested Vibrio isolates were non-virulent to shrimp larvae under experimental conditions. Over 90% of the strains were resistant to amoxycillin, ampicillin, cephalexin, cephazolin, cloxacillin and sulphafurazole. Most strains showed sensitivity to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and quinolones such as norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin.",2001,"59-63",2,17]
["4LZRZG32","journalArticle",2017,"Mishra, Rupesh Kumar; Verma, Dev Kumar; Ravindra; Yadav, Manoj Kumar; Pradhan, Pravata Kumar; Swaminathan, T Raja; Sood, Neeraj","Bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance in a wetland of Lakhimpur-Kheri, Uttar Pradesh, India","JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY",null,null,"10.22438/jeb/38/1/MS-117",null,"Aim : Knowledge about the structure of microbial community is essential to assess the risks of exposure of farmed fish to pathogens and studying the antibiotic resistance. The present study was carried out to assess the bacterial diversity in a freshwater ecosystem. Methodology: In the present study, microbial composition of a wetland in Lakhimpur-Kheri (N 27 degrees 90.25' and E 80 degrees 79.80'), Uttar Pradesh was assesesed employing amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRAI using Haelll enzyme as well as 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Furthermore, antibiotic resistance of the bacterial isolates was determined on the basis of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index. Results : A total of one hundred and thirty five bacteria were isolated and the restriction analysis of amplified 16S rDNA gene of the above isolates, using Haelll enzyme, indicated that isolated bacteria belonged to 33 single member phylotypes. Molecular characterization of the isolates revealed that these phylotypes belonged to 20 genera under 6 classes viz., Gammaproteobacteria (72.59%), Betaproteobacteria (4.44%), Flavobacteria (9.63%), Bacilli (7.41%) Actinobacteria (3.70%) and Sphingobacteria (2.22%). In the present study, four species i.e. Sphingobacterium kitahiroshimense, Yersinia nurmii, Pseudomonas koreensis and Vogesella alkaliphila have been reported for the first time from a wetland. The antibiotic sensitivity test indicated that most of the isolates were sensitive to norfloxacin followed by ofloxacin, whereas, majority of these bacteria were resistant to penicillin G followed by polymyxin B. Moreover, MAR indexing revealed that amongst the 33 single member phylotypes, 17 were multiple antibiotic resistant. Interpretation : The bacterial diversity analysis of the wetland indicated bacterial population of aquatic, soil, animal and plant origin. Moreover, the study indicated that wetland can be a reservoir for multidrug resistant bacteria even when there is no application of antibiotics for aquaculture purposes. It can be assumed that the occurrence of antibiotic resistance and MAR among bacteria isolated from wetland could be due to flow of runoff from mainland. These results would help in strengthening our knowledge of bacterial ecology of the wetland ecosystem.","2017-01","55-66",1,38]
["3K79W3NW","journalArticle",2015,"Neela, Farzana Ashrafi; Banu, Mst Nasrin Akhter; Rahman, Md. Atiqur; Rahman, M Habibur; Alam, M Firoz","Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Pond Water Associated with Integrated Poultry-Fish Farming in Bangladesh","SAINS MALAYSIANA",null,null,"10.17576/jsm-2015-4403-08",null,"The use of antibiotics in poultry feed can cause antibiotic resistance in integrated poultry-fish farming pond environment. Therefore, the goal of this study was to monitor the prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria in pond water associated with poultry-fish farming in Bangladesh. The results showed that the prevalence rate of tetracycline (TC) and ampicillin (AMP) resistant bacteria were 0.24 to 2.59% and 0.16 to 1.0%, respectively. The higher prevalence rate of TC and AMP-resistant bacteria was found in site 3 followed by site 4 and 2 compared with control site 1. Site 2, 3 and 4 were adjacent to the integrated poultry farm. On the other hand, higher TC and AMP-resistant bacteria were found in the rainy season than in the winter. The minimum inhibitory concentration result showed quite high level of TC and AMP-resistant bacterial distribution in the pond water. Seven genera of resistant bacteria were identified in pond water samples by 16S rRNA gene analysis. Among them Acinetobacter sp. was predominant followed by Enterococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus, Staphylococcus sp., Enterobacter sp. and Brevibacillus sp.","2015-03","371-377",3,44]
["LR7DWDH7","journalArticle",2017,"Silvester, Reshma; Alexander, Deborah; George, Maya; Hatha, A A M","Prevalence and multiple antibiotic resistance of Vibrio coralliilyticus, along the southwest coast of India","CURRENT SCIENCE",null,null,"10.18520/cs/v112/i08/1749-1755",null,"Samples from two different estuaries (Cochin and Kumarakom) and a shrimp farm located along the southwest coast of India were analysed for the presence of Vibrio species. V. coralliilyticus, a global marine pathogen had high prevalence in all the three sources. The incidence of V. coralliilyticus was very high in the Cochin estuary (40%) when compared to the shrimp pond (20%) and Kumarakom estuary (19%). The susceptibility of V. coralliilyticus strains to 20 different antibiotics and their plasmid profiles were also checked. All the tested strains exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance, showing resistance towards 5-9 antibiotics tested. Resistance was shown towards amoxycillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, oxytetracycline, trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, sulphamethoxasole, erythromycin, while all the strains were sensitive to streptomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, netillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxasole, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Multiple antibiotic resistance index varied from 0.25 to 0.55. Forty-three per cent of the isolates harboured 1-3 plasmids, with size ranging from 0.5 to 33 kb. Thus the present study demonstrates the high incidence, multiple antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiling of V. coralliilyticus from the southwest coast of India.","2017-04","1749-1755",8,112]
["UJNP2XMD","journalArticle",null,"Divyashree, M; Kumar, Deekshit Vijaya; Ballamoole, Krishna Kumar; Shetty, Veena A; Chakraborty, Anirban; Karunasagar, Indrani","Occurrence of antibiotic resistance among gram-negative bacteria isolated from effluents of fish processing plants in and around Mangalore","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH",null,null,"10.1080/09603123.2019.1618799",null,"The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in seafood not only poses a serious health risk for the consumers but also contributes to the spread of these antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the natural environments through the effluents discharged from the fish processing plants. The aims of this study were to isolate Gram-negative bacteria from the effluents of fish processing plants in and around Mangalore, India and to profile their antibiotic resistance pattern. Maximum resistance was seen for ampicillin (40.78%) followed by tetracycline (40.22%) and nitrofurantoin (29.05%). Further, the detection of genes that contribute to antibiotic resistance revealed the presence of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes (bla (CTX-M), bla (TEM)) in a few isolates. The presence of such bacteria in fish processing effluents is a matter of great concern because they can contribute significantly to the antibiotic resistance in the natural environment. It is imperative that seafood processing plants follow the safe disposal of effluents in order to reduce or eliminate the antibiotic resistance menace."]
["G7GM5UNV","journalArticle",2017,"Huang, Lu; Xu, Yan-Bin; Xu, Jia-Xin; Ling, Jia-Yin; Chen, Jin-Liang; Zhou, Jia-Le; Zheng, Li; Du, Qing-Ping","Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in duck and fish production ponds with integrated or non-integrated mode","CHEMOSPHERE",null,null,"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.096",null,"Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging micropollutants with environmental persistence. Aquaculture environments are considered as potential reservoirs for ARGs pollution and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). This study analyzed water and sediment from eight culture ponds (integrated culture: duck-fish pond; monoculture: duck pond and fish pond) and a control pond (without any aquaculture activity) in Zhongshan, South China. Seventeen types of ARGs were detected in all ponds, which conferring resistance to four classes of antibiotics including tetracycline (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetE, tetG, tetL, tetA-P, tetM, tetO, tetS, tetW and tetX), AmpC beta-lactamase products (EBC and FOX), sulfonamide (sul1 and sul2) and erythromycin (ermA), with class 1 integron (intl1) as motility gene. The total concentrations of detected ARGs in culture pond water were much higher than control (about 1.6-4.0 times). Integrated culture showed lowest absolute abundance of Sigma ARGs in water (3.686 x 10(7) copies mL(-1)) and the highest in sediment (4.574 x 10(8) copies g(-1)). Monoculture ponds showed higher relative abundance of Sigma ARGs both in water (fish pond: 0.5149) and sediment (duck pond: 0.4919). As the main contributor to the ARGs abundance and significant correlations with Sigma tet, Sigma ARGs and intl1 (P < 0.01), tetA was suggested to be a potential indicator for the abundance of tetracycline resistance genes in these classes of aquaculture modes in the Pearl River Delta. This study provides a case for the ARGs abundance in aquaculture and as a reference for the upcoming health risk assessment in aquatic environment. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","2017-02","1107-1114",null,168]
["NYNV4QCJ","journalArticle",2014,"Zhang, Wanru; Na, Guangshui; Lu, Zihao; Gao, Hui; Li, Ruijing; Wu, Xian; Zu, Guoren; Yao, Ziwei","Distribution of sulfonamides and sulfonamide-resistant Escherichia coli in the coastal marine environment of northern Yellow Sea, China","Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology",null,null,"10.3724/sp.j.1145.2014.11039",null,"This study was to investigate the source and distribution of sulfonamide-resistant E. coil, and to determine the relationship between the sulfonamide concentration and the resistant level of E. coli. The water and sediment samples were collected from the coastal area of northern Yellow Sea, including outfall, tourist area, aquaculture area, etc. HPLC-MS/MS was applied to analyze 14 kinds of sulfonamides of the samples. Furthermore, the total amount of E. coil, Re-E. coil and frequency of sulfonamide resistant in the surface water and sediment were studied by the method 1604 of EPA. The results showed that the concentration of sulfonamides in water varied greatly. The total concentration of sulfonamides was 0 - 584.32 ng/L; the resistant rates ranged from 18.18% to 66.91%. The concentration of E. coil and Re-E. coil ranged 27x10(4) - 5.5x10(4) and 8x10(4) - 1.6x10(4)(CFU/100 mL) in water, and 0 - 1 363 and 0 - 320 (CFU/g) respectively in sediment. It was concluded that the total antibiotic concentration was significantly related with the resistance rates (P = 0.846). Low concentrations of antibiotics can induce resistant bacteria. Moreover, the aquaculture area is the major source of resistant strains in northern Yellow Sea.",2014,"401-406",3,20]
["PPAYELJI","journalArticle",2018,"Ying, Chingwen; Chang, Man-Jung; Hu, Chia-Hsin; Chang, Yi-Tang; Chao, Wei-Liang; Yeh, Shinn-Lih; Chang, Su-Jung; Hsu, Jih-Tay","The effects of marine farm-scale sequentially integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems on microbial community composition, prevalence of sulfonamide-resistant bacteria and sulfonamide resistance gene sul1","SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT",null,null,"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.204",null,"Aquaculture, one of the most important food production practices worldwide, faces serious challenges of mitigating the detrimental impacts of intensive farming on the environment and increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance. To develop an environment-friendly aquaculture system, a land-based and farm-scale sequentially integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system was established for farming Chanos chanos in southwestern Taiwan. In this system, fishes are cultured in combination with organic extractive shellfish and inorganic extractive seaweed. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sulfonamide-resistant bacteria, microbial community structure, and occurrence of sulfonamide resistance genes in the IMTA and traditional aquaculture systems. Water and sediment samples were collected before raising and after harvesting C. chanos. Our results showed that the occurrence of sulfonamide-resistant phenotypes in the IMTA system was comparable with that in influent seawater, while the traditional system exhibited a high sulfonamide resistance rate. Additionally, the traditional system resulted in a deviation of the bacterial community structure from that of seawater. In the water samples from the IMTA system and influent seawater, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the two dominant phyla, representing approximately 75% and 15% of the community, respectively. In the traditional system, Actinobacteria, constituting 39% of the community, was the dominant bacterial phylum. Thirty-one sulfonamide-resistant bacterial species were isolated. In conclusion, a sequentially IMTA system showed superior ability to maintain the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the integrity of the bacterial community structure compared to the traditional farming system, representing a potentially valuable aquaculture system for preserving the sustainability of the marine environment. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","2018-12","681-691",null,643]
["2UIV5RC6","journalArticle",2011,"Zhang, Yu Bin; Li, Yuan; Sun, Xing Li","Antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from shrimp hatcheries and cultural ponds on Donghai Island, China","Marine Pollution Bulletin",null,null,"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.08.048",null,"The resistance of bacteria to 12 different antibiotics was investigated in shrimp farms on Donghai Island, China. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were found to be widespread in shrimp farms, indicating a high environmental risk. Further, significant differences were found in bacterial strains among farms (ANOVA, p < 0.05), showing resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim, compound sinomi, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and cefazolin. No significant differences in antibiotic resistance were found among 6 hatcheries evaluated in this study (ANOVA, p > 0.05), between exalted and traditional shrimp ponds (ANOVA, p > 0.05), and between cultural ponds and corresponding control water source sites (T-test, p > 0.05). In cultural ponds, no significant difference in bacterial resistance to antibiotics was found between water and sediment (T-test, p > 0.05), and antibiotic resistance of bacteria from water showed a significant positive correlation with that from sediment (p < 0.05). Therefore, our study indicates that bacterial multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) is more widespread in shrimp hatcheries than ponds. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",2011,"2299-2307",11,62]
["UW9FTGK8","journalArticle",2007,"Matyar, Fatih; Kaya, Ayenur; Dincer, Sadik","Distribution and antibacterial drug resistance of Aeromonas spp. from fresh and brackish waters in Southern Turkey","Annals of Microbiology",null,null,"10.1007/bf03175087",null,"The frequency of antibiotic resistance was compared in Aeromonas spp. isolated from fresh and brackish water in Southern Turkey. A total of 97 Aeromonas spp. strains were isolated from four zones (three from fresh and one from brackish water). Most of the strains isolated from all samples were Aeromonas hydrophila (79.4%), while the amount of Aeromonas sobria and Aeromonas caviae, were rather lower in the samples examined (17.5% and 3.1% respectively). A high proportion of isolates from all water sources showed resistance to cephalotin (86.6%) and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (69%). On the other hand, a low proportion of bacteria showed resistance to tetracycline (14.4%), chloramphenicol (11.3%), gentamicin (7.2%) and nitrofurantoin (6.8%). Only one strain showing resistance to amikacin was found. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) to at least two antibiotics was highest in brackish water (zone 4), followed by fresh water (zone 3). MARI values ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 for the bacteria isolated from brackish water. This study suggest that, multiple antibiotic resistant Aeromonas spp., especially A. hydrophila, can be easily recovered from fresh and brackish water sources in Turkey and these sources may play as a reservoirs responsible for disease pathogen aeromonads.",2007,"443-447",3,57]
["J6LH2NM3","journalArticle",2019,"Visnuvinayagam, S; Murthy, L N; Parvathy, U; Jeyakumari, A; Adiga, Thriveni G; Sivaraman, G K","Detection of Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria in Retail Fish Market Water Samples of Vashi, Navi Mumbai","Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy Part B Biological Sciences",null,null,"10.1007/s40011-018-0970-4",null,"Occurrence of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) is being reported regularly by various researchers. But there is no information about the microbiological quality of the water used in the retail fish markets. Hence to understand the hygienic status of the water used in retail outlets, about 51 water samples were collected from the retail outlets of Navi Mumbai region and microbiological parameters such as aerobic plate count (APC), faecal indicator bacteria viz., Escherichia coli, faecal streptococci (FS) and sulphite reducing clostridia (SRC) were enumerated. Antibiogram was also carried out for 57 isolates against 20 antibiotics. Results indicated that all water samples harboured higher levels of APC, E. coli, FS and SRC with an average value of 558, 41, 51cfu/mL and 2.42/20mL respectively. Ratio between the FS and E. coli i.e., 1:1.25 indicates the multiplication of E. coli in the water used in the retail market. Higher level of resistance was observed for Augmentin and Colistin. Four multi drug resistant (MDR) E. coli were observed in the water samples. Checking of water in the retail fish market is the most neglected area where high level of contamination and MDR bacteria have been detected. So, it was inferred that the repeated use of same water without replacement is a major cause of higher levels of FIB and MRD bacteria in the retail fish market water samples that further leads to their transfer from water to fish. Hence, running water facility should be used to clean the fish.",2019,"559-564",2,89]
["VJDBIXPJ","journalArticle",2008,"Hoa, Phan Thi Phuong; Nonaka, Lisa; Pham Hung, Viet; Suzuki, Satoru","Detection of the sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes in sulfonamide-resistant bacteria from wastewater and shrimp ponds of north Vietnam","Science of the Total Environment",null,null,"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.023",null,"To assess the presence and distribution of the sul genes (sul1, sul2, and sul3) and plasmids in human-mediated environments of north Vietnam, we examined a total of 127 sulfonamide-resistant (SR) bacterial isolates from four shrimp ponds (HNAQs), a city canal (HNCs) and three fish ponds that received wastewater directly from swine farms (HNPs). Results from the SR isolates revealed that sul genes were most frequently detected in the HNPs (92.0%), followed by HNCs (72.0%), and the HNAQs (43.0%). Among the sul genes detected, sul1 was the most prevalent gene in all three environments (57.0,33.0 and 60.0% in HNPs, HNAQS, and HNCs, respectively) followed by sul2 (51.0, 19.0, and 20.0%, respectively) and sul3 (14.0, 6.0, and 8.0%, respectively). All combinations of paired different sul genes were detected, with the combination between sul1 and sul2 being the most frequent in all three environments (20.0, 8.0, and 8.0% in HNPs, HNAQs, and HNCs, respectively). The combination of three sul genes was detected at low frequencies (2-3%) in the HNPs and HNAQs, and was absent in the HNCs. The sul genes were more frequently located on the chromosome than on plasmids. The identification of SR isolates positive for the sul genes and plasmids showed that Acinetobacter was the most dominant. our study revealed that the sul genes were common in SR bacteria from the aquatic environments we examined from northern Vietnam. Wastewater from swine farms might be \"hot spots\" of the sul genes and plasmids and may be reservoirs for the exchange of the sul genes among bacteria. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",2008,"377-384","2021-01-03",405]
["NY7328GQ","journalArticle",2018,"Farooq, Adeel; Unno, Tatsuya","Plasmid profiling of multi-drug resistant Vibrio sp. isolated from influent and effluent water samples of fish farms in Jeju, South Korea","Korean Journal of Microbiology",null,null,"10.7845/kjm.2018.7095",null,"The objective of this study was to investigate the plasmid profiling of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Vibrio in influent (inflow) and effluent (discharged) water samples of fish farms in Jeju, South Korea. MDR isolates identified through disc diffusion susceptibility tests, were subjected to plasmid profiling. One hundred fifty Vibrio isolates were obtained from each influent and effluent water sample. All MDR isolates were subjected to plasmid profiling. Greater number of bacteria were enumerated from effluents (61%) comparing to influents (39%). High incidence of neomycin, sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin and oxytetracycline resistance was observed among the isolates, which was higher in effluent samples. In contrast, Vibrio isolates were more susceptible to florfenicol, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid. Among 99 (influent 39 and effluent 60) MDR isolates, a total of 58 (influent 38 and effluent 20) were found to bear plasmids ranging from 1.7 kb to >10 kb and showed 19 different antibiograms according to the size of plasmids. MDR isolates showed six and four distinct plasmid profiles in influent and effluent, respectively. Effluent samples contained more plasmid-carrying MDR Vibrio isolates with more diverse plasmid profiles and antibiograms, suggesting that fish farm tanks may serve as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. The presence of plasmid-carrying MDR Vibrio isolates in fish farm effluent water may contribute to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes to the environments, which ultimately poses threat to human health.",2018,"53-59",1,54]
["PTKLD23D","journalArticle",2013,"Lim, Seung J; Jang, Eunhee; Lee, Sang-Hun; Yoo, Byeong-Hak; Kim, Sun-Kyoung; Kim, Tak-Hyun","Antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from freshwater aquacultures and prediction of the persistence and toxicity of antimicrobials in the aquatic environment.","Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes",null,null,"10.1080/03601234.2013.761911",null,"The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from freshwater aquaculture effluents was investigated. The bacterial strains were collected from four different freshwater aquaculture effluents (catfish, trout, eel, and loach). Based on sequence of 16S rRNA, a total of 20 bacterial strains was isolated and one half of the isolated bacteria were Aeromonas sp. The antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed using the disc diffusion method. Individual antibiotic-resistant bacteria to antimicrobials were 41.7% and multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria were 58.3%. The disinfection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by electron beam (E-beam) irradiation was carried out using an electron accelerator. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were effectively disinfected by E-beam irradiation. The isolated bacteria were completely disinfected at a dose of less than 2 kGy. The persistence and toxicity of each antimicrobial in the aquatic environment was estimated due to the human health and ecosystems. In order to estimate the persistence and toxicity of antimicrobials in the aquatic environment, two quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models were used. The persistence and toxicity of each antimicrobial were influenced on its hydrophobicity. In addition, QSAR models showed that isoelectric point and hydrogen bonding acceptor are key parameters to estimate the persistence and toxicity of antimicrobials in the aquatic environment.",2013,"495-504",6,48]
["WDDZIYGM","journalArticle",2014,"Kang, Chang-Ho; Kim, YongGyeong; Oh, Soo Ji; Mok, Jong-Soo; Cho, Myung-Hwan; So, Jae-Seong","Antibiotic resistance of Vibrio harveyi isolated from seawater in Korea.","Marine pollution bulletin",null,null,"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.008",null,"Vibrio harveyi is an opportunistic human pathogen that may cause gastroenteritis, severe necrotizing soft-tissue infections, and primary septicemia, with a potentially high rate of lethality. In this study, we isolated and characterized V. harveyi from seawater collected from the West Sea in Korea, including sites located near shellfish farms. For the initial isolation of putative V. harveyi, isolates were incubated on thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar plates for 24h, followed by selection of greenish colonies. Gram-negative and oxidase-positive colonies were subsequently confirmed by biochemical assays and the API 20E kit test system. Species-specific 16S rRNA and hemolysin genes were used to design V. harveyi-specific PCR primers. From 840 seawater samples, a total of 2 strains of V. harveyi were isolated from shellfish farm seawater. The two isolates were subjected to profiling against 16 antibiotics and found to be resistant to cephalothin, vancomycin, ampicillin, cefepime, cefotetan, and streptomycin.","2014-09","261-265","2021-01-02",86]
["3H4LNC79","journalArticle",2003,"Karunasagar, Indrani; Rivera, I; Joseph, B; Kennedy, B; Shetty, V R; Huq, A; Karunasagar, Iddya; Colwell, R R","ompU genes in non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae associated with aquaculture.","Journal of applied microbiology",{"$nulls":4},"AIMS: The study was undertaken with the objective of understanding the virulence-associated genes of the CTX and TCP gene clusters in environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae, an important human pathogen, isolated from the aquaculture environment. The involvement of the ompU gene in conferring bile resistance in these isolates was also evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: The V. cholerae isolates were tested by PCR and fluorescent antibody test for O1 (Ogawa and Inaba) and O139 serotypes. All isolates were found to be non-toxigenic V. cholerae confirmed by their positive PCR reaction for toxR but negative for ctx, zot and tcp gene. The hlyA gene was detected in 85% of the strains and ompU in 77%. The results on the bactericidal effect of bile salts suggest that ompU may play a role in conferring bile resistance in non-O1/non-O139 strains. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that most environmental strains lacked the CTX and TCP gene clusters. However, most isolates had the hlyA gene indicating the potential of these environmental strains to cause mild gastroenteritis. It was also observed that strains lacking ompU showed less tolerance to bile salts. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Information on virulence factors of V. cholerae associated with aquaculture environment and products would be of value in risk assessment for human health.",2003,"338-343",2,95]
["S3LA5HJ8","journalArticle",2013,"Zhang, Rui-Quan; Ying, Guang-Guo; Su, Hao-Chang; Zhou, Li-Jun; Liu, You-Sheng","Antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of Escherichia coli isolates from traditional and integrated aquaculture in South China.","Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes",null,null,"10.1080/03601234.2013.816611",null,"This study investigated antibiotic resistance profiles including antibiotic resistance frequencies, resistance genes and resistance patterns in Escherichia coli strains isolated from traditional and integrated aquaculture systems in South China by using antibiotic susceptibility testing and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The E. coli isolates were found to be resistant to at least one antibiotic among 12 antibiotics. Higher resistance frequencies to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprime, streptomycin and tetracycline were found compared to the rest antibiotics. Among the 10 tetracycline resistance genes detected in the resistant isolates, the most prevalent tetracycline resistance genes were tetA, tetW and tetB with the frequency of 69.7%, 63.5% and 21.9%, respectively. Three sulfonamide resistance genes were detected in these resistant isolates, with their detection frequencies in the following order: sul2 (55.3%) > sul3 (28.2%) > sul1 (6.2%). Four resistance genes mainly encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected in these resistant isolates, with the detection frequencies of blaTEM (28.4%) > blaOXA (9.7%) > blaCTX (9.3%) > blaCARB (5.2%) > blaSHV (0.0%). It was found that the integrated aquaculture system exhibited generally higher prevalence of antibiotic resistance than the traditional aquaculture system. An integrated aquaculture system could facilitate development of bacterial resistance and spread of the antibiotic resistance genes, and consequently become an important reservoir of resistance genes.",2013,"999-1013",11,48]
["YNLCM33A","journalArticle",2015,"Tajbakhsh, Elahe; Khamesipour, Faham; Ranjbar, Reza; Ugwu, Ifeoma Chinyere","Prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons in multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from aquaculture water in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province, Iran.","Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials",null,null,"10.1186/s12941-015-0096-y",null,"BACKGROUND: Integrons play important role in the spread and maintenance of antimicrobial resistance among strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and other species of Enterobacteriaceae. This study investigated the prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons among E. coli strains isolated from aquaculture water of fish fields in Iran. METHODS: One hundred and fifty water samples from different geographical regions in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province were examined over a 2 months period. Isolation was through culture and biochemical tests. Integrons were identified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers specific for class 1 and 2 integrons. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using disc diffusion methods. RESULTS: Eighteen percent of the water samples were positive for E. coli. All the strains were multi-drug resistant; 100% to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, ampicillin and tetracycline and least resistant to imipenem (7.2%). Ten (50%) of the most resistant strains were positive for class 1 (40%) and class 2 (10%). CONCLUSIONS: Escherichia coli in aquaculture in Iran carried integrons class 1 and 2 which could be of public health concern since they could play a role in the spread and maintenance of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial population in the region and should be constantly monitored.","2015-07","37-37",null,14]
["ZZLM9R4T","journalArticle",2016,"Usui, Masaru; Tagaki, Chie; Fukuda, Akira; Okubo, Torahiko; Boonla, Chanchai; Suzuki, Satoru; Seki, Kanako; Takada, Hideshige; Tamura, Yutaka","Use of Aeromonas spp. as General Indicators of Antimicrobial Susceptibility among Bacteria in Aquatic Environments in Thailand.","Frontiers in microbiology",null,null,"10.3389/fmicb.2016.00710",null,"Antimicrobials are widely used, not only for treating human infections, but also  for treatment of livestock and in fish farms. Human habitats in Southeastern Asian countries are located in close proximity to aquatic environments. As such, the human populations within these regions are at risk of exposure to antimicrobial resistant bacteria, and thereby disseminating antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, we collected water samples from 15 sites (5 sites in Chao Phraya River, 2 sites at the mouth of Chao Phraya River, 3 sites in Ta Chin River, and 5 sites at city canals) and 12 sites (6 sites at city canals; 2 sites at chicken farms; 2 sites at pig farms; and 2 samples from sites at pig farms, which were subsequently treated at a biogas plant) in Thailand in 2013 and 2014, respectively. In total, 117 Aeromonas spp. were isolated from the water samples, and these organisms exhibited various antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Notably, there was a significant correlation between the environmental concentration of tetracyclines and the rates of tetracycline resistance in the isolated Aeromonas spp.; however, both the concentration and rates of tetracycline resistance in samples derived from pig farms were higher than those of samples harvested from other aquatic environments. These findings suggest that the high concentrations of antimicrobials observed in these aquatic environments likely select for ARGs. Furthermore, they indicate that Aeromonas spp. comprise an effective marker for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environments.",2016,"710-710",null,7]
["KRGJUPLC","journalArticle",2015,"Ghaderpour, Aziz; Ho, Wing Sze; Chew, Li-Lee; Bong, Chui Wei; Chong, Ving Ching; Thong, Kwai-Lin; Chai, Lay Ching","Diverse and abundant multi-drug resistant E. coli in Matang mangrove estuaries, Malaysia.","Frontiers in microbiology",null,null,"10.3389/fmicb.2015.00977",null,"E.coli, an important vector distributing antimicrobial resistance in the environment, was found to be multi-drug resistant, abundant, and genetically diverse in the Matang mangrove estuaries, Malaysia. One-third (34%) of the estuarine E. coli was multi-drug resistant. The highest antibiotic resistance prevalence was observed for aminoglycosides (83%) and beta-lactams (37%). Phylogenetic groups A and B1, being the most predominant E. coli, demonstrated the highest antibiotic resistant level and prevalence of integrons (integron I, 21%; integron II, 3%). Detection of phylogenetic group B23 downstream of fishing villages indicates human fecal contamination as a source of E. coli pollution. Enteroaggregative E. coli (1%) were also detected immediately downstream of the fishing village. The results indicated multi-drug resistance among E. coli circulating in Matang estuaries, which could be reflective of anthropogenic activities and aggravated by bacterial and antibiotic discharges from village lack of a sewerage system, aquaculture farms and upstream animal husbandry.",2015,"977-977",null,6]
["KLFUU5FZ","journalArticle",2016,"Wen, Yanping; Pu, Xiaoying; Zheng, Wei; Hu, Guang","High Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance and IncQ Plasmids Carrying qnrS2 Gene in Bacteria from Rivers near Hospitals and Aquaculture in China.","PloS one",null,null,"10.1371/journal.pone.0159418",null,"Effluents from hospital and aquaculture are considered important sources of quinolone resistance. However, little information is available on the impact of this effluent on nearby rivers. In this study, 188 ciprofloxacin-resistant bacterial isolates obtained from rivers near hospitals and aquaculture were screened for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. Species identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and PMQR gene transferability assessment were conducted for PMQR-positive bacteria. Representative qnrS2-encoding plasmids were subsequently sequenced using a primer-walking approach. In total, 44 isolates (23.4%) were positive for qnr genes (16 qnrB2, 3 qnrS1, and 25 qnrS2) and 32 isolates (17.0%) were positive for aac(6')-Ib-cr. Other PMQR genes were not detected. The qnrB2 and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes had a higher prevalence in aquaculture samples than in hospital samples, and were significantly associated with Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.05). In contrast, the prevalence of qnrS2 was not site-related, but was significantly associated with Aeromonas spp. (p < 0.05). All PMQR isolates were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics. Eleven qnrS2-harboring plasmids from Aeromonas spp., including a novel conjugative plasmid pHP18, were selected for sequencing. These plasmids were small in size (6,388-16,197 bp) and belonged to the IncQ or IncU plasmid family, with qnrS2 being part of a mobile insertion cassette. Taken together, our findings suggest that aquaculture is a possible source for aac(6')-Ib-cr and qnrB2 dissemination, and demonstrate the ubiquity of qnrS2 in aquatic environments. Finally, Aeromonas spp. served as vectors for qnrS2 with the help of IncQ-type plasmids.",2016,"e0159418-e0159418",7,11]
["4ZWBB9VH","journalArticle",2016,"You, K G; Bong, C W; Lee, C W","Antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiling of Vibrio spp. in tropical waters of  Peninsular Malaysia.","Environmental monitoring and assessment",null,null,"10.1007/s10661-016-5163-0",null,"Vibrio species isolated from four different sampling stations in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia were screened for their antimicrobial resistance and plasmid profiles. A total of 138 isolates belonging to 15 different species were identified. Vibrio campbellii, V. parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. tubiashii were found to predominance species at all stations. High incidence of erythromycin, ampicillin, and mecillinam resistance was observed among the Vibrio isolates. In contrast, resistance against aztreonam, cefepime, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfonamides was low. All the Vibrio isolates in this study were found to be susceptible to imipenem, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and oxytetracycline. Ninety-five percent of the Vibrio isolates were resistant to one or more different classes of antibiotic, and 20 different resistance antibiograms were identified. Thirty-two distinct plasmid profiles with molecular weight ranging from 2.2 to 24.8 kb were detected among the resistance isolates. This study showed that multidrug-resistant Vibrio spp. were common in the aquatic environments of west coast of Peninsular Malaysia.","2016-03","171-171",3,188]
["DSFBDXGM","journalArticle",2015,"Germond, Arno; Kim, Soo-Jin","Genetic diversity of oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria and tet(M) genes in two major coastal areas of South Korea.","Journal of global antimicrobial resistance",null,null,"10.1016/j.jgar.2015.04.005",null,"This study aimed to analyse the prevalence and genetic diversity of the tet(M) resistance gene as well as the species composition of oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria in coastal areas of South Korea. Both culturable and non-culturable bacterial communities were sampled in 2010 and 2011 within two coastal areas (Wando and Geoje). tet(M) and 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained by PCR and sequencing and were used for phylogenetic analyses. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to determine the prevalence of tet(M) in sampled areas. Phylogenetic analyses revealed high heterogeneity of tet(M) sequences between Wando and Geoje areas. Sequences found in Wando were highly similar to each other and were similar to sequences found in Japanese aquaculture sites. A larger diversity of tet(M) sequences was obtained from natural assemblage in Geoje. qPCR showed a high prevalence of tet(M) in Wando's aquaculture sites (up to 10(-2)gene copies per 16S rRNA copy) and for industrial sites in Geoje (up to 10(-3)gene copies per 16S rRNA copy). 16 rRNA-based identification showed that Vibrio sp. and Photobacterium sp. were the most representative species in Wando, whereas in Geoje a broader range of species was found, with several isolates identified as pathogenic Acinetobacter, Aeromonas and Klebsiella. Altogether, these results showed a high prevalence of tet(M) in both sites, and different origins of contamination were identified. Because several pathogenic strains of oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria were reported for the first time, these results strongly warrant further analyses and actions to prevent contamination events by antibiotics in South Korea.","2015-09","166-173",3,3]
["SAFAJF4D","journalArticle",2019,"Fang, Hao; Huang, Kailong; Yu, Junnan; Ding, Chengcheng; Wang, Zhifeng; Zhao, Cheng; Yuan, Hezhong; Wang, Zhuang; Wang, Se; Hu, Jianlin; Cui, Yibin","Metagenomic analysis of bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance genes in the Eriocheir sinensis freshwater aquaculture environment","CHEMOSPHERE",null,null,"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.068",null,"Aquaculture has attracted significant attention as an environmental gateway to the development of antibiotic resistance. The industry of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis contributes significantly to the freshwater aquaculture industry in China. However, the situation of antibiotic resistance in the E. sinensis aquaculture environment is not known. In this study, high-throughput sequencing based metagenomic approaches were used to comprehensively investigate the structure of bacterial communities, the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as well as mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in three E. sinensis aquaculture ponds in Jiangsu Province, China. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes in water samples and Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia, and Bacteroidetes in sediment samples. Bacitracin and multidrug were predominant ARG types in water and sediment samples, respectively. There was a significant correlation between MGEs and ARGs. In particular, plasmids were the most abundant MGEs and strongly correlated with ARGs. This is the first study of antibiotic resistome that uses metagenomic approaches in the E. sinensis aquaculture environment. The results indicate that the opportunistic pathogens may acquire ARGs via horizontal gene transfer, intensifying the potential risk to human health. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","2019-06","202-211",null,224]
["P4UUZK7J","journalArticle",2011,"Chen, Bin; Zheng, Weiwen; Yu, Ying; Huang, Wenwen; Zheng, Siping; Zhang, Yun; Guan, Xiong; Zhuang, Yiting; Chen, Ning; Topp, Edward","Class 1 integrons, selected virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from the Minjiang River, Fujian Province, China.","Applied and environmental microbiology",null,null,"10.1128/AEM.01676-10",null,"Widespread fecal pollution of surface waters in developing countries is a threat  to public health and may represent a significant pathway for the global dissemination of antibiotic resistance. The Minjiang River drainage basin in Fujian Province is one of China's most intensive livestock and poultry production areas and is home to several million people. In the study reported here, Escherichia coli isolates (n = 2,788) were sampled (2007 and 2008) from seven surface water locations in the basin and evaluated by PCR for carriage of selected genes encoding virulence factors, primarily for swine disease. A subset of isolates (n = 500) were evaluated by PCR for the distribution and characteristics of class 1 integrons, and a subset of these (n = 200) were evaluated phenotypically for resistance to a range of antibiotics. A total of 666 (24%) E. coli isolates carried at least one of the virulence genes elt, fedA, astA, fasA, estA, stx(2e), paa, and sepA. Forty-one percent of the isolates harbored class 1 integrons, and these isolates had a significantly higher probability of resistance to tobramycin, cefoperazone, cefazolin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, azitromycin, and rifampin than isolates with no class 1 integron detected. Frequencies of resistance to selected antibiotics were as high as or higher than those in fecal, wastewater, and clinical isolates in published surveys undertaken in China, North America, and Europe. Overall, E. coli in the Minjiang River drainage basin carry attributes with public health significance at very high frequency, and these data provide a powerful rationale for investment in source water protection strategies in this important agricultural and urban setting in China.","2011-01","148-155",1,77]
["7Q9QL9EF","journalArticle",2012,"Vignesh, Sivanandham; Muthukumar, Krishnan; James, Rathinam Arthur","Antibiotic resistant pathogens versus human impacts: a study from three eco-regions of the Chennai coast, southern India.","Marine pollution bulletin",null,null,"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.01.015",null,"We assessed the occurrence of pollution indicators and antibiotic resistant bacterial isolates from water and sediment samples of three different eco-regions of the Chennai coast between March - May of 2010. Total of 960 bacterial strains belonging to four genera were isolated which show the highest frequencies of resistance to vancomycin (53.6%) and penicillin (52.6%) (except Enterococcus sp., which is highly resistant to erythromycin) and lowest frequencies of resistance to chloramphenicol (3.43%), ciprofloxacin (3.95%), gentamicin (4.68%), and tetracycline (6.97%). The E. coli, Vibrio sp., Salmonella sp. and Enterococcus sp. show high frequency of resistance to 2-5 antibacterials of 60.4%, 45.83%, 69.16% and 46.6%, respectively. High pollution indices (PI - 6.66-14.06) and antibiotic resistance indices (ARI - 0.29-0.343) indicate that the coastal environment is highly exposed to antibiotic sources that suggesting to avoid direct contact.","2012-04","790-800",4,64]
["5H93PRAW","journalArticle",2012,"Jun, Lyu Jin; Kim, Jae Hoon; Jin, Ji Woong; Jeong, Hyun Do","Characterization of a new beta-lactamase gene from isolates of Vibrio spp. in Korea.","Journal of microbiology and biotechnology",{"$nulls":4},"PCR was performed to analyze the beta-lactamase genes carried by ampicillin-resistant Vibrio spp. strains isolated from marine environments in Korea between 2006 and 2009. All 36 strains tested showed negative results in PCR with the primers designed from the nucleotide sequences of various known beta-lactamase genes. This prompted us to screen new beta-lactamase genes. A novel beta-lactamase gene was cloned from Vibrio alginolyticus KV3 isolated from the aquaculture water of Geoje Island of Korea. The determined nucleotide sequence (VAK-3 beta-lactamase) revealed an open reading frame (ORF) of 852 bp, encoding a protein of 283 amino acids (aa), which displayed low homology to any other beta-lactamase genes reported in public databases. The deduced 283 aa sequence of VAK-3, consisting of a 19 aa signal peptide and a 264 aa mature protein, contained highly conserved peptide segments specific to class A beta-lactamases including the specific amino acid residues STFK (62-65), SDN (122-124), E (158), and RTG (226-228). Results from PCR performed with primers specific to the VAK-3 beta-lactamase gene identified 3 of the 36 isolated strains as V. alginolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, indicating the utilization of various beta-lactamase genes including unidentified ones in ampicillin-resistant Vibrio spp. strains from the marine environment. In a mating experiment, none of the isolates transfered the VAK-3 beta-lactamase gene to the Escherichia coli recipient. This lack of mobility, and the presence of a chromosomal acyl-CoA flanking sequence upstream of the VAK-3 beta- lactamase gene, led to the assumption that the location of this new beta-lactamase gene was in the chromosome, rather than the mobile plasmid. Antibiotic susceptibility of VAK-3 beta-lactamase was indicated by elevated levels of resistance to penicillins, but not to cephalosporins in the wild type and E. coli harboring recombinant plasmid pKV-3, compared with those of the host strain alone. Phylogenetic analysis showed that VAK-3 beta-lactamase is a new and separate member of class A beta-lactamases.","2012-04","555-562",4,22]
["XQCQCAUL","journalArticle",2015,"Silvester, Reshma; Alexander, Deborah; Ammanamveetil, Mohamed Hatha Abdulla","Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, virulence and plasmid profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from a tropical estuary and adjoining traditional prawn farm along the southwest coast of India","ANNALS OF MICROBIOLOGY",null,null,"10.1007/s13213-015-1053-x",null,"Vibrio parahaemolyticus, autochthonous to estuarine, marine, and coastal environments throughout the world, is a leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in Asia as well as in other countries. Considering their role in disease outbreaks, water and sediment samples from two different environments along the southwest coast of India, such as the Cochin estuary, which is a tourist hot spot and a traditional prawn farm, were examined for the detection of V. parahaemolyticus. A total of 120 presumptive vibrios were further screened using a chromogenic medium. The isolates producing the specific colour for V. parahaemolyticus on the chromogenic medium were confirmed by molecular methods. Using a PCR assay targeting the species-specific tlh gene, 75 isolates were confirmed as V. parahaemolyticus. The incidence of V. parahaemolyticus was found to be 71.6 % in the Cochin estuary and 53.3 % in the shrimp farm. The virulence genes tdh and trh were detected in two isolates from the Cochin estuary by multiplex PCR. Using 16S rRNA sequence analysis, our isolate exhibited 100 % similarity to the V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 pandemic clone. The isolates were evaluated for their susceptibility towards 16 different antibiotics. All the isolates exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance ( MAR). The MAR index of the isolates from the Cochin estuary ranged from 0.312 to 0.75 and that from the shrimp farm ranged from 0.1875 to 0.5. The plasmid profiles of the isolates were also checked. About 50.6 % of the isolates harboured plasmids and ten different profiles were observed. No correlation was observed between the antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid profiles.","2015-12","2141-2149",4,65]
["J2FQ5RLN","journalArticle",2016,"Patil, Hemant J; Benet-Perelberg, Ayana; Naor, Alon; Smirnov, Margarita; Ofek, Tamir; Nasser, Ahmed; Minz, Dror; Cytryn, Eddie","Evidence of Increased Antibiotic Resistance in Phylogenetically-Diverse Aeromonas Isolates from Semi-Intensive Fish Ponds Treated with Antibiotics","FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY",null,null,"10.3389/fmicb.2016.01875",null,"The genus Aeromonas is ubiquitous in aquatic environments encompassing a broad range of fish and human pathogens. Aeromonas strains are known for their enhanced capacity to acquire and exchange antibiotic resistance genes and therefore, are frequently targeted as indicator bacteria for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environments. This study evaluated temporal trends in Aeromonas diversity and antibiotic resistance in two adjacent semi-intensive aquaculture facilities to ascertain the effects of antibiotic treatment on antimicrobial resistance. In the first facility, sulfadiazine-trimethoprim was added prophylactically to fingerling stocks and water column-associated Aeromonas were monitored periodically over an 11-month fish fattening cycle to assess temporal dynamics in taxonomy and antibiotic resistance. In the second facility, Aeromonas were isolated from fish skin ulcers sampled over a 3-year period and from pond water samples to assess associations between pathogenic strains to those in the water column. A total of 1200 Aeromonas isolates were initially screened for sulfadiazine resistance and further screened against five additional antimicrobials. In both facilities, strong correlations were observed between sulfadiazine resistance and trimethoprim and tetracycline resistances, whereas correlations between sulfadiazine resistance and ceftriaxone, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol resistances were low. Multidrug resistant strains as well as sul1, tetA, and intI1 gene-harboring strains were significantly higher in profiles sampled during the fish cycle than those isolated prior to stocking and these genes were extremely abundant in the pathogenic strains. Five phylogenetically distinct Aeromonas clusters were identified using partial rpoD gene sequence analysis. Interestingly, prior to fingerling stocking the diversity of water column strains was high, and representatives from all five clusters were identified, including an A. salmonicida cluster that harbored all characterized fish skin ulcer samples. Subsequent to stocking, diversity was much lower and most water column isolates in both facilities segregated into an A. veronii-associated cluster. This study demonstrated a strong correlation between aquaculture, Aeromonas diversity and antibiotic resistance. It provides strong evidence for linkage between prophylactic and systemic use of antibiotics in aquaculture and the propagation of antibiotic resistance.","2016-11",null,null,7]
["ICFX35BL","conferencePaper",2016,"Drais, Ashraf Abbas; Usup, Gires; Ahmad, Asmat","Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Coastal Seawater and Sediment in Malaysia",null,"978-0-7354-1446-4",null,"10.1063/1.4966722",null,"Vibrio parahaemolyticus is widely recognized pathogenic Vibrio species due to numerous outbreaks and its wide occurrence in the marine environment. A total of 50 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates were isolated from seawater and sediments in Malaysia were tested for sensitivity to 19 antibiotics using disc diffusion method. It was found that all isolates were resistant towards ampicillin (10 mu g), penicillin (10 mu g), methicillin (5 mu g), and novobiocin (5 mu g); but exhibit sensitivity to chloramphenicol (30 mu g) and gentamicin (100 mu g). The low percentage of sensitivity towards antibiotics was observed with the following antibiotics; amoxicillin 10 mu g (98%), fluconazole 25 mu g (98%), erythromycin 15 mu g (92%), vancomycin 30 mu g (92%), bacitracin 10 mu g (84%), carbenicillin 100 mu g (84%), cephalothin 30 mu g (52%), nitrofurantion 200 mu g (52%), ciprofloxacin 5 mu g (40%), tetracycline 30 mu g (20%), kanamycin 30 mu g (10%), nalidixic acid 30 mu g (10%) and streptomycin 20 mu g (6%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was found to be 0.42-0.78. All the isolates were multi-resistant to these antibiotics. This indicates that the isolates originate from high-risk source of contamination where antibiotics are often used. Thus, there is a need for supervised use of antibiotics and frequent surveillance of V. parahaemolyticus strains for antimicrobial resistance. The presence of V. parahaemolyticus in coastal water with a high value of multiple antibiotic resistance indexes (MARI) can increase the risk of exposure to human and regular monitoring program for this potential human pathogenic bacterium is important.",2016,null,null,1784]
["GG8M6DV2","journalArticle",2014,"Ng, K H; Samuel, L; Kathleen, M M; Leong, S S; Felecia, C","Distribution and prevalence of chloramphenicol-resistance gene in Escherichia coli isolated from aquaculture and other environment","International Food Research Journal",{"$nulls":3},"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906954055&partnerID=40&md5=26e998d6179fd6b638894ce21a90efe5","In Malaysia, the aquaculture industry, particularly the production of freshwater aquaculture fish, is growing rapidly. Nevertheless, the illegal use of banned antimicrobial agents such as chloramphenicol in aquaculture has become a major concern in relation to the safety of consumers and also the development of drug-resistant strains in bacteria. Driven by those factors, the main intention of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of chloramphenicol-resistance genes in E. coli isolated from aquaculture and other environmental waters. The respective chloramphenicol-resistance genes in the isolates were detected by multiplex PCR with four sense primers C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4 and one antisense primer C-R for targeting cat I, cat II, cat III and cat IV genes, respectively. Out of 27 E. coli isolated, 19 were resistant to chloramphenicol. Cat I, cat II, cat III and cat IV genes were detected in 19, 13, 10, and 6 of the E. coli isolates, respectively. The results of this study revealed that chloramphenicol-resistance E. coli is present in aquaculture and environmental waters, in the study area. This finding suggested that although banned, there could be illegal usage of chloramphenicol antibiotic in local aquaculture. The bacteria in aquaculture may have spread to other environmental water through disposal of aquaculture waste water to other environments. © All Rights Reserved.",2014,"1321-1325",4,21]
["RVK79TL5","journalArticle",2007,"Dang, H; Zhang, X; Song, L; Chang, Y; Yang, G","Molecular determination of oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes from mariculture environments of China","Journal of Applied Microbiology",null,null,"10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03494.x","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03494.x","Abstract Aims:? To assess the diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in typical maricultural environments. Methods and Results:? Multidrug-resistant bacteria and resistance genes from a mariculture farm of China were analysed via cultivation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Oxytetracycline (OTC)-resistant bacteria were abundant in both abalone and turbot rearing waters, accounting for 3·7% and 9·9% of the culturable microbes. Multidrug resistance was common, with simultaneous resistance to OTC, chloramphenicol and ampicillin the most common resistance phenotype. 16S rDNA sequence analyses indicate that the typical resistant isolates belonged to marine Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas or Alteromonas species, with resistance most common in Vibrio splendidus isolates. For OTC resistance, tet(A), tet(B) and tet(M) genes were detected in some multidrug-resistant isolates, with tet(D) being the most common molecular determinant. For chloramphenicol resistance, cat II was common, and floR was also detected, especially in marine Pseudoalteromonas strains. Conclusions:? There is the risk of multidrug-resistant bacteria contamination in mariculture environments and marine Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas species serve as reservoirs of specific antibiotic resistance determinants. Significance and Impact of the Study:? This paper and similar findings from Korea and Japan indicate the potential for widespread distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in mariculture environments from the East Asian region of the world.","2007-12","2580-2592",6,103]
["VGJRTJJ8","journalArticle",2007,"Nonaka, Lisa; Ikeno, Kinuyo; Suzuki, Satoru","Distribution of Tetracycline Resistance Gene, tet(M), in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Sediment and Seawater at a Coastal Aquaculture Site in Japan","Microbes and Environments",null,null,"10.1264/jsme2.22.355",null,"We found increased numbers of oxytetracycline (OTC)-resistant bacteria in sediment and seawater around a marine aquaculture site after OTC therapy. Samples were collected at an aquaculture site along the coast of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan in 2004. In April, the percentage of bacteria resistant to 60 μg mL-1 OTC in the surface sediment was 6.8%-20.0%. The percentages increased during OTC therapy in the summer reaching 53.3%-60.7% in September. Ninety-two days after drug cessation, the percentages decreased to below 22.9%. Tet(M)-positive bacteria were detected in the sediment and seawater samples. Tet(M) was evident in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria from various genera, and was newly identified in Paenibacillus, Sporosarcina, Shewanella, and Pseudoalteromonas. The dominant tet(M)-positive isolates were strains of Vibrio suggesting that this genus is an important reservoir for tet(M) in the marine environment. Two different alleles were found, tet(M)-A and tet(M)-B, each in isolates from five genera. The data suggests drug therapy used in the aquaculture acted as a selective pressure promoting increased numbers of resistant bacteria.",2007,"355-364",4,22]
["K9QUDP7Q","journalArticle",2014,"Boonyasiri, Adhiratha; Tangkoskul, Teerawit; Seenama, Chrakrapong; Saiyarin, Jatuporn; Tiengrim, Surapee; Thamlikitkul, Visanu","Prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in healthy adults, foods, food animals, and the environment in selected areas in Thailand.","Pathogens and global health",null,null,"10.1179/2047773214Y.0000000148",null,"OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli, in samples from healthy adults, foods, food animals, and the environment in selected areas of Thailand. METHODS: Samples were collected from stool specimens from adult food factory and food animal farm workers, fresh and cooked foods sold at markets, rectal swabs of healthy pigs and chickens, fresh pork meat from slaughterhouses, water samples from canals as well as fish and shrimp farm ponds, and stagnant water sources on pig farms. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion or agar dilution methods. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production was assayed using a double disk diffusion method. RESULTS: Among 544 healthy adult food factory workers, 75.5% were positive for ESBL producing E. coli, while 77.3% of E. coli isolated from 30 healthy animal farm workers were positive. Amongst healthy food animals, ESBL producing status among E. coli isolates were more commonly detected in pigs (76.7%) than broilers (40%). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli seemed to be more prevalent in fresh meat samples than in fresh vegetables, in fresh foods than in cooked foods, and in water samples collected from the animal farms than those from canals and fish and shrimp ponds. CONCLUSIONS: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli isolates are prevalent amongst healthy individuals, foods along the food production chain from farms to consumers, and in the environment in selected areas in Thailand.","2014-07","235-245",5,108]

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["Key","Item Type","Publication Year","Author","Title","Publication Title","ISBN","ISSN","DOI","Url","Abstract Note","Date","Pages","Issue","Volume"]
["NHU8BCXV","journalArticle",2019,"Karmakar, Sutanu; Abraham, T J; Kumar, Saurav; Kumar, Sanath; Shukla, S P; Roy, Utsa; Kumar, Kundan","Triclosan exposure induces varying extent of reversible antimicrobial resistance  in Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda.","Ecotoxicology and environmental safety",null,null,"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.010",null,"Triclosan (TCS) is a biocide commonly used in household and personal care items to prevent the microbial growth and is currently considered as an emerging pollutant. It has a ubiquitous distribution which can substantially contribute towards antimicrobial resistance. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of TCS exposure on the antibiotic sensitivity of aquatic bacteria. Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC((R)) 49140() and Edwardsiella tarda ATCC((R)) 15947() exposed to TCS for short (30min) and long duration (serial passages). The agar-disc diffusion assay during the serial passages of TCS exposure and subsequent exposure withdrawal showed clinically insignificant changes in the zone of inhibition for six selected antibiotics in both bacterial strains at all exposure concentrations. Four folds concentration-dependent increase in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of TCS was observed in both the strains following TCS exposure. Similarly, a concentration-dependent increase in the MICs of oxytetracycline (OTC) up to 4 folds in A. hydrophila, and up to 8 folds in E. tarda, was also documented during the TCS exposure. In all the cases, withdrawal of TCS exposure effectively reduced the MICs of TCS and OTC in blank passages suggesting a decline in acquired resistance. The frequencies of mutation during 30min TCS exposure for E. tarda and A. hydrophila ranged between >10(-6) and 10(-7) levels. Nevertheless, the TCS exposure did not cause any detectable mutation on the fabV gene of A. hydrophila indicating that the TCS may elicit phenotypic adaptation or other resistance mechanism. Although the reduction in MICs due to exposure withdrawal did not restore the bacterial susceptibility up to the initial level, the study proved that the reduced TCS use could significantly help reduce the antimicrobial-resistance and cross-resistance in pathogenic bacteria.","2019-05","309-316",null,180]
["HJ3FWV29","journalArticle",2017,"Fu, Jialun; Yang, Dong; Jin, Min; Liu, Weili; Zhao, Xin; Li, Chenyu; Zhao, Tianyu; Wang, Jingfeng; Gao, Zhixian; Shen, Zhiqiang; Qiu, Zhigang; Li, Jun-Wen","Aquatic animals promote antibiotic resistance gene dissemination in water via conjugation: Role of different regions within the zebra fish intestinal tract, and impact on fish intestinal microbiota.","Molecular ecology",null,null,"10.1111/mec.14255",null,"The aqueous environment is one of many reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes  (ARGs). Fish, as important aquatic animals which possess ideal intestinal niches for bacteria to grow and multiply, may ingest antibiotic resistance bacteria from aqueous environment. The fish gut would be a suitable environment for conjugal gene transfer including those encoding antibiotic resistance. However, little is known in relation to the impact of ingested ARGs or antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) on gut microbiota. Here, we applied the cultivation method, qPCR, nuclear molecular genetic marker and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing technologies to develop a plasmid-mediated ARG transfer model of zebrafish. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the dissemination of ARGs in microbial communities of zebrafish guts after donors carrying self-transferring plasmids that encode ARGs were introduced in aquaria. On average, 15% of faecal bacteria obtained ARGs through RP4-mediated conjugal transfer. The hindgut was the most important intestinal region supporting ARG dissemination, with concentrations of donor and transconjugant cells almost 25 times higher than those of other intestinal segments. Furthermore, in the hindgut where conjugal transfer occurred most actively, there was remarkable upregulation of the mRNA expression of the RP4 plasmid regulatory genes, trbBp and trfAp. Exogenous bacteria seem to alter bacterial communities by increasing Escherichia and Bacteroides species, while decreasing Aeromonas compared with control groups. We identified the composition of transconjugants and abundance of both cultivable and uncultivable bacteria (the latter accounted for 90.4%-97.2% of total transconjugants). Our study suggests that aquatic animal guts contribute to the spread of ARGs in water environments.","2017-10","5318-5333",19,26]
["4VEVWE4G","journalArticle",2011,"Zheng, Beiwen; Tan, Shuguang; Gao, Jia; Han, Huiming; Liu, Jun; Lu, Guangwen; Liu, Di; Yi, Yong; Zhu, Baoli; Gao, George F","An unexpected similarity between antibiotic-resistant NDM-1 and beta-lactamase II from Erythrobacter litoralis.","Protein & cell",null,null,"10.1007/s13238-011-1027-0",null,"NDM-1 (New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase) gene encodes a metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) with high carbapenemase activity, which makes the host bacterial strain easily dispatch the last-resort antibiotics known as carbapenems and cause global concern. Here we present the bioinformatics data showing an unexpected similarity between NDM-1 and beta-lactamase II from Erythrobacter litoralis, a marine microbial isolate. We have further expressed these two mature proteins in E. coli cells, both of which present as a monomer with a molecular mass of 25 kDa. Antimicrobial susceptibility assay reveals that they share similar substrate specificities and are sensitive to aztreonam and tigecycline. The conformational change accompanied with the zinc binding visualized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Zn(2+)-bound NDM-1, adopts at least some stable tertiary structure in contrast to the metal-free protein. Our work implies a close evolutionary relationship between antibiotic resistance genes in environmental reservoir and in the clinic, challenging the antimicrobial resistance monitoring.","2011-03","250-258",3,2]

{"sheet":"Exclude_Imported or No Subnatl","index":4,"n_rows":14,"n_cols":15,"rows_kept":14,"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
["Key","Item Type","Publication Year","Author","Title","Publication Title","ISBN","ISSN","DOI","Url","Abstract Note","Date","Pages","Issue","Volume"]
["5BE4LSXN","journalArticle",2011,"Wang, Fei; Jiang, Lin; Yang, Qianru; Han, Feifei; Chen, Siyi; Pu, Shuaihua; Vance, Amanda; Ge, Beilei","Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of major foodborne pathogens in imported seafood.","Journal of food protection",null,null,"10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-146",null,"Seafood is a leading commodity implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Seafood importation rose dramatically in the past 3 decades and now contributes to more than 80% of the total U.S. seafood supply. However, limited data are available on the microbiological safety of imported seafood. In this study, we obtained a total of 171 salmon, shrimp, and tilapia samples imported from 12 countries in three retail stores in Baton Rouge, LA. The total microbial population and the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of six major foodborne-pathogen genera (Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Listeria, Salmonella, Shigella, and Vibrio) were determined. The aerobic plate counts (APC) for the 171 samples averaged 4.96 log CFU/g, with samples from Chile carrying the highest mean APC of 6.53 log CFU/g and fresh samples having a significantly higher mean APC than frozen ones (P < 0.0001). There were 27 samples (15.8%) with unacceptable microbiological quality (APC > 7 log CFU/g). By culture, no sample tested positive for Campylobacter coli, Shigella, or Vibrio vulnificus. Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were each recovered once from farm-raised tilapia from China. By PCR, 17.5 and 32.2% of the samples were positive for Salmonella and Shigella, respectively. The overall prevalence rates of other target bacteria were low, ranging from 4.1% for Listeria monocytogenes to 9.4% for E. coli. All of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates recovered were from shrimp, and 63.3% showed intermediate resistance to ampicillin. Both C. jejuni isolates possessed a rare resistance to gentamicin, while 75% of L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to nitrofurantoin. Taken together, these findings suggest potential food safety hazards associated with imported seafood and warrant further large-scale studies.","2011-09","1451-1461",9,74]
["23SFBD3B","journalArticle",2017,"Obaidat, Mohammad M; Salman, Alaa E Bani; Roess, Amira A","Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Seafood from Three Developing Countries and of Worldwide Environmental, Seafood, and Clinical Isolates from 2000 to 2017.","Journal of food protection",null,null,"10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-17-156",null,"Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of seafood-associated illness. This study investigated the prevalence, virulence, and antibiotic resistance of V. parahaemolyticus in three low- and middle-income countries. Freshly caught fish samples (n = 330) imported to Jordan from Yemen, India, and Egypt were tested. The overall prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus was 15% (95% confidence interval: 11 to 19%). Three isolates (6%) were positive for the thermostable direct hemolysin-related (trh) gene, and all isolates was negative for the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene. All isolates were resistant to colistin sulfate, neomycin, and kanamycin, and 51 and 43% of isolates were resistant to tetracycline and ampicillin, respectively. Only 4% of the isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and chloramphenicol, and no isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, streptomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid. All isolates were resistant to two classes of antibiotics, and 86% were multidrug resistant (resistant to at least one drug in three or more classes of antibiotics). A literature review of clinical, seafood, and environmental V. parahaemolyticus isolates worldwide revealed high rates of gentamicin and ampicillin resistance, emerging resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, and limited resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and chloramphenicol. Thus, last-resort antibiotics could be ineffective for treating V. parahaemolyticus infections. Several global reports also documented illness outbreaks in humans caused by trh- and tdh-negative V. parahaemolyticus strains. More research is needed to determine whether the presence of these genes is sufficient to classify the strains as virulent.","2017-12","2060-2067",12,80]
["VSXTT39L","journalArticle",2018,"De Silva, Benthotage C J; Hossain, Sabrina; Dahanayake, Pasan S; Heo, Gang-Joon","Frozen White-Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Korean Markets as a Source of Aeromonas spp. Harboring Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes.","Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.)",null,null,"10.1089/mdr.2018.0035",null,"As the most consumed shrimp variety, white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) owns a high market demand in Korea. This study sought to screen the frozen white-leg shrimp for Aeromonas spp. harboring antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance characteristics. A total of 44 Aeromonas spp. strains were isolated and tested for antibiotic susceptibility and heavy metal tolerance followed by PCR-based detection of resistance genes and integrons. It was observed that resistance to ampicillin and oxacillin was 100% among isolates. Besides, 95%, 89%, 86%, 80%, 66%, and 43% of the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, tetracycline, cephalothin, streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and imipenem, respectively, and less resistance to other antibiotics was also observed. Cr resistance was the highest (91%) among five heavy metals tested, whereas 57%, 32%, 20%, and 9% of the isolates were tolerant to Cu, Pb, Cd, and Hg, respectively. The PCR assays implied the presence of qnrB, qnrS, tetA, tetE, aac(6')-Ib, and aphAI-IAB, and intI1 genes among 80%, 77%, 18%, 30%, 9%, 0.25%, and 82% of the isolates, respectively. There were 35 (80%) integron 1-positive isolates harboring qacE2, dfrA1, orfC, orfD, aadB, catB3, oxa-10, and aadA1 genes in varying combinations. In addition, heavy metal resistance genes, CopA, merA, and CzcA were positive in 9%, 7%, and 27% of the isolates, respectively. According to these outcomes, the frozen white-leg shrimp in Korean markets can be suggested as a source of multidrug and heavy metal-resistant Aeromonas spp. that carries genetic determinants.","2018-05"]
["9GQEY85D","journalArticle",2014,"Rubin, Joseph E; Ekanayake, Samantha; Fernando, Champika","Carbapenemase-producing Organism in Food, 2014","Emerging Infectious Diseases",null,null,"10.3201/eid2007.140534",null,null,2014,"1264-1265",7,20]
["WSZ62QED","journalArticle",2006,"Khan, Ashraf A; Cheng, Chorng-Ming; Van, Khanh T; West, Christine Summage; Nawaz, M S; Khan, S A","Characterization of class 1 integron resistance gene cassettes in Salmonella enterica serovars Oslo and Bareily from imported seafood","Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy",null,null,"10.1093/jac/dkl416",null,null,2006,"1308-1310",6,58]
["5L7I8QKR","journalArticle",2008,"Ponce, Elizabeth; Khan, Ashraf A; Cheng, Chorng-Ming; Summage-West, Christine; Cerniglia, Carl E","Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden from imported seafood","Food Microbiology",null,null,"10.1016/j.fm.2007.09.001",null,"During 2001-2005, 2 10 Sahnonella enterica strains were isolated from seafood samples imported into US. Strains of S. enterica serovar Weltevreden were the most predominantly found among the 64 different serovars isolated. A total of 37 Sahnonella Weltevreden isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel clectrophoresis (PFGE), plasmid profiles and antibiotic susceptibility to assess genetic diversity. Our results showed a low frequency of antibiotic resistance; 35 of the 37 isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, sulfisoxazole, streptomycin and kanamycin. Only two isolates, from samples originating in the Philippines and India, showed resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline and to streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and tetracycline, respectively. Of the 37 isolates, two isolates did not carry any plasmid and 35 isolates harbored several small and mega-plasmids. These isolates were differentiated into 10 distinct types based on plasmid profiles. Four different PFGE clusters were obtained with a genetic similarity of 66-76%. Four groups of isolates (formed by two or three isolates each) showed 100% similarity in the PFGE profiles. One of these groups included strains isolated in Vietnam in 2003, 2004 and 2005 from fish and shrimp. The other groups included strains isolated in Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand in 2000, 2004 and 2005 front snail, shrimp and fish. Our findings show genetic diversity and temporal persistence of S. enterica serovar Weltevreden in recently monitored seafood imports. Published by Elsevier Ltd.",2008,"29-35",1,25]
["IPEZZ264","journalArticle",2016,"Janecko, Nicol; Martz, Sarah-Lynn; Avery, Brent P; Daignault, Danielle; Desruisseau, Andrea; Boyd, David; Irwin, Rebecca J; Mulvey, Michael R; Reid-Smith, Richard J","Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter spp. in. Retail Seafood Imported from Southeast Asia to Canada","Emerging Infectious Diseases",null,null,"10.3201/eid2209.160305",null,null,2016,"1675-1677",9,22]
["6UKLRFSM","journalArticle",1996,"Dalsgaard, A; Bjergskov, T; Jeppesen, V F; Jorgensen, L B; Echeverria, P; Dalsgaard, I","Prevalence and characterization of Vibrio cholerae isolated from shrimp products imported into Denmark","Journal of Food Protection",null,null,"10.4315/0362-028x-59.7.694",null,"A total of 3,555 metric tonnes of warm water shrimp were imported into Denmark from December 1994 to July 1995. V. cholerae O1 was not detected in any of the 748 samples analyzed. Non-Ol V. cholerae was found in a single (0.1%) cooked frozen shrimp product and in five (0.7%) raw frozen products, all originating from shrimp produced in aquaculture. Six isolated strains agglutinated in polyvalent O antisera, but did not agglutinate in Ogawa or Inaba antisera. The six strains were resistant to colistin and sulfisoxazole; three strains also showed resistance to ampicillin. None of the strains contained plasmids or genes encoding cholera toxin (CT) or heat-stable enterotoxin (NAG-ST), The absence of V. cholerae O1 and the low number of samples containing CT and NAG-ST negative non-Ol strains in imported shrimp suggest that I! cholerae in such products may not constitute a public health problem.",1996,"694-697",7,59]
["MSE24ITP","journalArticle",2018,"De Silva, B C J; Hossain, Sabrina; Wimalasena, S H M P; Pathirana, H N K S; Heo, Gang-Joon","Putative virulence traits and antibiogram profile of Aeromonas spp. isolated from frozen white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) marketed in Korea","JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY",null,null,"10.1111/jfs.12470",null,"We evaluated 44 strains of Aeromonas spp. consisting of five species; A. hydrophila, A. veronii, A. caviae, A. enteropelogenes, and A. media isolated from frozen white-leg shrimp marketed in Korea. All the isolates were positive in DNase, protease, gelatinase, and lipase tests whereas 29 isolates (66%) were positive for slime production. Ten virulence genes were detected by PCR in which the prevalence of act, alt, ast, aerA, lip, ahyB, ser, fla, gcat, and ascV were 50%, 77%, 72%, 82%, 84%, 93%, 80%, 64%, 84%, and 23%, respectively. As observed in antibiogram, 100% resistance was detected in ampicillin and clindamycin while nalidixic acid, tetracycline, cephalothin, erythromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were resisted by 95%, 89%, 86%, 68%, and 66% of the isolates, respectively. Multiple antibiotic resistance index was >0.20 in 42/44 (95%) of the isolates. Overall, our results indicated that these aeromonads are indicative of a serious public health risk due to their virulence potential and the multiple-antimicrobial resistance. Practical applicationsSimilar to other seafood, shrimp have been identified as vehicles of Aeromonas spp. which are the etiological agents of many foodborne infections. The gyrB gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the occurrence of five species of Aeromonas in frozen white-leg shrimp marketed in Korea. Putative virulence properties were examined by both phenotypic tests and PCR assays whereby majority of the isolates exhibited the virulence both phenotypically and genetically. Besides, the disc diffusion test was carried out to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. Following the results, the MAR index was calculated for each strain thereby suggested their high risk owing to MAR indices higher than 0.20. With our results, frozen white-leg shrimp associated Aeromonas spp., exhibiting potential virulence and antimicrobial resistance, can be considered as a potential public health risk. Moreover, it is noteworthy that freezing the shrimp may not reduce the incidence of pathogenic Aeromonas.","2018-08",null,4,38]
["N6339LE5","journalArticle",2016,"Elhadi, N; Aljeldah, M; Aljindan, R","Microbiological contamination of imported frozen fish marketed in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia","INTERNATIONAL FOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL",{"$nulls":4},"The present study was conducted to determine the bacterial contamination and prevalence of foodborne pathogens in imported frozen fish. A total of 450 imported fish samples {[} 65 catfish (Pangasius pangasius), 45 mirgal (Cirrhinus mrigala), 135 tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), 50 carfoo (Cyprinus carpio), 75 Rohu (Labeo rohita), 35 milk fish (Chanos chanos) and 45 Mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma)] were randomly purchased from different supermarkets. The samples originated from 5 countries, namely, Thailand (n=260), India (n=75), Vietnam (n=35), Myanmar (n=35) and Bahrain (n=45). The isolation and identification were done according to standard bacteriological analytical methods. Out of total samples, 49.1% (95% CI: 44.52 to 53.72) were positive for foodborne pathogens. The highest percentage of positive bacterial contamination were from Vietnam milk fish, 65.7% (95% CI: 49.15 to 79.17), followed by Catfish from Thailand, 58.5% (95% CI: 46.34 to 69.64) and Mirgal from Thailand, 57.8% (95% CI: 4330 to 71.03). The leading bacterial contaminations and foodborne pathogens in these samples were: E. coli (18.6%), Enterococci (14.4%), Pseudomonas (14%) and Salmonella (16.8%), respectively. Correspondingly, the country with the highest odds for pathogens is Thailand, 1.0472 (95% CI: 0.8217 to 1.3347) and the fish with the highest odds for pathogens is Tilapia 0.6667 (95% CI: 0.4000 to 1.1112) followed by catfish, 1.4074 (95% CI: 0.8636 to 2.2938). In Saudi Arabia and to date, comprehensive data regarding the bacterial contamination and prevalence of foodborne pathogens in imported frozen freshwater fish are limited or not available. (C) All Rights Reserved","2016-12","2723-2731",6,23]
["DM2BYD5C","journalArticle",2006,"Nakayama, T; Ito, E; Nomura, N; Matsumura, M","Comparison of Vibrio harveyi strains isolated from shrimp farms and from culture collection in terms of toxicity and antibiotic resistance","Fems Microbiology Letters",null,null,"10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00225.x",null,"Vibrio harveyi strains isolated from shrimp farms (wild strains) were compared with those from culture collections in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and toxicity. Wild strains had higher MIC values for four antibiotics (kanamycin, carbenicillin, oxytetracycline and ampicillin) and also showed higher toxicity compared with culture collection strains. Vibrio harveyi with the lowest antibacterial resistance was chosen to test if a gradual increase in antibiotic concentration and frequent subculture would enhance its antibiotic resistance. Results showed that V. harveyi was able to develop resistance to oxytetracycline. The MIC value was 250 times higher compared with the MIC before subculturing. Moreover, the V. harveyi strain developed slightly higher toxicity. Therefore, it is possible that there is a relationship between antibiotic resistance and toxicity in V. harveyi.",2006,"194-199",2,258]
["J4JHAQQN","journalArticle",2015,"Morrison, Beverly J; Rubin, Joseph E","Carbapenemase Producing Bacteria in the Food Supply Escaping Detection","Plos One",null,null,"10.1371/journal.pone.0126717",null,"Carbapenem antimicrobials are critically important to human health and they are often the only remaining effective antibiotics for treating serious infections. Resistance to these drugs mediated by acquired carbapenemase enzymes is increasingly encountered in gramnegative bacteria and is considered a public health emergency. Animal origin food products are recognized as a potential source of resistant organisms, although carbapenem resistance has only recently been reported. In western countries there are active resistance surveillance programs targeting food animals and retail meat products. These programs primarily target beef, pork and poultry and focus exclusively on E. coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter spp. and Enterococcus spp. This global surveillance strategy does not capture the diversity of foods available nor does it address the presence of resistance gene-bearing mobile genetic elements in non-pathogenic bacterial taxa. To address this gap, a total of 121 seafood products originating in Asia purchased from retail groceries in Canada were tested. Samples were processed using a taxa-independent method for the selective isolation of carbapenem resistant organisms. Isolates were characterized by phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR and DNA sequencing. Carbapenemase producing bacteria, all blaOXA-48, were isolated from 4 (3.3%) of the samples tested. Positive samples originated from China (n=2) and Korea (n=2) and included squid, sea squirt, clams and seafood medley. Carbapenemase producing organisms found include Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Myroides species. These findings suggest that non-pathogenic bacteria, excluded from resistance surveillance programs, in niche market meats may serve as a reservoir of carbapenemase genes in the food supply.",2015,null,5,10]
["TRJXMQZK","journalArticle",2016,"Boss, Renate; Overesch, Gudrun; Baumgartner, Andreas","Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus from Raw Fish and Seafood Imported into Switzerland","JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION",null,null,"10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-463",null,"A total of 44 samples of salmon, pangasius (shark catfish), shrimps, and oysters were tested for the presence of Escherichia coli, enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, which are indicator organisms commonly used in programs to monitor antibiotic resistance. The isolated bacterial strains, confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, were tested against a panel of 29 antimicrobial agents to obtain MICs. Across the four sample types, Enterococcus faecalis (59%) was most common, followed by E. coli (55%), P. aeruginosa (27%), and S. aureus (9%). All bacterial species were resistant to some antibiotics. The highest rates of resistance were in E. faecalis to tetracycline (16%), in E. coli to ciprofloxacin (22%), and in S. aureus to penicillin (56%). Antibiotic resistance was found among all sample types, but salmon and oysters were less burdened than were shrimps and pangasius. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were exclusively found in shrimps and pangasius: 17% of pangasius samples (MDR E. coli and S. aureus) and 64% of shrimps (MDR E. coli, E. faecalis, and S. aureus). Two of these MDR E. coli isolates from shrimps (one from an organic sample) were resistant to seven antimicrobial agents. Based on these findings, E. coli in pangasius, shrimps, and oysters, E. faecalis in pangasius, shrimps, and salmon, and P. aeruginosa in pangasius and shrimps are potential candidates for programs monitoring antimicrobial resistance. Enrichment methods for the detection of MDR bacteria of special public health concern, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus and E. coli producing extended-spectrum b-lactamases and carbapenemases, should be implemented.","2016-07","1240-1246",7,79]

{"sheet":"Exclude_No datasource_phenotyp","index":5,"n_rows":115,"n_cols":15,"rows_kept":115,"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
["Key","Item Type","Publication Year","Author","Title","Publication Title","ISBN","ISSN","DOI","Url","Abstract Note","Date","Pages","Issue","Volume"]
["3QJ8TNCQ","journalArticle",2013,"Ma, Cong; Hao, Xiu-hong X.-H. Xiu-hong; Ma, X.-B. Xue-bin; Li, Dan-dan; Jiang, Xue-bing X.-B. Xue-bing; Li, Yan-jun Y.-J.; Qian, Yanghui; Guo, J.-W. Jian-Wei J.-W.; Cong, M; Hao, Xiu-hong X.-H. Xiu-hong; Ma, X.-B. Xue-bin; Dan-Dan, L; Jiang, Xue-bing X.-B. Xue-bing; Li, Yan-jun Y.-J.; Yanghui, Q; Guo, J.-W. Jian-Wei J.-W.","Antibiotic sensitivity analysis of China marine bacteria","Zhongguo Kangshengsu Zazhi",{"$nulls":3},"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84887563253&partnerID=40&md5=28fe8aeaeff2dad1ad4bc28583de1f1e","Objective To learn about the antibiotic sensitivity of China marine bacteria, provide the reference for infection relative to marine. Methods Marine bacteria from 203 sample collecting points of the China Sea were identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility testings were conducted by using BIOMIC drug sensitivity system. The data were analyzed by WHONET5.4 software. Results Total of 222 strains Vibrio, 100 strains Enterobacteriaceae and 87 strains Nonfermenters were isolated from 569 strains bacteria in China marine. Vibrio More than 85% of Vibrio stains were susceptive to imipenem, levofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and third/fourth generation cephalosporin in China marine. Higher than 40% and 20% of Vibrio stains were resistant to ampicillin and piperacillin respectively. There was significance of antibiotic resistance rate of Vibrionaceae in different marine with Chi-square test (P<0.05). The resistance rate was highest in Bohai, while lowest in Nanhai. Enterobacteriaceae More than 90% of Enterobacteria stains were susceptive to carbapenems, and up to 30% were resistant to piperacillin in China marine. To some extent, overall 23 antibiotics resistance of Enterobacteria in Yellow sea. Nonfermenters More than 80% of Nonfermenters stains were susceptive to carbapenems, and on average 30% were resistant to sulfanilamide in China marine. Conclusions Varying degrees of drug resistance of China marine bacteria can be found in clinical common use antibiotics, which suggest us reasonable using antibiotics and reducing its environmental pollution.",2013,"53-58",1,38]
["SPX4TMH8","journalArticle",2017,"Ramírez-Paredes, J G; Thompson, Kim D; Metselaar, Matthijs; Shahin, Khalid; Soto, Esteban; Richards, Randolph H; Penman, David J; Colquhoun, Duncan J; Adams, Alexandra; Ramirez-Paredes, Jose G; Thompson, Kim D; Metselaar, Matthijs; Shahin, Khalid; Soto, Esteban; Richards, Randolph H; Penman, David J; Colquhoun, Duncan J; Adams, Alexandra; Ramírez-Paredes, J G; Thompson, Kim D; Metselaar, Matthijs; Shahin, Khalid; Soto, Esteban; Richards, Randolph H; Penman, David J; Colquhoun, Duncan J; Adams, Alexandra; Ramirez-Paredes, Jose G; Thompson, Kim D; Metselaar, Matthijs; Shahin, Khalid; Soto, Esteban; Richards, Randolph H; Penman, David J; Colquhoun, Duncan J; Adams, Alexandra","A polyphasic approach for phenotypic and genetic characterization of the fastidious aquatic pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis","Frontiers in Microbiology",null,null,"10.3389/fmicb.2017.02324","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85037726850&doi=10.3389%2Ffmicb.2017.02324&partnerID=40&md5=443e7b73a858e576c47f8d6065a7cf18","Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno) is the causative agent of piscine francisellosis, an emerging infectious disease in Asia and Latin America. In this study two outbreaks of francisellosis were diagnosed in the UK on the basis of histopathology, electron microscopy, PCR, bacterial isolation and fulfillment of Koch's postulates. Furthermore, a phenotypic fingerprint based on biochemical analyses, metabolic activity, chemotaxonomic composition, and antimicrobial assays was generated for the novel isolates, the Fno type strain Ehime-1 from Asia and other Fno from Latin America. The genetic relatedness between the novel Fno and other Francisellaceae species was investigated by sequencing and comparing the 16SrRNA gene, 8 housekeeping genes (individually and concatenated) and the 16SrRNA-ITS-23SrRNA sequence. The phenotypic profiling indicated a high degree of similarity among the Fno strains as all were able to metabolize dextrin, N-acetyl-D glucosamine, D-fructose, a-D-glucose, D-mannose, methyl pyruvate, acetic acid, a-keto butyric acid, L-alaninamide, L-alanine, L-alanylglycine, L-asparagine, L-glutamic acid, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, inosine, uridine, glycerol, D L-a-glycerol phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, and glucose-6-phosphate. The chemotaxonomic analyses indicated that 24:1 (20.3%), 18:1n-9 (16.9%), 24:0 (13.1%) 14:0 (10.9%), 22:0 (7.8%), 16:0 (7.6%), and 18:0 (5.5%) were the predominant structural fatty acids in Fno. The antimicrobial assays showed little variation between the isolates and high susceptibility to enrofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, nitrofurantoin, tobramycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, florfenicol, oxolinic acid, and streptomycin in all the Fno analyzed. In all the phylogenetic trees the Fno strains clustered together in independent branches confirming a high degree of homogeneity. Interestingly in five of the 11 trees i.e., mutS, putA, rpoB, 16SrRNA-ITS-23SrRNA, and concatenated sequence the two Francisella noatunensis ssp. diverged more from each other than from the closely related Francisella philomiragia (Fp). The phenotypic and genetic characterization confirmed the Fno isolates represent a solid phylo-phenetic taxon that in the current context of the genus seems to be misplaced within the species Fn. We propose the use of the present polyphasic approach in future studies to characterize strains of Fnn and Fp and verify their current taxonomic rank of Fno and other aquatic Francisella spp. © 2017 Ramírez-Paredes, Thompson, Metselaar, Shahin, Soto, Richards, Penman, Colquhoun and Adams.",2017,"2324-2324","DEC",8]
["9Z2HU7YR","journalArticle",2017,"Kahraman, Beren Basaran; Dumen, Emek; Issa, Ghassan; Kahraman, Tolga; Ikiz, Serkan","Incidence of Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides in Seafoods","TURKISH JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES",null,null,"10.4194/1303-2712-v17_6_24",null,"The present study was conducted to investigate the incidence of the pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides in 700 seafoods (400 raw fish, 100 raw shrimps and 200 raw mollusks) collected from retailers. Isolations were performed by conventional culture methods. The isolates were also confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. A. hydrophila and P. shigelloides were detected in 5.71% and 0.86% seafood samples, respectively. The highest rate of A. hydrophila (15%) was found in shrimp samples. P. shigelloides were only isolated from fish samples. The study is showed that effective methods to eliminate the Aeromonas and Plesiomonas species are needed.","2017-11","1309-1312",6,17]
["D39HW5UD","journalArticle",2004,"Kinoshita, Chie; Horita, Rie; Hashimoto, Kouji; Kondo, Masaharu; Matsueda, Tomoko; Sagawa, Kimitaka","[Seasonal change of Vibrio vulnificus in the slime of tidal flats, seawater, and  fishes collected along Ariake Sea, Japan].","Rinsho byori. The Japanese journal of clinical pathology",{"$nulls":4},"To investigate the seasonal change of Vibrio vulnificus in Ariake Sea, Japan, we  attempted to isolate V. vulnificus from the slime of tidal flats, seawater, and fishes obtained from three harbors along Ariake Sea. The sample were collected twice a month from January to December, 2001. Also, we determined the biological characteristics of the individual isolates. V. vulnificus were isolated throughout the year, but the isolation ratios were higher during the warmer season from June to October. The isolates in the warmer season were able to grow in culture media containing 0.5% NaCl, whereas those isolated in the remaining seasons could not. Moreover, the isolates in the warmer season showed a greater hemolytic activity than those isolated in the remaining seasons. These results suggest that V. vulnificus isolated in warmer seasons are more vigorous in nature than those isolated in the remaining seasons.","2004-07","580-586",7,52]
["T2VCT45T","journalArticle",2009,"Dang, Hongyue; Zhao, Jingyi; Song, Linsheng; Chen, Mingna; Chang, Yaqing","Molecular characterizations of chloramphenicol- and oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in mariculture waters of China.","Marine pollution bulletin",null,null,"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.02.016",null,"In order to gain an understanding of the diversity and distribution of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in maricultural environments, multidrug-resistant bacteria were screened for the rearing waters from a mariculture farm of China. Both abalone Haliotis discushannai and turbot Scophthalmus maximus rearing waters were populated with abundant chloramphenicol-resistant bacteria. These bacteria were also multidrug resistant, with Vibriosplendidus and Vibriotasmaniensis being the most predominant species. The chloramphenicol-resistance gene cat II, cat IV or floR could be detected in most of the multidrug-resistant isolates, and the oxytetracycline-resistance gene tet(B), tet(D), tet(E) or tet(M) could also be detected for most of the isolates. Coexistence of chloramphenicol- and oxytetracycline-resistance genes partially explains the molecular mechanism of multidrug resistance in the studied maricultural environments. Comparative studies with different antimicrobial agents as the starting isolation reagents may help detect a wider diversity of the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes.","2009-07","987-994",7,58]
["G7FYFBCI","journalArticle",2005,"Asai, Tetsuo; Kojima, Akemi; Harada, Kazuki; Ishihara, Kanako; Takahashi, Toshio; Tamura, Yutaka","Correlation between the usage volume of veterinary therapeutic antimicrobials and resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from the feces of food-producing animals in Japan.","Japanese journal of infectious diseases",{"$nulls":4},"We compared the overall usage of veterinary therapeutic antimicrobials in Japan to the proportion of antimicrobial-resistant. Escherichia coli isolated from the feces of apparently healthy food-producing animals in 2001. The annual sales volume of veterinary antimicrobials, which is published and accumulated information, was subdivided according to the target animal species (cattle, pigs, broiler chickens, and layer chickens). The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was examined against 7 classes of 11 antimicrobials. The rates of antimicrobial resistance among the isolates were found to correlate significantly with the usage of antimicrobial agents in cattle, pigs, and broiler and layer chickens. Therefore, the overall usage of veterinary antimicrobials appears to contribute to the appearance of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolates from apparently healthy food-producing animals.","2005-12","369-372",6,58]
["LJE82LKA","journalArticle",2008,"Ram, S; Vajpayee, P; Tripathi, U; Singh, R L; Seth, P K; Shanker, R","Determination of antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene signatures in surface water isolates of Escherichia coli.","Journal of applied microbiology",null,null,"10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03879.x",null,"AIMS: To determine the occurrence of Escherichia coli harbouring virulence markers of shiga- or entero-toxins and resistance to antimicrobials in surface waters. METHODS AND RESULTS: Surface water samples were collected at six locations of the river Gomti. E. coli isolates (n = 90) were characterized for their pathogenic potential using polymerase chain reaction to detect virulence genes as well as their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents using disc diffusion methods. In this study, 57.8% of E. coli isolates exhibited resistance to three or more antimicrobial agents. Sensitivity to cephotaxime, gentamicin and norfloxacin was observed in 7.8%, 48.9% and 77.8% of isolates, respectively. Both stx1 and stx2 genes were present in 15.6% of isolates while remaining isolates had either stx1 (17.8%) or stx2 (6.7%). The stx1 gene (33.3%) was more prevalent than stx2 (22.2%). The results indicate that the LT1 and ST1 genes were positive in 21.2% of isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of multi-drug resistance and virulence genes in E. coli isolated from surface water being used for domestic and recreational purposes may result in waterborne outbreaks. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The data will be useful in monitoring surface waters for forecasting and management of waterborne outbreaks.","2008-12","1899-1908",6,105]
["MMGS8M6E","journalArticle",2008,"Kumar, Praveen; Peter, Wilson A; Thomas, Sabu","Detection of virulence genes in Vibrio cholerae isolated from aquatic environment in Kerala, Southern India.","Applied biochemistry and biotechnology",null,null,"10.1007/s12010-008-8184-5",null,"Vibrio cholerae is the etiologic agent of cholera. It is an autochthonous inhabitant of all aquatic environments. The virulence of V. cholerae is maintained by the CTX genetic element and tcpA gene. In the present investigation, environmental strains of V. cholerae isolated from different aquatic biotopes in Kerala were identified and serotyped. The antibiotic resistance pattern and presence of virulence and regulatory genes were examined. We found the presence of toxigenic non-O1/non-O139 strains harboring the CTX genetic element, heat-stable enterotoxin, rtxA gene, El Tor hemolysin, and Vibrio pathogenicity island (VPI). The strains also produced the cholera toxin (CT) as determined by monosialoganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A few strains belonging to the O1 serogroup but lacking the CTX genetic element were also observed. The majority of the environmental strains belonged to non-O1/non-O139 serogroup with many possessing toxR, ompU, heat-stable enterotoxin, and rtxA gene. The toxigenic non-O1/non-O139 strains exhibited resistance to trimethoprim, ampicillin, and polymixin B and intermediate resistance to co-trimoxazole. However, all other environmental strains were found resistant to ampicillin and polymixin B. Our findings demonstrate that the virulence genes are dispersed among the environmental strains of V. cholerae and a complex aquatic environment can give rise to pathogenic V. cholerae.","2008-12","256-262","2021-02-03",151]
["SLRJBHQF","journalArticle",2019,"Zhang, Dong-Xing; Kang, Yuan-Huan; Song, Ming-Fang; Shu, Hui-Ping; Guo, Song-Ning; Jia, Jun-Peng; Tao, Luo-Tao; Zhao, Ze-Lin; Zhang, Lei; Wang, Chun-Feng; Wang, Gui-Qin; Qian, Ai-Dong; Shan, Xiao-Feng","Identity and virulence properties of Aeromonas isolates from healthy Northern snakehead (Channa argus) in China.","Letters in applied microbiology",null,null,"10.1111/lam.13172",null,"Members of the genus Aeromonas are opportunistic pathogen of a variety of aquatic animals that exhibits multi-drug resistance, phenotypes, virulence genes, and virulence. The present study described the species distribution and the potential pathogenicity of Aeromonas isolated from healthy Northern snakehead (Channa argus) in China. Molecular identification revealed that A. veronii biovar veronii (69/167; 41.3%) and A.hydrophila (41/167; 24.6%) were the most common species found in Northern snakehead intestine based on sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and DNA gyrase subunit B protein. The distribution of seven virulence factors including aer (84.4%), act (80.8%), ser (40.1%), Aha (27.5%), lip (23.4%), exu (15.0%), and LuxS (12.6%) were determined exclusively in Aeromonas isolates. All the seven virulence genes were present in 9.6% (16/167), among which 11 strains were identified as A. veronii biovar veronii. For the strains harboring seven virulence genes, the 50% lethal doses (LD50 ) of isolates were lower compared to the isolates carrying two virulence genes. The challenge tests revealed that isolate W31 had the lowest lethal dose, causing 50% mortality at 4.5x10(3) colony forming units (CFU)/mL. Furthermore, histopathology of Northern snakehead infected with Aeromonas strains showed necrosis and congestion in liver, spleen and kidney and also damage to the intestine. This study confirms that the Aeromonas strains isolated from healthy Northern snakehead may be a cause of concern for public health. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","2019-05"]
["B9GS349K","journalArticle",2019,"Zhang, Zheng; Yu, Yong-Xiang; Jiang, Yong; Wang, Yin-Geng; Liao, Mei-Jie; Rong, Xiao-Jun; Wang, Kai; Zhang, Hao; Chen, Jing","First report of isolation and complete genome of Vibrio rotiferianus strain SSVR1601 from cage-cultured black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) associated with skin ulcer.","Journal of fish diseases",null,null,"10.1111/jfd.12963",null,"Vibrio rotiferianus is an important marine pathogen of various aquatic organisms  and can be found widely distributed in the marine environment. To further characterize this pathogen, the pathogenic properties and genome of V. rotiferianus SSVR1601 isolated from Sebastes schlegelii with skin ulcer were analysed. SSVR1601 was shown to be short rod-shaped cell with a single polar flagellum. Different degrees of pathological changes in fish kidney, intestine, gills and liver were observed after SSVR1601 challenge. The SSVR1601 genome consists of two chromosomes and two plasmids with a total of 5,717,113 bp, 42.04%-44.93% GC content, 5,269 predicted CDSs, 134 tRNAs and 40 rRNAs. The common virulence factors including OMPs, haemolysin, flagellin, DNase, entF, algU, tcpI, acfB and rfaD were found in strain SSVR1601. Furthermore, factors responsible for iron uptake (fur, fepC and ccmC) and types II, IV and VI secretion systems were detected, which are likely responsible for the pathogenicity of SSVR1601. The antimicrobial resistance genes, bacA, tet34 and norM, were detected based on Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database. The phylogenetic analysis revealed SSVR1601 to be most closely related to V. rotiferianus strains CAIM577 and B64D1.","2019-05","623-630",5,42]
["2QECTH88","journalArticle",2019,"Tyagi, Anuj; Singh, Balwinder; Billekallu Thammegowda, Naveen K; Singh, Niraj K","Shotgun metagenomics offers novel insights into taxonomic compositions, metabolic pathways and antibiotic resistance genes in fish gut microbiome.","Archives of microbiology",null,null,"10.1007/s00203-018-1615-y",null,"Gut microbiota of freshwater carp (Labeo rohita) was investigated by shotgun metagenomics to understand its taxonomic composition and functional capabilities. With the presence of 36 phyla, 326 families and 985 genera, the fish gut microbiota was found to be quite diverse in nature. However, at the phylum level, more than three-fourths of gut microbes belonged to Proteobacteria. Very low prevalence of commonly used probiotic bacteria (Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Lactococcus) in fish gut suggested the need to search for alternative probiotics for aquaculture use. Biosynthesis pathways were found to be the most dominant (51%) followed by degradation (39%), energy metabolism (4%) and fermentation (2%). In conformity with herbivorous feeding habit of L. rohita, gut microbiome also had pathways for the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, chitin, pectin, starch, and other complex carbohydrates. High prevalence of Actinobacteria and antibiotic biosynthesis pathways in the fish gut microbiome indicated its potential for bioprospecting of potentially novel natural antibiotics. Fifty-one different types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) belonging to 15 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene families and conferring resistance against 24 antibiotic types were detected in fish gut. Some of the ARGs for multi-drug resistance were also found to be located on sequences of plasmid origin. The presence of pathogenic bacteria and ARGs on plasmid sequences suggested the potential risk due to horizontal gene transfer in the confined gut environment. The role of ARGs in fish gut microbiome needs further investigations.","2019-04","295-303",3,201]
["8XLPEVHG","journalArticle",2019,"Klase, Gary; Lee, Seungjun; Liang, Song; Kim, Jinnam; Zo, Young-Gun; Lee, Jiyoung","The microbiome and antibiotic resistance in integrated fishfarm water: Implications of environmental public health.","The Science of the total environment",null,null,"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.288",null,"Aquaculture, the production of farm-raised fish, is a major industry that employs and feeds millions of individuals across the globe, but which may also be a nexus of emerging public health threats. This study examined potential health risks associated with integrated aquaculture operations by with One Health approach using a suite of tools to study water contamination sources, pathogens, antibiotic resistant bacteria, and bacterial community in the water from fishponds. Water samples from 27 fishponds across 9 villages were collected in Jiangmen City, China. Microbial source tracking, pathogens (including Salmonella and Arcobacter), toxin-producing Microcystis, and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) resistant to tetracycline, sulfonamide, and carbapenem were quantified with qPCR. Bacterial community was determined with next-generation sequencing. All ponds exceeded E. coli single-day maximum criteria of US, and 67% ponds exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) waste-fed aquaculture guidelines for protecting consumers and pond workers, representing a high degree of fecal contamination and potential pathogen risks in these ponds. The majority of the ponds were positive for human- (84%) and pig- (41%) associated fecal contamination. Salmonella and microcystin-producing Microcystis were detected in 37% and 15% of the ponds, respectively, while Arcobacter was not detected in any ponds. ARB were highly prevalent. Among the measured factors, canonical correspondence analysis and network analysis demonstrated that secchi depth, temperature and conductivity were the major environmental elements impacting the bacterial community structure, while Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the major biological factor. This study demonstrated the presence of intersecting health risk factors in aquaculture facilities and can lay the foundation for addressing these risks in aquaculture management in rural China, with potential applicability in other developing regions dependent on aquaculture.","2019-02","1491-1501",null,649]
["CC23HN6A","journalArticle",2019,"Lopez-Perez, Mario; Jayakumar, Jane M; Haro-Moreno, Jose M; Zaragoza-Solas, Asier; Reddi, Geethika; Rodriguez-Valera, Francisco; Shapiro, Orr H; Alam, Munirul; Almagro-Moreno, Salvador","Evolutionary Model of Cluster Divergence of the Emergent Marine Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus: From Genotype to Ecotype.","mBio",null,null,"10.1128/mBio.02852-18",null,"Vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic pathogen, is the causative agent of a life-threatening septicemia and a rising problem for aquaculture worldwide. The genetic factors that differentiate its clinical and environmental strains remain enigmatic. Furthermore, clinical strains have emerged from every clade of V. vulnificus In this work, we investigated the underlying genomic properties and population dynamics of the V. vulnificus species from an evolutionary and ecological point of view. Genome comparisons and bioinformatic analyses of 113 V. vulnificus isolates indicate that the population of V. vulnificus is made up of four different clusters. We found evidence that recombination and gene flow between the two largest clusters (cluster 1 [C1] and C2) have drastically decreased to the point where they are diverging independently. Pangenome and phenotypic analyses showed two markedly different lifestyles for these two clusters, indicating commensal (C2) and bloomer (C1) ecotypes, with differences in carbohydrate utilization, defense systems, and chemotaxis, among other characteristics. Nonetheless, we identified frequent intra- and interspecies exchange of mobile genetic elements (e.g., antibiotic resistance plasmids, novel \"chromids,\" or two different and concurrent type VI secretion systems) that provide high levels of genetic diversity in the population. Surprisingly, we identified strains from both clusters in the mucosa of aquaculture species, indicating that manmade niches are bringing strains from the two clusters together. We propose an evolutionary model of V. vulnificus that could be broadly applicable to other pathogenic vibrios and facultative bacterial pathogens to pursue strategies to prevent their infections and emergence.IMPORTANCE Vibrio vulnificus is an emergent marine pathogen and is the cause of a deadly septicemia. However, the genetic factors that differentiate its clinical and environmental strains and its several biotypes remain mostly enigmatic. In this work, we investigated the underlying genomic properties and population dynamics of the V. vulnificus species to elucidate the traits that make these strains emerge as a human pathogen. The acquisition of different ecological determinants could have allowed the development of highly divergent clusters with different lifestyles within the same environment. However, we identified strains from both clusters in the mucosa of aquaculture species, indicating that manmade niches are bringing strains from the two clusters together, posing a potential risk of recombination and of emergence of novel variants. We propose a new evolutionary model that provides a perspective that could be broadly applicable to other pathogenic vibrios and facultative bacterial pathogens to pursue strategies to prevent their infections.","2019-02",null,1,10]
["ZSV2QC8X","journalArticle",2019,"Zhou, Renjun; Zeng, Shenzheng; Hou, Dongwei; Liu, Jian; Weng, Shaoping; He, Jianguo; Huang, Zhijian","Occurrence of human pathogenic bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes revealed by metagenomic approach: A case study from an aquatic environment.","Journal of environmental sciences (China)",null,null,"10.1016/j.jes.2019.01.001",null,"Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), human pathogenic bacteria (HPB), and HPB carrying ARGs are public issues that pose a high risk to aquatic environments and public health. Their diversity and abundance in water, intestine, and sediments of shrimp culture pond were investigated using metagenomic approach. A total of 19 classes of ARGs, 52 HPB species, and 7 species of HPB carrying ARGs were found. Additionally, 157, 104, and 86 subtypes of ARGs were detected in shrimp intestine, pond water, and sediment samples, respectively. In all the samples, multidrug resistance genes were the highest abundant class of ARGs. The dominant HPB was Enterococcus faecalis in shrimp intestine, Vibrio parahaemolyticus in sediments, and Mycobacterium yongonense in water, respectively. Moreover, E. faecalis (contig Intestine_364647) and Enterococcus faecium (contig Intestine_80272) carrying efrA, efrB and ANT(6)-Ia were found in shrimp intestine, Desulfosaricina cetonica (contig Sediment_825143) and Escherichia coli (contig Sediment_188430) carrying mexB and APH(3')-IIa were found in sediments, and Laribacter hongkongensis (contig Water_478168 and Water_369477), Shigella sonnei (contig Water_880246), and Acinetobacter baumannii (contig Water_525520) carrying sul1, sul2, ereA, qacH, OXA-21, and mphD were found in pond water. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) analysis indicated that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of integrons, insertion sequences, and plasmids existed in shrimp intestine, sediment, and water samples, and the abundance of integrons was higher than that of other two MGEs. The results suggested that HPB carrying ARGs potentially existed in aquatic environments, and that these contributed to the environment and public health risk evaluation.","2019-06","248-256",null,80]
["YH5EG2RV","journalArticle",2019,"Keisam, Santosh; Tuikhar, Ngangyola; Ahmed, Giasuddin; Jeyaram, Kumaraswamy","Toxigenic and pathogenic potential of enteric bacterial pathogens prevalent in the traditional fermented foods marketed in the Northeast region of India.","International journal of food microbiology",null,null,"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.02.012",null,"The microbial risk involved with natural food fermentation is largely unknown. Here, we report the prevalence of enteric bacterial pathogens in the traditional fermented foods marketed in Northeast region of India. A total of 682 samples of 39 food types (broadly categorized into fermented soybean, bamboo shoot, fish, milk and pork products) collected over four different seasons from seven states of India were analyzed in this study. Cultivation-independent analysis by MiSeq amplicon sequencing of V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene showed the bacterial community structure in the foods. Among the WHO prioritized foodborne bacterial pathogens, we detected the prevalence of phylotypes related to Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli in these ethnic foods. We also observed the occurrence of other well known human enteric pathogens like Proteus mirabilis, Clostridium difficile, and Yersinia enterocolitica. Further pathogen-specific qPCR assays confirmed a higher population (>10(7)cells/g) of B. cereus, P. mirabilis, and a C. botulinum related phylotype in the fermented soybean, fish, and pork products. We noticed a general trend of higher pathogen occurrence during the colder months without any seasonal variation of total bacterial load in the fermented foods. Further qPCR analysis on toxigenic and pathogenic potential, and toxins production by immunoassays showed that all the soybean samples and the isolated B. cereus cultures were positive for diarrheal toxins (Nhe and Hb1), and nearly half of the samples were positive for emetic toxin (cereulide). Similarly, the food samples and associated swarming P. mirabilis cultures were positive with the pathogenic factors like hemolysin (hpm), urease (ure) and multidrug resistance. However, we could not confirm the presence of botulinum neurotoxin (toxins A, B, E, and F) in the C. botulinum positive food samples. This is the first baseline data of the enteric bacterial pathogens prevalent in the traditional fermented foods of India, which will support the sustained effort of WHO to estimate the global foodborne disease burden. The unusual presence of P. mirabilis in the fermented foods marketed in the Indian region with high incidence of urolithiasis cases is a concern. Our study emphasizes the need of the hour to have a coordinated action to control and prevent the spread of enteric bacterial pathogens through fermented foods marketed in India. Moreover, replacing the indigenous process with a defined starter culture based controlled fermentation will enhance the safety of Indian fermented foods.","2019-05","21-30",null,296]
["NRJJU8RM","journalArticle",2018,"Devadas, Sridevi; Bhassu, Subha; Christie Soo, Tze Chiew; Mohamed Iqbal, Suhaina Nashath; Yusoff, Fatimah M; Shariff, Mohamed","Draft Genome Sequence of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strain, KS17.S5-1, with Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Genes, Which Causes Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease in Penaeus monodon in the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia.","Microbiology resource announcements",null,null,"10.1128/MRA.00829-18",null,"We report the first draft genome sequence of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain (Vp AHPND), which causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in Penaeus monodon. The strain has a pVA1-like plasmid carrying pirAvp and pirBvp genes. Whole-genome comparisons revealed >98% similarity to Vp AHPND isolates from Thailand, Mexico, and Vietnam.","2018-07",null,2,7]
["VIXF9LMD","journalArticle",2019,"Tan, Chun K; Natrah, Ikhsan; Suyub, Iswan B; Edward, Marilyn J; Kaman, Nazrien; Samsudin, Anjas A","Comparative study of gut microbiota in wild and captive Malaysian Mahseer (Tor tambroides).","MicrobiologyOpen",null,null,"10.1002/mbo3.734",null,"AIMS: The aim of this study was to identify and compare the gut microbial community of wild and captive Tor tambroides through 16S rDNA metagenetic sequencing followed by functions prediction. METHODS AND RESULTS: The library of 16S rDNA V3-V4 hypervariable regions of gut microbiota was amplified and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. The sequencing data were analyzed using Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) pipeline and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt). The most abundant bacterial phyla in both wild and captive T. tambroides were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Cetobacterium spp., Peptostreptococcaceae family, Bacteroides spp., Phosphate solubilizing bacteria PSB-M-3, and Vibrio spp. were five most abundant OTU in wild T. tambroides as compared to Cetobacterium spp., Citrobacter spp., Aeromonadaceae family, Peptostreptococcaceae family and Turicibacter spp. in captive T. tambroides. CONCLUSION: In this study, the specimens of the wild T. tambroides contain more diverse gut microbiota than of the captive ones. The results suggested that Cetobacterium spp. is one of the core microbiota in guts of T. tambroides. Besides, high abundant Bacteroides spp., Citrobacter spp., Turicibacter spp., and Bacillus spp. may provide important functions in T. tambroides guts. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The results of this study provide significant information of T. tambroides gut microbiota for further understanding of their physiological functions including growth and disease resistance.","2019-05","e00734-e00734",5,8]
["JLQZ3BCB","journalArticle",2019,"Zhou, Qin; Wang, Mianzhi; Zhong, Xiaoxia; Liu, Peng; Xie, Xiying; Wangxiao, Junyi; Sun, Yongxue","Dissemination of resistance genes in duck/fish polyculture ponds in Guangdong Province: correlations between Cu and Zn and antibiotic resistance genes.","Environmental science and pollution research international",null,null,"10.1007/s11356-018-04065-2",null,"Duck/fish polyculture farming is a typical farming model in the Pearl River delta in southern China. We examined soil, water, and sediment samples from three duck-fish farms in Guangdong Province in September and December 2014. We determined the abundance of three metal resistance genes, 16S rDNA, and 23 antibiotic resistance genes encoding resistance to tetracycline, sulfonamides, quinolones, chloramphenicol, and beta-lactamases. Microbial community structure was quantified by Illumina high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA genes. We found a prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes and the sul1, sul2, tetA, tetM, aac(6')-Ib, and floR genes were the most abundant. Levels of Cu and Zn were significantly correlated with numerous ARG types and sul2, floR, and tetM were identified as potential antibiotic resistance gene indicators. Cu levels were significantly and positively correlated with the relative abundance of sul3, tetT, tetW, qnrB, qnrS, fexB, sul1, sul2, tetM, and qnrA. Zn was significantly correlated to relative abundance of sul2, sul3, tetM, tetA, tetT, tetW, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib, qepA, blaSHV, cmlA, floR, fexA, cfr, and fexB. The levels of Acinetobacter, Brevibacillus, and Wautersiella showed significant positive correlations with metal resistance genes as well as qnrB, oqxA, oqxB, and blaSHV (p > 0.8). Sphingobacterium, Flavobacterium, Acidothermus, and Corynebacterium had significant correlations with abundance of tetracycline resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, blaTEM, blaCTX, and cfr (p > 0.8). Sphingobacterium, Flavobacterium, Acidothermus, and Corynebacterium were most abundant in soil samples while Acinetobacter, Brevibacillus, and Wautersiella were most abundant in water samples. Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in aquaculture environments is extensive and tracing their origins is necessary to establish risk assessment methods required for aquatic environmental protection.","2019-03","8182-8193",8,26]
["MNPHCKNX","journalArticle",2017,"Yang, Ji Hye; Mok, Jong Soo; Jung, Yeoun Joong; Lee, Ka Jeong; Kwon, Ji Young; Park, Kunbawui; Moon, Seong Yong; Kwon, Soon Jae; Ryu, A Ra; Lee, Tea Seek","Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio species associated with zooplankton in coastal area of Korea.","Marine pollution bulletin",null,null,"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.054",null,"Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus are the most common pathogens causing seafood-borne illnesses in Korea. This study determines the abundance and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic Vibrio species in seawater and zooplankton samples from the Geoje Island coast in Korea, which is an important area for coastal fisheries, the fishing industry, and tourism. The two Vibrio species were detected more in mesozooplankton samples than in seawater samples. V. parahaemolyticus isolates showed greater resistance than those of V. vulnificus for antimicrobials. Of V. parahaemolyticus isolates, 93.3% exhibited resistance to three or more antimicrobial agents. Conversely, more than 80% of V. vulnificus isolates showed susceptibility to all antimicrobials examined, with the exception of rifampicin. Our findings show that strong antimicrobial resistance of V. parahaemolyticus in the surveyed area was exposed to conventionally used antibiotics, therefore necessitating proper surveillance programs for the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance patterns in seawater bodies and aquatic animals.","2017-12","39-44","2021-01-02",125]
["IDXAL84P","journalArticle",2017,"Yang, Dong; Qiu, Zhigang; Shen, Zhiqiang; Zhao, Hong; Jin, Min; Li, Huaying; Liu, Weili; Li, Jun-Wen","The Occurrence of the Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in the Haihe River (China).","International journal of environmental research and public health",null,null,"10.3390/ijerph14060576",null,"Antibiotic failure is occurring worldwide. In a routine surveillance study on antibioticresistance genes (ARGs) in natural water bodies, we noted the detection of colistin-resistance gene mcr-1, previously identified in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from human beings and animals in several countries. The mcr-1 gene might be present in water environments, because aquatic ecosystems are recognized as reservoirs for antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and ARGs. In this study, a qPCR assay was developed to monitor and quantify the mcr-1 gene in the Haihe River, China. The results showed that all 18 samples collected from different locations over 6 months along the Haihe River were positive for the mcr-1 gene, and the highest level of mcr-1 reached 3.81 x 105 gene copies (GC) per liter of water. This is the first study to quantify mcr-1 in a natural water system by qPCR. Our findings highlight the potential for this antibiotic resistance determinant to spread extensively, suggesting a significant health and ecological impact.","2017-05",null,6,14]
["S4W25MM5","journalArticle",2017,"Zhang, Yulei; Zhao, Lijuan; Chen, Wenjie; Huang, Yunmao; Yang, Ling; Sarathbabu, V; Wu, Zaohe; Li, Jun; Nie, Pin; Lin, Li","Complete genome sequence analysis of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare provides insights into antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity related genes.","Microbial pathogenesis",null,null,"10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.035",null,"We analyzed here the complete genome sequences of a highly virulent Flavobacterium columnare Pf1 strain isolated in our laboratory. The complete genome consists of a 3,171,081 bp circular DNA with 2784 predicted protein-coding genes. Among these, 286 genes were predicted as antibiotic resistance genes, including 32 RND-type efflux pump related genes which were associated with the export of aminoglycosides, indicating inducible aminoglycosides resistances in F. columnare. On the other hand, 328 genes were predicted as pathogenicity related genes which could be classified as virulence factors, gliding motility proteins, adhesins, and many putative secreted proteases. These genes were probably involved in the colonization, invasion and destruction of fish tissues during the infection of F. columnare. Apparently, our obtained complete genome sequences provide the basis for the explanation of the interactions between the F. columnare and the infected fish. The predicted antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity related genes will shed a new light on the development of more efficient preventional strategies against the infection of F. columnare, which is a major worldwide fish pathogen.","2017-10","203-211",null,111]
["A49SMYFG","journalArticle",2018,"Ngo, T P H; Smith, P; Bartie, K L; Thompson, K D; Verner-Jeffreys, D W; Hoare, R; Adams, A","Antimicrobial susceptibility of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates from the United Kingdom.","Journal of fish diseases",null,null,"10.1111/jfd.12730",null,"Routine application of antimicrobials is the current treatment of choice for rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) or bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum. In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 133 F. psychrophilum isolates, 118 of which were from the UK, were evaluated by broth microdilution and disc diffusion methods following VET04-A2 and VET03-A guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), respectively. Isolates were categorized as wild type (fully susceptible, WT) or non-wild type (NWT) using normalized resistance interpretation (NRI)-determined cut-off values (COWT ). Broth microdilution testing showed that only 12% of UK isolates were WT to oxolinic acid (MIC COWT </= 0.25 mg/L) and 42% were WT for oxytetracycline (MIC COWT </= 0.25 mg/L). In contrast, all the isolates tested were WT (MIC COWT </= 2 mg/L) for florfenicol, the main antimicrobial for RTFS control in the UK. Disc diffusion-based COWT values were >/=51 mm for 10 mug amoxicillin, >/=44 mm for 30 mug florfenicol, >/=30 mm for 2 mug oxolinic acid and >/=51 mm for 30 mug oxytetracycline. There was a high categorical agreement between the classifications of the isolates by two testing methods for florfenicol (100%), oxytetracycline (93%) and oxolinic acid (99%).","2018-02","309-320",2,41]
["TSVJLLHR","journalArticle",2017,"Singh, Santosh Kumar; Ekka, Roseleen; Mishra, Mitali; Mohapatra, Harapriya","Association study of multiple antibiotic resistance and virulence: a strategy to  assess the extent of risk posed by bacterial population in aquatic environment.","Environmental monitoring and assessment",null,null,"10.1007/s10661-017-6005-4",null,"The present study explored the association between multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index and virulence index to determine what percent of environmental antibiotic-resistant (eARB) bacteria could pose threat as potential pathogen. 16srRNA-based sequencing of 113 non-duplicate isolates identified majority of them to be gram negative belonging to Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Proteus, Acinetobacter, and Klebsiella. Statistical comparison of MAR indices of the abovementioned genera indicated differences in the median values among the groups (p < 0.001). Pair-wise multiple comparison by Dunn's method indicated significant difference in MAR indices (p < 0.05), based on which multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype could be ranked in the order Pseudomonas > Klebsiella = Acinetobacter > Proteus > Aeromonas > Enterobacter. Association between MAR index and virulence index revealed that 25% of isolates in the population under study posed high threat to human/animal or both; out of which 75% isolates belonged to genus Pseudomonas. Based on observations of comparative analysis of the six gram-negative genera, it could be concluded that Pseudomonas isolates from environment pose significantly high threat as potential pathogens while Enterobacter isolates posed no threat.","2017-07","320-320",7,189]
["Q6D6JST3","journalArticle",2016,"Ceccarelli, Daniela; Alam, Munirul; Huq, Anwar; Colwell, Rita R","Reduced Susceptibility to Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactams in Vibrio cholerae Isolated in Bangladesh.","Frontiers in public health",null,null,"10.3389/fpubh.2016.00231",null,"beta-lactams are antibiotic molecules able to inhibit cell wall biosynthesis. Among other mechanisms, resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is mostly associated with production of beta-lactamase enzymes able to bind and hydrolyze the beta-lactam ring. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases extend this ability also to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, as well as to carbapenems and monobactams. Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of epidemic cholera and a public health burden for developing countries like Bangladesh. Although appropriate oral or intravenous rehydration is the therapy of choice for cholera, severe infections and V. cholerae-associated septicemia are treated with antimicrobial drugs, including doxycycline, erythromycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and/or third-generation cephalosporins. In the years after the introduction of antibiotics in clinical practice, V. cholerae developed resistance to commonly used drugs worldwide mostly through gene acquisition via horizontal gene transfer. Reduced susceptibility of V. cholerae to third-generation cephalosporins has been occasionally documented. However, carbapenemase-producing V. cholerae has been reported at higher rates than resistance to extended-spectrum beta-lactams, mainly associated with blaNDM-1 emergence and successful plasmid dissemination. Recent findings suggest limited beta-lactam resistance is present in V. cholerae O1 isolates collected during ecological and epidemiological surveillance in Bangladesh. However, a trend to intermediate-susceptibility insurgence was observed. Horizontal gene transfer of beta-lactam resistance from enteric pathogens to environmental microorganisms should not be underrated, given the ability of V. cholerae to acquire new genetic information.",2016,"231-231",null,4]
["YVNMYAK8","journalArticle",2018,"Eichhorn, Inga; Feudi, Claudia; Wang, Yang; Kaspar, Heike; Fessler, Andrea T; Lubke-Becker, Antina; Michael, Geovana Brenner; Shen, Jianzhong; Schwarz, Stefan","Identification of novel variants of the colistin resistance gene mcr-3 in Aeromonas spp. from the national resistance monitoring programme GERM-Vet and from diagnostic submissions.","The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy",null,null,"10.1093/jac/dkx538",null,"Objectives: To investigate Aeromonas spp. isolates for the presence of the novel  resistance gene mcr-3 or variants thereof and to characterize the positive isolates by whole genome sequence analysis. Methods: A total of 479 unrelated Aeromonas isolates were investigated by PCR for the genes mcr-1, mcr-2 and mcr-3. Positive isolates were investigated for their colistin MICs. Species assignment was based on sequence analysis of 16s rRNA and gyrB and rpoB genes. The mcr-carrying contigs obtained by WGS were analysed for the genetic environments of the mcr genes. Results: Four (0.84%) Aeromonas isolates were positive in the mcr-3-specific PCR assay, whereas none of the isolates harboured mcr-1 or mcr-2. Each of the four mcr-3 genes encoded a novel variant, which showed amino acid identities of 95.0%-98.0% to the original Mcr-3 protein. These variants were designated Mcr-3.6 [Aeromonas allosaccharophila from golden orfe (Leuciscus idus)], Mcr-3.7 [Aeromonas media from turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)], Mcr-3.8 [Aeromonas jandaei from koi carp (Cyprinus carpio)] and Mcr-3.9 [Aeromonas hydrophila from koi carp]. The isolate harbouring the mcr-3.9 gene carried an additional mcr-3.8 gene and showed a distinctly higher colistin MIC of >/=128 mg/L than all other isolates. The genetic environments of the mcr-3 variant genes in all four isolates differed, but in part resembled the flanking regions of mcr-3.3 from Aeromonas veronii of chicken meat. Conclusions: This study identified four novel Mcr-3 variants. The isolates carrying the respective genes dated back to 2005 suggesting that this gene has existed for more than 12 years.","2018-05","1217-1221",5,73]
["KPFNIRCH","journalArticle",2018,"Zheng, Chun-Li; Cotner, James B; Sato, Chikashi; Li, Gang; Xu, Yao-Yang","Global development of the studies focused on antibiotics in aquatic systems from  1945 to 2017.","Environmental science and pollution research international",null,null,"10.1007/s11356-018-2331-5",null,"Antibiotics are used to fight diseases in humans and farm animals. Their residues, however, can enter aquatic environments and affect the resistance of non-target microbial strains, and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) potentially poses negative impacts on human health. In order to better understand how the studies of antibiotics have been conducted, we analyzed the publications on antibiotics in aquatic systems for the period of 1945-2017. We applied a bibliometric analysis method by coupling cluster analysis and network analysis. Results indicated that early research on antibiotics in water was mostly performed in America and Europe, while, in recent years, publications for the same subject were dominated by China and the USA. The majority of the articles were published in journal Chemosphere and the most representative subject categories of the seven sections were \"Environmental science and ecology,\" \"Chemistry,\" \"Engineering,\" \"Biochemistry and molecular biology,\" \"Water resources,\" \"Agriculture,\" and \"Pharmacology and pharmacy.\" The most studied class of antibiotics was tetracyclines in wastewater. Antibiotic resistance, ARGs, Escherichia coli, and some mechanistic studies such as adsorption, toxicity, degradation, and kinetics were common topics in this field. ARGs present a major public health concern and much attention should be directed at the problems with antibiotics in the future studies of water.","2018-08","22023-22034",22,25]
["ZW7F8YPQ","journalArticle",2019,"Sanchez-Diaz, Ricardo; Molina-Garza, Zinnia Judith; Cruz-Suarez, Lucia Elizabeth; Selvin, Joseph; Kiran, George Seghal; Ibarra-Gamez, Jose Cuauhtemoc; Gomez-Gil, Bruno; Galaviz-Silva, Lucio","Draft genome sequence of Pseudoalteromonas piscicida strain 36Y_RITHPW, a hypersaline seawater isolate from the south coast of Sonora, Mexico.","Journal of global antimicrobial resistance",null,null,"10.1016/j.jgar.2018.09.003",null,"OBJECTIVES: This study reports the draft genome sequence of Pseudoalteromonas piscicida strain 36Y_RITHPW, a marine Gammaproteobacteria that synthesises bioactive compounds with antagonistic activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a multidrug-resistant strain that is the causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), reported in shrimp farm outbreaks from Asia to Mexico with mortality rates of 80-100%. METHODS: The genome of P. piscicida 36Y_RITHPW was sequenced with an Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) platform. A total of 606805 reads were constructed for a 308.48Mbp and 33.5xcoverage. A high-quality draft assembly and ordering of contigs was obtained with Mauve. The annotation was obtained with RAST and antiSMASH. RESULTS: The genome size consists of 5.15Mbp, with a total of 4548 genes, 4217 protein-coding sequences and a GC content of 43.3%. Several resistance genes as well as other genes involved in the production of bacteriocins and ribosomally synthesised antibacterial peptides are also present. CONCLUSIONS: Mining of this draft genome provides valuable information to explain the antagonistic capacity of P. piscicida 36Y_RITHPW, a useful strain as a potential probiotic in shrimp aquaculture against pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus.","2019-03","83-86",null,16]
["BFP3P5AA","journalArticle",2017,"Santhosh, Kogaluru Shivakumaraswamy; Deekshit, Vijaya Kumar; Venugopal, Moleyuru Nagarajappa; Karunasagar, Iddya; Karunasagar, Indrani","Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance and Novel Point Mutation in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Mangalore, India.","Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.)",null,null,"10.1089/mdr.2016.0142",null,"Fluoroquinolone resistance in bacteria is usually associated with mutations in the topoisomerase regions. We report a novel point mutation in fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli strains. E. coli isolated from the environment in and around Mangalore, India, were examined for their antimicrobial resistance profile to 12 antibiotics and for the antibiotic resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction. Of the 67 E. coli isolated, 24 (35.8%) were sensitive to all antibiotics and 43 (64.2%) showed resistance to at least one of the 12 antibiotics used in the study. One isolate (EC10) was resistant to nine of the 12 antibiotics used. Resistance to nalidixic acid was the most common (34.32%), followed by nitrofurantoin (26.86%), tetracycline (22.38%), ampicillin (20.89%), cotrimoxazole (13.43%), ciprofloxacin (11.94%), gentamicin (10.44%), piperacillin/tazobactam (7.46%), chloramphenicol (7.46%), and cefotaxime (4.47%). Least resistance was observed for meropenem (1.49%) and none of the isolates showed resistance to imipenem. All the isolates harbored resistance genes corresponding to their antimicrobial resistance. Few quinolone-resistant isolates carried single point mutation (ser83Leu) and some had double point mutation (Ser83Leu and Asp87Asn) in gyrA. A third novel point mutation was also observed at position 50 with the change in the amino acid from tyrosine to cysteine (Tyr50Cys) in gyrA region. The study throws light on a novel point mutation in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. While the study helps to understand the risk and occurrence of antibiotic resistance among gram-negative bacteria from the environment, the alarming rate of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a cause of concern in addressing infections.","2017-12","994-1001",8,23]
["YQ49P5Q7","journalArticle",2016,"Suhartono, Suhartono; Savin, Mary","Conjugative transmission of antibiotic-resistance from stream water Escherichia coli as related to number of sulfamethoxazole but not class 1 and 2 integrase genes.","Mobile genetic elements",null,null,"10.1080/2159256X.2016.1256851",null,"A conjugation assay was used to determine the effects of phenotypic resistance to one to up to 5 antibiotics, sampling site of origin, presence or absence of class 1 and/or class 2 integrase (intI) genes (intI1 and intI2), and the number of sulfamethoxazole resistance (sul) and trimethoprim resistance (dfr) genes on the transfer frequencies of plasmids from environmental, antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. Of 51 sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim-resistant E. coli isolates conferring at least one mob gene (mobP51, mobF11, mobF12, mobQ11, mobQ12 , or mobQu ), 38 produced transconjugants with an overall mean frequency of 1.60 x 10(-3) transconjugants/ donors (T/D) or 5.89 x 10(-3) transconjugants/recipients (T/R). The presence or absence of intI1 and intI2 and the presence or absence of different targeted dfr genes (dfrA1, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, and/or dfrB3) were not statistically related to plasmid transfer frequencies as determined by ANOVA (P >/= 0.05). However, E. coli isolates recovered 2 km downstream of wastewater treatment plant effluent input, and those possessing resistance to 3 antibiotics had significantly greater plasmid transfer frequency than their counterparts when calculated as T/D (ANOVA followed by Fisher's least significant difference means comparison, P < 0.05). Greater plasmid transfer frequency calculated as T/D was also measured for E. coli possessing 3 compared to a single sul gene. The in-vitro frequency suggests that horizontal gene transfer of conjugative mediated-antibiotic (sul) resistance genes may be significant among resistant, stream bacteria.",2016,"e1256851-e1256851",6,6]
["9S9AYRMM","journalArticle",2018,"Zhao, Yanting; Zhang, Xu-Xiang; Zhao, Zhonghua; Duan, Cuilan; Chen, Huangen; Wang, Miaomiao; Ren, Hongqiang; Yin, Ying; Ye, Lin","Metagenomic analysis revealed the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the gut and living environment of freshwater shrimp.","Journal of hazardous materials",null,null,"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.004",null,"Antibiotic resistance disseminating from animals and their environments is a public issue that poses significant threats to human health. In the present study, the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in 15 samples from the guts and related aquaculture environments (water and sediment) of shrimp were investigated. In total, 60 ARGs, 102 ARGs and 67 ARGs primarily belonging to 13, 15 and 15 different types were detected in the shrimp gut, pond water and sediment samples, respectively. Efflux pump and target modification were the predominant resistance mechanisms in all samples. It was found that Aeromonas, Yersinia and Clostridium XlVb were significantly correlated with the distribution of the ARGs. Besides, the relative abundance of ARGs was positively correlated with the levels of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Moreover, variation partitioning analysis showed that MGEs, contributing to 74.46% of the resistome variation, played an important role in the affecting of the antibiotic resistome than the bacterial communities and their joint effects. Collectively, this study provides comprehensive information to better understand the ARG dissemination in aquaculture environments and to improve the ecological management of aquatic ecosystems.","2018-05","2021-10-18",null,350]
["483PK36J","journalArticle",2018,"Shen, Yingbo; Xu, Chunyan; Sun, Qiaoling; Schwarz, Stefan; Ou, Yanran; Yang, Lu; Huang, Zixian; Eichhorn, Inga; Walsh, Timothy R; Wang, Yang; Zhang, Rong; Shen, Jianzhong","Prevalence and Genetic Analysis of mcr-3-Positive Aeromonas Species from Humans,  Retail Meat, and Environmental Water Samples.","Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy",null,null,"10.1128/AAC.00404-18",null,"The mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-3 is globally disseminated in both Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas species, with the latter potentially serving as a reservoir for this gene. Here, we investigated the prevalence of mcr-3 in rectal swabs from humans, in food-producing animals and their products, and in the aquatic environment, and we investigated the genetic relationships between the mcr-3-positive isolates. An enriched broth screening method was used to detect mcr-3 in samples, and species identification of isolates from positive samples was carried out by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and shotgun sequencing. All mcr-3-positive isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation, and whole-genome sequencing. Ten Aeromonas isolates, including 2 from human rectal swabs, 1 from pork, 3 from chicken meat, and 4 from the aquatic environment, were positive for mcr-3, but only 2 showed resistance to colistin. In addition to the mcr-3 variants identified previously (the novel variants were termed mcr-3.13 to mcr-3.18), all isolates harbored mcr-3-like genes downstream of the mcr-3 variants. The MCR-3.13 to MCR-3.18 proteins exhibited only 89.2% to 96.1% amino acid identity to the original MCR-3 protein. Whole-genome sequence analysis indicated diversity within the genetic environments of mcr-3-positive Aeromonas isolates and possible transmission between different sources in China and even worldwide. Close relationships between mcr-3-positive and mcr-3-negative Aeromonas isolates suggested that mcr-3 might be common in Aeromonas species, which are not inherent hosts of mcr-3 but may act as an important reservoir of this mobile colistin resistance gene.","2018-09",null,9,62]
["QZUWA7ZY","journalArticle",2019,"Han, Hyun-Ja; Kwak, Min-Jung; Ha, Sung-Min; Yang, Seung-Jo; Kim, Jin Do; Cho, Kyoung-Hee; Kim, Tae-Wook; Cho, Mi Young; Kim, Byung-Yong; Jung, Sung-Hee; Chun, Jongsik","Genomic characterization of Nocardia seriolae strains isolated from diseased fish.","MicrobiologyOpen",null,null,"10.1002/mbo3.656",null,"Members of the genus Nocardia are widespread in diverse environments; a wide range of Nocardia species are known to cause nocardiosis in several animals, including cat, dog, fish, and humans. Of the pathogenic Nocardia species, N. seriolae is known to cause disease in cultured fish, resulting in major economic loss. We isolated two N. seriolae strains, CK-14008 and EM15050, from diseased fish and sequenced their genomes using the PacBio sequencing platform. To identify their genomic features, we compared their genomes with those of other Nocardia species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that N. seriolae shares a common ancestor with a putative human pathogenic Nocardia species. Moreover, N. seriolae strains were phylogenetically divided into four clusters according to host fish families. Through genome comparison, we observed that the putative pathogenic Nocardia strains had additional genes for iron acquisition. Dozens of antibiotic resistance genes were detected in the genomes of N. seriolae strains; most of the antibiotics were involved in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of proteins or cell walls. Our results demonstrated the virulence features and antibiotic resistance of fish pathogenic N. seriolae strains at the genomic level. These results may be useful to develop strategies for the prevention of fish nocardiosis.","2019-03","e00656-e00656",3,8]
["HRN8DYJ9","journalArticle",2009,"Zahid, Hasan M; Mahal, Zinat; Chowdhury, Mamun R","Prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria and chromosomal determinants in surface water of Bangladesh","African Journal of Biotechnology",{"$nulls":4},"A total of 210 different bacteria were isolated from water samples collected in different surveillance sites in Bangladesh between May and July 2004. Of these, 147 isolates were analyzed and 103 were identified by different biochemical tests as well as stereotyped with specific antiserum. Sixty five percent of these isolates were identified as Escherichia coli which were resistant to multiple drugs including tetracycline, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The remaining thirty five percent of the isolates were Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Staphylococcus and Klebsiella. Most of the V. cholerae were nalidixic acid, streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistant. Almost 90% of nalidixic acid resistant V. cholera were stereotyped as non O1. The remaining 10% were O1 and O139. All bacteria were used to isolate plasmid DNA to compare plasmid patterns. The plasmid contents of representative drug resistant strains were analyzed by electroporation to determine the location of antibiotic resistant gene whether it was chromosomal or extrachromosomal. The results of these experiments suggested that Bangladeshi environmental water including rivers, lakes and ponds contained a large number of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria and almost all antibiotic resistant determinants were located in the chromosome instead of plasmid.",2009,"148-154",2,8]
["43NA2KYD","journalArticle",2012,"Kumar, P; Thomas, S","Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae isolated from the aquatic sources in Southern Kerala, India","International Journal of Infectious Diseases",null,null,"10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.864",null,null,2012,"E241-E241",null,16]
["J46NTXXR","journalArticle",2007,"Jouini, Ahlem; Vinue, Laura; Ben Slama, Karim; Saenz, Yolanda; Klibi, Naouel; Hammami, Salah; Boudabous, Abdellatif; Torres, Carmen","Characterization of CTX-M and SHV extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and associated resistance genes in Escherichia coli strains of food samples in Tunisia","Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy",null,null,"10.1093/jac/dkm316",null,"Objectives: To assess the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Escherichia coli isolates of faecal samples of animals (n = 40) and food samples (n = 38) obtained in Tunisia in 2006, and to characterize the type of ESBLs, their genetic environments and the associated resistance genes. Methods: Samples were inoculated in supplemented media (2 mg/L cefotaxime) for isolation of broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli isolates (one isolate/sample). ESBLs and their genetic environments as well as integrons and their gene cassette composition were characterized by PCR and sequencing. Results: ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were detected in 10 of the 38 food samples analysed (26%) and in none of the tested animal faecal samples. Genes found were as follows (number of isolates): bla(CTX-M-1) (5), bla(CTX-M-1) + bla(TEM-1b) (1), bla(CTX-M-14) + bla(TEM-1b) (2), bla(CTX-M-8) (1) and bla(SHV-5) (1). All ESBL-positive isolates showed unrelated PFGE patterns. ISEcp1 and IS903 were detected surrounding bla(CTX-M-14), and ISEcp1/IS26 and orf477 surrounding some of the bla(CTX-M-1) genes. Four of the ESBL-positive strains harboured class 1 integrons including different gene cassette combinations. Conclusions: ESBLs, mainly of the CTX-M class, are detected in E. coli of food origin in Tunisia, being the first time that this mechanism has been detected in food E. coli strains in Africa.",2007,"1137-1141",5,60]
["3F5RVV3A","journalArticle",2012,"Gao, Panpan; Mao, Daqing; Luo, Yi; Wang, Limei; Xu, Bingjie; Xu, Lin","Occurrence of sulfonamide and tetracycline-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in aquaculture environment","Water Research",null,null,"10.1016/j.watres.2012.02.004",null,"The occurrence of sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance and their pollution profile in the aquaculture environment of Tianjin, northern China, were investigated. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was identified and the corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were quantified at 6 aquaculture farms in Tianjin. Sulfonamide-resistance genes were prevalent and their concentrations were the highest detected (3.0 x 10(-5) to 3.3 x 10(-4) for sul1/16S rDNA, 2.0 x 10(-4) to 1.8 x 10(-3) for sul2/16S rDNA) among the various ARGs, most likely because the use of sulfonamides is more prevalent than tetracyclines in this area. Bacillus was the most dominant bacterial genus in both sulfamethoxazole resistant bacteria (63.27% of the total resistant bacteria) and tetracycline-resistant bacteria (57.14% of the total resistant bacteria). At least two of those genes (tetM, tetO, tetT, tetW, sul1 and sul2) were detected in the isolates of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Acinetobacter lwofii, and all of the above genes were detected in B. cereus, suggesting the occurrence of multi-resistance in the studied area. The genetic transfer of sul1 between intestinal bacteria (e.g., Enterococcus spp.) and indigenous bacteria (e.g., Bacillus spp.) was implied by phylogenetic analysis. Several strains of resistant opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Acinetobacter spp.) were found in indigenous bacteria, which increase the risk of ARGs to public health. Overall, this is the first study to comprehensively investigate the antibiotic resistance profile by analyzing the species of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and adopting qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate ARGs at a typical aquaculture area in northern China. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",2012,"2355-2364",7,46]
["X8JWBWYV","journalArticle",2017,"Raeisi, Mojtaba; Khoshbakht, Rahem; Ghaemi, Ezzat Allah; Bayani, Mahsan; Hashemi, Mohammad; Seyedghasemi, Navisa Sadat; Shirzad-Aski, Hesamaddin","Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence-Associated Genes of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Raw Milk, Fish, Poultry, and Red Meat","Microbial Drug Resistance",null,null,"10.1089/mdr.2016.0183",null,"This study was designed and conducted to evaluate the frequency, antimicrobial resistance, and presence of six virulence-associated genes among thermophilic Campylobacters isolated from raw milk, poultry (chicken, turkey, and duck), fish, cattle, and sheep meat. Out of 590 samples, which were recovered from different origins, 141 (23.9%) samples were positive for Campylobacters. Campylobacter spp. was isolated in 40.8% (106/260), 14% (28/200), and 8.7% (7/80) of poultry meat, red meat, and milk samples, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated a high frequency of resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid among the isolates. Furthermore, prevalence of waaC, ciaB, and pldA genes were 91.7%, 86.7%, and 80.8%, respectively; and, none of the isolates harbored both wlaN and cgtB genes, simultaneously. Moreover, there was a weak correlation between antibiotics resistance and presence of the pathogen genes. However, the existence of Campylobacter spp. isolates in food animal products, with high resistance to antibiotics and several virulence gene possessions, is alarming and increases the attention to the widespread use of antibiotics.",2017,"925-933",7,23]
["D343NJ3E","journalArticle",2017,"Kannika, K; Pisuttharachai, D; Srisapoome, P; Wongtavatchai, J; Kondo, H; Hirono, I; Unajak, S; Areechon, N","Molecular serotyping, virulence gene profiling and pathogenicity of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia farms in Thailand by multiplex PCR","Journal of Applied Microbiology",null,null,"10.1111/jam.13447",null,"Aims: This study aimed to biotype Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia farms in Thailand based on molecular biotyping methods and to determine the correlation between the serotype and virulence of bacteria. In addition to a biotyping (serotyping) technique based on multiplex PCR of cps genes, in this study, we developed multiplex PCR typing of Group B streptococcus (GBS) virulence genes to examine three clusters of virulence genes and their correlation with the pathogenicity of S. agalactiae. The epidemiology of S. agalactiae in Thailand was analysed to provide bacterial genetic information towards a future rational vaccine strategy for tilapia culture systems. Methods and Results: Streptococcus agalactiae were isolated from diseased tilapia from different areas of Thailand. A total of 124 S. agalactiae isolates were identified by phenotypic analysis and confirmed by 16S rRNA PCR. Bacterial genotyping was conducted based on (i) molecular serotyping of the capsular polysaccharide (cps) gene cluster and (ii) virulence gene profiling using multiplex PCR analysis of 14 virulence genes (lmb, scpB, pavA, cspA, spb1, cyl, bca, rib, fbsA, fbsB, cfb, hylB, bac and pbp1A/ponA). Only serotypes Ia and III were found in this study; serotype Ia lacks the lmb, scpB and spb1 genes, whereas serotype III lacks only the bac gene. Virulence tests in juvenile Nile tilapia demonstrated a correlation between the pathogenicity of the bacteria and their virulence gene profile, with serotype III showing higher virulence than serotype Ia. Epidemiological analysis showed an almost equal distribution in all regions of Thailand, except serotype III was found predominantly in the southern areas. Conclusions: Only two serotypes of S. agalactiae were isolated from diseased tilapia in Thailand. Serotype Ia showed fewer virulence genes and lower virulence than serotype III. Both serotypes showed a similar distribution throughout Thailand. Significance and Impact of the Study: We identified two major serotypes of S. agalactiae isolates associated with the outbreak in tilapia culture in Thailand. We developed multiplex PCR assays for 14 virulence genes, which may be used to predict the pathogenicity of the isolates and track future infections. Multiplex PCR typing of the GBS virulence genes was developed and might be further used to predict the pathogenicity of S. agalactiae.",2017,"1497-1507",6,122]
["73BA5ZKG","journalArticle",2014,"Tacao, Marta; Moura, Alexandra; Correia, Antonio; Henriques, Isabel","Co-resistance to different classes of antibiotics among ESBL-producers from aquatic systems","Water Research",null,null,"10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.021",null,"In this study we investigated the co-occurrence of resistance to non-beta-lactams among cefotaxime-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers (ESBL+) versus non-ESBL producers (ESBI-), from aquatic environments. Higher prevalence of resistance to tetracycline, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides were observed in ESBL+. Among ESBL+ resistant to tetracycline (n = 18), tet(A) was detected in 88.9% and tet(B) in 16.7%. Among fluoroquinolone-resistant-ESBL+ (n = 15), aacA4-cr and qnrVC4 were identified in 26.6% and 40% strains, respectively. The qnrVC4 gene was detected for the first time in Pseudomonas sp. and Escherichia coli. Class 1 integrase genes were detected in 56.41% of ESBL+ and in 27.67% ESBL-. Gene cassette arrays identified conferred resistance to aminoglycosides (aadA-type genes and aacA4), trimethoprim (dfrA17), chloramphenicol (catB8), fluoroquinolones (qnrVC4) and beta-lactams (b(laox-10)). Conjugation experiments were performed with CTX-M-producers. Transconjugants showed multiresistance to 3 or more classes of antibiotics, and conjugative plasmids were assigned to IncF, IncK and Inch1 replicons. Results obtained showed that co-selection of resistance to aminoglycosides, quinolones and tetracyclines is prevalent among ESBL-producers and that these features are successfully mobilized by IncF, IncK and Inch 1 conjugative plasmids. This study reinforces the importance of natural aquatic systems as reservoir of mobile genetic platforms carrying multiple resistance determinants. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, this constitutes the first observation of IncK::CTX-M-3 in Aeromonas hydrophila and the first report of IncK plasmids in Portugal. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",2014,"100-107",null,48]
["2PN3IE6E","journalArticle",2013,"Odeyemi, Olumide Adedokun; Ahmad, Asmat","Anti-biogram and resistogram profiling of Aeromonas species isolated from Malaysian aquatic sources","Journal of Coastal Life Medicine",null,null,"10.12980/jclm.1.2013c1091",null,"Objective: To investigate antibiotics and heavy metals resistance profile of Aeromonas species isolated from Kuala Gula and Kuala Sepetang, Perak.Methods: Isolated Aeromonas species were subjected to 12 antibiotics: penicillin G 10 units, tetracycline 30 mu g, novobiocin 5 mu g, nitrofurantoin 100 mu g, ampicillin 10 mu g, chloramphenicol 10 mu g, fluconazole 25 mu g, gentamicin 10 mu g, streptomycin 10 mu g and 25 mu g, kanamycin 30 mu g, and vancomycin 30 mu g and 5 heavy metals: (MnSO4H2O)-H-., Cr(NO3)(.)9H(2)O, CuSO4, Pb(NO3)(2), HgCl2.Results: Results from this study revealed that isolates from the two sources-displayed varied resistance. Isolates from Kuala Sepetang showed 91%, 66%, 61%, and 52% resistance to vancomycin, Novobiocin, streptomycin and gentamycin while Kuala Gula isolates showed 76%, 93%, 28% and 14% respectively. High rate of resistance was shown to be against lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and Manganese (Mn) with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 2 560 mu g/mL to 5 120 mu g/mL. Low resistance to mercury was observed among isolates from Kuala Gula.Conclusions: This study showed that there was widespread of both heavy metals and antibiotics resistance among Aeromonas isolates from the two marine sources with isolates from Kuala Sepatang showing more resistance thereby posing danger to both aquatic animals and human health.",2013,"108-112",2,1]
["VXHUSHY9","journalArticle",2014,"Shah, S Q A; Sorum, H","Genetic localization of a TetR-like transcriptional regulator gene in Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from farmed fish","Journal of Applied Genetics",null,null,"10.1007/s13353-014-0221-1",null,"Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates from Tanzanian tilapia ponds were found to possess a gene encoding a TetR-like transcriptional regulator protein. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close similarity to five previously reported GeneBank sequences which cluster separately from the other 70 members of this family. It is assumed that this TetR-like protein belongs to a new family of TetR-like proteins that has no direct link to the class 1 integron.",2014,"541-544",4,55]
["HT8CREKE","journalArticle",2010,"Harnisz, M; Tucholski, S","Microbial quality of common carp and pikeperch fingerlings cultured in a pond fed with treated wastewater","Ecological Engineering",null,null,"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.11.015",null,"A pond with a surface area of 0.94 ha and a maximum depth of 1.6 m, situated on land owned by a wastewater treatment plant in Olsztynek (Poland), was filled with water from underground springs in the pond bottom. Twice during the production season, the pond was fed with sewage which had been biologically treated in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). No commercial feed or medicinal products were applied to the pond and natural feed in the pond was the only source of nutrition for the fish. After the production season, pikeperch and carp fingerlings (aged 0+), weighed 8.4 +/- 1.2 g fish(-1) and 62.1 +/- 13.6 g fish(-1), respectively. The microbiological examinations included tests of the pond water and the contents of the digestive tract, skin mucus and the muscles of the fingerlings. In the water the total cell count, heterotrophic bacteria count at a temperature of 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C (HPC 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C), coliforms, fecal coliforms, Streptococcus faecal's, Salmonella sp. and Aeromonas hydrophila, were recorded. The same groups of bacteria were noted in the analyzed fish tissue without the total cell count. In addition, the antibiotic sensitivity of A. hydrophila, isolated from all the examined environments, was tested. The low count of all examined groups of bacteria in the pond water was noted. The common carp tissues were more contaminated than the pikeperch tissues, but the microbial quality of both species was satisfactory. A. hydrophila strains proved to be highly sensitive to the tested antibiotics. The results of this study indicate that a high microbiological quality in the fingerlings was achieved thanks to the seasonal feeding of pond water by treated sewage. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",2010,"466-470",4,36]
["57W5P3J7","journalArticle",2018,"Yu, Limei; Song, Chao; Zhang, Cong; Fan, Limin; Qiu, Liping; Wu, Wei; Meng, Shunlong; Hu, Gengdong; Chen, Jiazhang","Occurrence of sulfonamides in fish in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, China and estimated daily intake for understanding human dietary exposure","Aquaculture",null,null,"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.06.033",null,"The occurrence and human dietary exposure to 12 sulfonamides in fish samples along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, were investigated in this study. The sulfonamides residue levels of 82 collected samples (21 caught and 61 aquacultured) were analyzed. Although 12 selected sulfonamides were detected in all fish samples along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the residual levels of caught and aquacultured samples were both below 5 mu g kg(-1) in the initial growth stage of fish. And sulfadiazine (SDZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were heavily used in the peak of fish growth. During this period, 17.4% of the samples contained concentrations of total sulfonamides above the maximum residue limit (100 mu g kg(-1)); 13.0% were between 10 and 100 mu g kg(-1), and the remaining (about 69.6%) were under 10 mu g kg(-1). Through this study, we found residual levels of sulfonamides varied in different regions and in different fish species. Yixing and Changzhou were the main areas where the highest concentrations of sulfonamides were found. Huzhou and Suzhou areas were relatively free of pollution. The highest total sulfonamides concentrations were 1634.05 mu g kg(-1) and 472.97 mu g kg(-1) in crab and bream, respectively. The sulfonamides concentrations in shrimp and perch were low. Based on the estimated daily intake (EDI) of Sulfonamides (SAs) in this study, SAs do not posed an immediate threat to human health; however, the potential risk to human safety could increase in the long run if the residual status of sulfonamides in aquatic products were left unattended.",2018,"538-544",null,495]
["TQ5YTYWS","journalArticle",2015,"Joseph, Toms C; Murugadas, V; Reghunathan, Dinesh; Shaheer, P; Akhilnath, P G; Lalitha, K V","Isolation and characterization of Vibrio cholerae O139 associated with mass mortality in Penaeus monodon and experimental challenge in postlarvae of three species of shrimp","Aquaculture",null,null,"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.02.020",null,"Mass mortality in cultured postlarvae of Penaeus monodon from a farm in Ernakulam District, Kerala, India was reported. Yellow colonies from TCBS plates were randomly picked and were confirmed as Vibrio cholerae by conventional biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. The isolates were confirmed as belonging to the V. cholerae O139 serogroup, generally considered as the causative agent of cholera to humans, using an O139 serogroup-specific antiserum and by a PCR based assay targeting the rfb-O139 gene. The isolates were found to be carrying the cholera toxin producing gene, ctx, and genes coding for virulence determinants, zot and tcpA, as revealed by PCR. Shrimp larvae experimentally exposed to V. cholerae exhibited significant mortalities that increased with increasing doses of bacteria. The LD50 value of one of the isolates was determined in postlarvae of P. monodon, Fenneropenaeus indicus and Litopenaeus vannamei and ranged from 4.6 x 10(4) for L. vannamei to 7.1 x 10(6) for P. monodon. V. cholerae was re-isolated from the larvae of experimentally infected moribund shrimps. Histopathological examination revealed rupture of the basal laminae of the hepatopancreatic tubules and severe necrosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the V. cholerae O139 strain causing high-mortalities in shrimp. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",2015,"44-47",null,442]
["2HSGZEBQ","journalArticle",2016,"Ceccarelli, D; Alam, M; Huq, A; Colwell, R R","Reduced susceptibility to extended-spectrum βlactams in Vibrio Cholerae isolated in bangladesh","Frontiers in Public Health",null,null,"10.3389/FPUBH.2016.00231","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015336377&doi=10.3389%2FFPUBH.2016.00231&partnerID=40&md5=30ccd7e1fa1d8d96f639918ea94c8831","β-lactams are antibiotic molecules able to inhibit cell wall biosynthesis. Among other mechanisms, resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is mostly associated with production of β-lactamase enzymes able to bind and hydrolyze the β-lactam ring. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases extend this ability also to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, as well as to carbapenems and monobactams. Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of epidemic cholera and a public health burden for developing countries like Bangladesh. Although appropriate oral or intravenous rehydration is the therapy of choice for cholera, severe infections and V. cholerae-associated septicemia are treated with antimicrobial drugs, including doxycycline, erythromycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and/or third-generation cephalosporins. In the years after the introduction of antibiotics in clinical practice, V. cholerae developed resistance to commonly used drugs worldwide mostly through gene acquisition via horizontal gene transfer. Reduced susceptibility of V. cholerae to third-generation cephalosporins has been occasionally documented. However, carbapenemase-producing V. cholerae has been reported at higher rates than resistance to extended-spectrum β-lactams, mainly associated with blaNDM-1 emergence and successful plasmid dissemination. Recent findings suggest limited β-lactam resistance is present in V. cholerae O1 isolates collected during ecological and epidemiological surveillance in Bangladesh. However, a trend to intermediate-susceptibility insurgence was observed. Horizontal gene transfer of β-lactam resistance from enteric pathogens to environmental microorganisms should not be underrated, given the ability of V. cholerae to acquire new genetic information. © 2016 Ceccarelli, Alam, Huq and Colwell.",2016,null,"OCT",4]
["ASS5BGP7","journalArticle",2018,"Gokul, M S; Dahms, H.-U.; Muthukumar, K; Henciya, S; Kaviarasan, T; James, R A","Multivariate drug resistance and microbial risk assessment in tropical coastal communities","Human and Ecological Risk Assessment",null,"10807039 (ISSN)","10.1080/10807039.2018.1447361","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044275071&doi=10.1080%2F10807039.2018.1447361&partnerID=40&md5=d133b123e3107299b4e40cb9f25274cd","Multivariate water quality parameters and statistical analysis were used to evaluate the factors controlling coastal drinking water quality and associated health risks among fisherfolks. Multidrug-resistant strains noticed in 400 isolates show 62% Salmonella; 53% Shigella sp.; 48% E. coli; and 36% Vibrio sp. in groundwater sample. In component analysis seawater intrusion, redox reaction, anthropogenic pollution, and weather factors were responsible for more than 93.3% in postmonsoon and 89.4% in summer season, respectively, for Cumulative %. In epidemiology study, 66% and 76% of municipally supplied drinking water were used in Pondicherry and Rameshwaram, respectively, compared to the amount of groundwater (34% and 20%) used in the study area. Similarly, Pondicherry and Rameshwaram areas recorded open defecation instances of 94% and 82%, respectively where less than 5% of the population used hygienic sanitation as part of the Clean India Mission in rural areas. © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC",2018,"2021-01-23"]
["T2LEX8Q8","journalArticle",2016,"Fadaeifard, F; Nahid, Sh.; Momeni Shahraki, M","Molecular detection of quinolone resistance gene (gyrA) in Yersinia ruckeri isolates by PCR test","Journal of Veterinary Research",{"$nulls":3},"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84969246423&partnerID=40&md5=6a9d272407abb9f12dbe1259a5fecd7b","BACKGROUND: Yersinia ruckeri is the etiological agent of enteric red mouth (ERM) or yersinioisis disease, one of the important bacterial diseases in the cultured salmonids. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of present study was detection of gyrA gene (quinolone resistance) in the Y. ruckeri bacterium. METHODS: In this study fish were evaluated in average size 8-12 cm from six rainbow trout farms in Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiyari province (Iran). In each farm 10 fish (totally 60) suspected to yersinioisis were randomly selected; sampling was done from lower part of intestine and cultured on Trpticase Soy Agar (TSA). The mediums were transferred to incubator and kept at 22 °C for 48 hours. Pure colonies which are grown on the mediums were tested by catalase, oxidase and gram staining, then those of gram-negative, catalase positive and oxidase negative were diagnosed, and cultured on Waltman- Shots medium (as specific medium for Y. ruckeri). These mediums were incubated at 22 °C for 48 h. Colonies that were grown were tested by PCR method for Y.ruckeri detection. Then, in the identified strains of Y.ruckeri gyrA gene were detected by PCR test. RESULTS: The results of bacteriological, biochemical and molecular tests showed that three cases out of total isolates were identified as Y. ruckeri. In all isolates of Y. ruckeri, gyrA gene was identified by molecular test. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of quinolone resistance gene in Y. ruckeri isolates can be the reason of low efficacy of these classes of antibiotics in the aquaculture. T?herefore, the policy of treatment should be changed specially in enteric red mouth disease.",2016,"49-55",1,71]
["5N9R84ZS","journalArticle",2016,"Yu, L; Xiong, L.-N.; Shi, L; Ye, L","Tetracycline-resistant bacteria and tetracycline-resistant genes from fish, shrimp, and clams in Guangzhou","Modern Food Science and Technology",null,null,"10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2016.10.036","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013001175&doi=10.13982%2Fj.mfst.1673-9078.2016.10.036&partnerID=40&md5=0d544996af0e0fc2c46984360ec8614c","Aquatic products (fish, shrimps, and clams) from markets in Guangzhou (Guangdong Province) were tested to determine the presence and distribution of tetracycline (Tet)-resistant (Tetr) genes and bacterial species. The plate-spread method was employed to isolate Tet-resistant bacterial species, allowing detection of 102 CFU to 106 CFU/g Tetr bacteria, with the highest number of Tetr-bacteria counts (106 CFU/g) detected in fish intestines. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted on total DNA extracted from product tissues (muscles or intestines) to detect the presence of selected Tetr genes. Results indicated that all host-related samples (tissue and tank water) expressed three to seven Tetr genes. Among nine Tetr genes in this study, tet(E) was found at the highest frequency (6.3%), followed by tet(S) (5.1%), tet(M) (3.1%), tet(C) (1.7%), and tet(G) (0.9%). Southern hybridization showed that tet(E) genes were integrated into the plasmid of Tet-resistant bacteria species Aeromonas spp. and Escherichia coli. Additionally, the Tet-resistant plasmids exhibited good stability, even in the absence of Tet-selective pressure. These results indicated that Tet-resistance was common and serious among bacteria isolated from fish, shrimp, and clams collected from markets in Guangzhou. © 2016, South China University of Technology. All right reserved.",2016,"239-245",10,32]
["RGHMK4K3","journalArticle",2007,"Oh, B Y; Kim, J H; Gong, Y W; Jegal, S; Kim, H Y; Lee, M Y; Hwang, K W; Koh, Y J; Lee, J M; Go, J M; Kim, Y H","Characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus isolated in Incheon","Korean Journal of Microbiology",{"$nulls":3},"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-38049126110&partnerID=40&md5=1ec078a5ae8f0e7b18bf012c1be39392","We performed the biochemical characteristics, molecular epidemiologocal analysis, and drug susceptibility test on V. vulnificus isolated from environmental sources in Incheon. For this study, 233 strains were isolated from seawater, sediment, shellfish. V. vulnificus isolates were divided into 15 biochemical groups, which were positive for ONPG and Amygdalin test. Among the 209 strains, 206 (98.6%) strains and 110 (52.6%) strains revealed positive for vvhA and viuB gene, and the viuB gene detection rates of V. vulnificus from seawater, shellfish and sediment were 48%, 48.5% and 61.6%, respectively. From disc diffusion test on 175 isolates, most of strains were sensitive to Imipenem (100.0%), Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (98.9%), Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin (98.3%), Ampicillin/sulbactam (97.1%), Chloramphenicol (96.6%), Cefepime (94.9%) and Ceftriaxone (94.8%), multi-drug resistance rates was 31.5% of seawater, 34.4% of sediment and 29.2% of shellfish. PFGE was performed on 233 V. vulnificus isolates with the objective of investigating the extent of genetic diversity of these isolates in our region. We could find that at least 126 different PFGE patterns were generated according by 90% of similarity and 13 clusters by 58% of similarity. The major cluster was type I (44.6%) during the most of the year, and type J was frequent pattern in June and October. There were 9 distinct PFGE types in Judy, 8 types in August, 7 types in June, 6 types in September, 5 types in October 3 types in May and 1 type in March. Copyright © 2007, the Microbiological Society of Korea.",2007,"256-263",4,43]
["5GR82AQ3","journalArticle",2012,"Huang, Z; Chen, X; Lu, X; Zhong, L; He, J","Identification and antibiotic resistance genes detection of bacteria in aquaculture organisms and aquatic environment","Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao/Acta Scientiarum Natralium Universitatis Sunyatseni",{"$nulls":3},"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871909951&partnerID=40&md5=603e77249f13459094c4c98400f97119","Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) greatly limit the aquaculture development in China. In this study, 194 strains of bacteria were identified with an improved boiling method for DNA extraction. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was applied to detect the antibiotic resistance genes of florfenicol (floR), two sulfonamide (sul1 and sul2), streptomycin (str), trimethoprim (dfrA20) in 139 bacterial strains. It showed that 194 strains were identified as 62 different species, mainly Lysine Bacillus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas media, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria, Bacillus cereus, Citrobacter freundii, Chryseobacterium ureilyticum, Pseudoalteromonas whanghaensis, Vibrio cholerae and so on. ARGs of floR, sul1, sul2, str and dfrA20 in 139 strains were detected with positive rate of 11.51%, 20.86%, 12.23%, 10.07% and 2.88%, respectively. The results showed that antibiotic resistance genes could be the potential emerging pollutants in aquaculture organisms and aquatic environment.",2012,"92-96",6,51]
["ME3QMQAA","journalArticle",2005,"Agarwal, M; Chandra, M; Sharma, G; Singh, B R","A study on virulence markers as epidemiological tool for strains of Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar Paratyphi B from animal origin foods","Journal of Food Science and Technology-Mysore",{"$nulls":4},"A study on 22 Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B (S. paratyphi B) var 'Java' (SPVJ) and 13 classical S. enterica serovar Paratyphi B (CSPB) strains isolated from poultry meat (12 SPVJ), fish (9 SPVJ, 11 CSPB), milk products (1 CSPB, 1 SPVJ) and pork (I CSPB) revealed that all strains except one CSPB strain of fish origin, were lethal to mice on intraperitoneal inoculation with 10(8) organisms from overnight grown culture. Only 5 strains revealed presence of a heavy plasmid (> 35.8 MDa) however, 35.8 MDa plasmid was common in all isolates. None of the isolates produced lecithinase, gelatinase, casienase, phospholipase A or C but many of the isolates produced DNase. Variable results were observed in salt aggregation assay with indices ranging from 0.6-2.2 M. All produced brick red colonies on Congo Red dye agar in > 24 h of incubation without any effect of 0.15% bile salt addition in the medium. All strains haemolysed washed erythrocytes of horse, guinea pig and human blood group B. The best haemolysis was evident on blood agar having horse or guinea pig erythrocytes. No correlation could be established between haemolysis of RBC of different origin and mouse lethality. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) pattern of S. Paratyphi B isolates revealed their resistance to dicloxacillin, cefazolin, colistin sulphate and ceftazidime and sensitiveness to augmentin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin, tetracyclin, lomefloxacin, crystal violet, acriflavin and mercuric chloride. Other frequently resisted drugs were nitrofurantoin, streptomycin and cephalexin. Though different in vitro virulence markers have no or little correlation with mouse-lethality, but can be used for epidemiological typing during paratyphoid outbreaks of food origin, particularly haemolysin production and DNase test appears to be of immense value.",2005,"46-52",1,42]
["2MW2RWGM","book",2011,"Khaitsa, Margaret L; Doetkott, Dawn","Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Domestic Animals, Humans and Meat Products",null,"978-953-307-782-6",{"$nulls":4},2011]
["NV2TBG58","journalArticle",2016,"Sirikaew, Siriwan; Sukkua, Kannika; Rattanachuay, Pattamarat; Khianngam, Saowapar; Sukhumungoon, Pharanai","HIGH LEVEL OF SHIGA TOXIN-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI AND OCCURRENCE OF STX-NEGATIVE E-COLI O157 FROM RAW MEATS: CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRULENCE PROFILE AND GENETIC RELATEDNESS","Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health",{"$nulls":4},"Raw meats, especially beef, are particularly prone to Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC)/enterohemorrhagicE. coli (EHEC) contamination. However, data regarding their quantity in raw meats are seldom reported in Thailand. Among four common meat types, beef possessed highest value of stx(1)-producing E. coli (STEC1) contamination in February 2015 [> 1,100 most probable number (MPN)/g] and stx(2)-producing E. coli (STEC2) highest MPN/g (460) in March of the same year. STEC2 was found, for the first time, in shrimp samples in March and April, 2015 with MPN/g value of 6.6 and 9.3, respectively. EHEC at 3 MPN/g was detected in only one (2%) beef sample. Even though stx-negative E. coli O157 from beef has rarely been reported in Thailand, isolation of E. coli O157 using immunomagnetic separation method revealed that four strains (PSVX-1, PSVX-2, PSVX-3, and PSVX-4) from three (8%) beef samples were shown to be stx-negative E. coli O157. These strains were members of phylogenetic group A and were multi-drug resistant. Genetic relatedness as determined by polytrinucleotide (GTG)(5)-PCR and BOX-PCR showed identical DNA profiles of PSVX-2 and PSVX-4, which by BOX-PCR were 90% to a clinical isolate, O157 strain PSU120, from Hat-Yai Hospital in 2014. The presence of these environment stx-negative E. coli O157 strains with the ability to acquire additional virulence properties could pose a potential public health problem particularly in this region of Thailand.",2016,"1008-1019",5,47]
["NPMBTFLV","journalArticle",2010,"Kumagai, Akira; Nawata, Akatsuki; Taniai, Yuichi","Monitoring of Outbreaks of Bacterial Cold Water Disease among Ayu in a River Where Asymptomatic Carriers of Flavobacterium psychrophilum Were Released","Fish Pathology",null,null,"10.3147/jsfp.45.115",null,"Occurrences of bacterial cold-water disease (BCWD) caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum were monitored among released and wild ayu Plecoglossus altivelis in Hirose River in 2006 and 2007 in order to clarify the infection source. When hatchery-reared juvenile ayu were examined immediately prior to release, F psychrophilum was not isolated. However, when fish from the same lots were reared until maturation, the bacterium was isolated from ripe fish, indicating that the released juvenile ayu were carriers. In epizootiological investigations in Hirose River, outbreaks of BCWD occurred from June to August in both years, but the source of BCWD seemed to differ: released ayu in 2006 and wild ayu in 2007. Additionally, the disease occurred in released ayu by the pathogen carried by themselves in 2007. The disease subsided in August when water temperature exceeded 20 C. Thereafter, the prevalence of F psychrophilum in ripe fish in the river increased to above 90% between October and November in both years.",2010,"115-120",3,45]
["YRC9WHE2","journalArticle",2006,"Figueiredo, H C P; Carneiro, D O; Faria, F C; Costa, G M","Streptococcus agalactie associated to meningoencefalitis and systemic infection from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Brazil","Arquivo Brasileiro De Medicina Veterinaria E Zootecnia",null,null,"10.1590/s0102-09352006000400036",null,"Streptococcus agalactiae was isolated from cultured tilapia in Brasil. All isolates reacted similarly in API 20 STREP system (bioMerieux, France) and Slidex strepto grouping Latex Aglutination test (bioMerieux, France). Bacterial isolates were submitted to the disc diffusion technique for the antimicrobial susceptibility test. Among nine tested drugs S. agalactiae samples were resistant to three-neomicin, nalidixic acid and gentamicin.",2006,"678-680",4,58]
["4UW5TB9C","journalArticle",2017,"Chen, C Q; Zheng, L; Zhou, J L; Zhao, H","Persistence and risk of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes in major mariculture sites in Southeast China","SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT",null,null,"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.075",null,"Antibiotics are widely used in mariculture industry, and this study attempts to determine the extent of water and sediment pollution by aritibiotic residues in 13 major mariculture sites in China. Through chemical and molecular biology analysis, the results showed that the total concentrations of sulfonamides and tetracyclines were in the range 62.0-373.8 ng L-1 and 0.2-259.1 ng L-1 respectively in water samples, and in the range 0.19-1.59 ng g(-1) dry weight and 3.45-74.84 ng g(-1) dry weight respectively, in sediments samples. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was detected in all sites. Compared with the tetracyclines resistance genes, the absolute copy number and relative abundance of the sulfonamides resistance genes were 4.3 times and 2.3 times higher in water and sediment from the mariculture sites, With the dominant resistance genes being sul2. The abundance of sul3 in the water phase was significantly correlated with the concentrations of sulfamerazine, while the abundance of sul2 in the sediment phase was significantly with sulfadiazine concentrations. The abundance of tetM in the sediment phase was significantly correlated with the concentrations of oxytetracycline. The findings demonstrate the persistence of antibiotic residues and ARGs in major mariculture sites in Southeast China. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","2017-02","1175-1184",null,580]
["N54IBDZ6","journalArticle",2015,"Kim, Kyoo-Tae; Lee, Seung-Hun; Kwak, Dongmi","PREVALENCE, BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AEROMONADS, VIBRIOS, AND PLESIOMONADS ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES AT A ZOO","JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE",null,null,"10.1638/2014-0194R.1",null,"Aeromonas spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Plesiomonas shigelloides are commonly implicated in foodborne and waterborne diarrheal illnesses of humans and other animals. The present study assessed the prevalence, biochemical characteristics, and antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas spp., V. parahaemolyticus, and P. shigelloides by analyzing samples from 729 sources at a zoo, including animal feces (n = 607), watering facilities (n = 104), and pond water samples (n = 18). Of the 729 samples collected, 40 (5.5%) contained one of these four species of bacteria: A. hydrophila (n = 16; 2.2%), A. sobria (n = 12; 1.6%), V. parahaemolyticus (n = 10; 1.4%), and P. shigelloides (n = 2; 0.3%). The 16 isolates of A. hydrophila came from three fecal samples, eight watering facilities, and five pond water samples. The 12 isolates of A. sobria came from four fecal samples, three watering facilities, and five pond water samples. The 10 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus came from one fecal sample and nine watering facilities. The two isolates of P. shigelloides came from one watering facility and one pond water sample. Of the 40 isolates, 16 (40.0%), 21 (52.5%), and three (7.5%) originated from mammals, birds, and reptiles, respectively. All isolates tested positive for NO3, tryptophan, p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, glucose assimilation, N-acetyl-glucosamine, maltose, gluconate, malate, and oxidase. Aeromonas spp. and V. parahaemolyticus exhibited similar biochemical characteristics, whereas P. shigelloides exhibited distinct fermentation characteristics. All the isolated strains exhibited hemolytic activity; variable results of DNase, protease, and Congo red uptake tests; and resistance to ampicillin, bacitracin, novobiocin, penicillin, and vancomycin. All the strains were sensitive to amikacin, chloramphenicol, colistin, gentamicin, kanamycin, norfloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfadimethoxazole. Because of the high proportion of asymptomatic carriers of these potentially pathogenic bacteria and their wide distribution, consistent monitoring of food and water sources is necessary to prevent disease outbreaks.","2015-06","298-305",2,46]
["ZTHVNTPG","journalArticle",2019,"Suzuki, Satoru; Nakanishi, Sayoko; Tamminen, Manu; Yokokawa, Taichi; Sato-Takabe, Yuki; Ohta, Kohei; Chou, Hsin-Yiu; Muziasari, Windi I; Virta, Marko","Occurrence of sul and tet(M) genes in bacterial community in Japanese marine aquaculture environment throughout the year: Profile comparison with Taiwanese and Finnish aquaculture waters","SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT",null,null,"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.111",null,"The use of antibiotics in aquaculture causes selection pressure for antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) may persist in ARB and the environment for long time even after stopping drug administration. Here we show monthly differences in the occurrences of genes conferring resistance to sulfonamides (i.e. sul1, sul2, sul3), and tetracyclines (tet(M)) in Japanese aquaculture seawater accompanied by records of drug administration. sul2 was found to persist throughout the year, whereas the occurrences of sul1, sul3, and tet(M) changed month-to-month. sul3 and tet(M) were detected in natural bacterial assemblages in May and July, but not in colony-forming bacteria, thus suggesting that the sul3 was harbored by the non-culturable fraction of the bacterial community. Comparison of results from Taiwanese, Japanese, and Finnish aquaculture waters reveals that the profile of sul genes and tet(M) in Taiwan resembles that in Japan, but is distinct from that in Finland. To our knowledge, this work represents the first report to use the same method to compare the dynamics of sul genes and tet(M) in aquaculture seawater in different countries. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","2019-06","649-656",null,669]
["HGWRBKSM","journalArticle",2017,"Su, Haochang; Liu, Shan; Hu, Xiaojuan; Xu, Xiangrong; Xu, Wujie; Xu, Yu; Li, Zhuojia; Wen, Guoliang; Liu, Yousheng; Cao, Yucheng","Occurrence and temporal variation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in shrimp aquaculture: ARGs dissemination from farming source to reared organisms","SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT",null,null,"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.040",null,"Considerable attention has been paid to the occurrence and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments. However, the temporal variation and dissemination of ARGs in aquaculture environments and reared organisms need further study. This study investigated the abundance and diversity of ARGs and bacterial community in water source, shrimp pond water, sediment, and shrimps during the rearing period in Pearl River Delta region, South China. The results showed that sul1, qnrD, cmlA, and floR were the predominant ARGs in the aquaculture samples. A trend of decreasing abundance of ARGs was observed for pond water samples during the rearing period, whereas an increasing trend was observed in the sediment and shrimp samples. The total concentration of ARGs in water source was significantly higher than that in shrimp pond water (p < 0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between the total concentrations of ARGs in pond waters and sediments (p < 0.01). The total abundances of ARGs in intestinal tract of adult shrimps were 4.48-19.0 times higher than those in juvenile shrimps. Similar to water source and pond water, cmlA and sul1 were the predominant ARGs in shrimp intestinal tract. The bacterial community in the shrimp intestinal tract changed greatly from juvenile to adult. The results of the present study indicated that the abundances of ARGs in aquaculture varied temporally during the rearing period. Water source was an important medium disseminating ARGs to the aquaculture environments and reared organisms. Sul1 could be used as a potential indicator for ARGs in both water and sediment in aquaculture in the estuary of the Pearl River Delta, South China. This study represents a case study for the temporal variation of abundance and dissemination of ARGs in aquaculture and is a reference for potential risks to food safety and human health. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","2017-12","357-366",null,607]
["558KXNCW","journalArticle",2014,"Raissy, M; Khamesipour, F; Rahimi, E; Khodadoostan, A","Occurrence of Vibrio spp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli and Campylobacter spp. in crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) from Iran","IRANIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES SCIENCES",{"$nulls":4},"The aim of this research was to study the occurrence of Vibrio spp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli and Campylobacter spp. in crayfish from Azerbaijan Province using culture method and PCR assay. A total of 55 isolates were collected from 97 studied samples. Vibrio spp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli and Campylobacter spp. were detected in 26 samples (26.8%), 12 samples (12.3%), 15 samples (15.46%) and 2 samples (2.06%), respectively. Among Vibrio isolates, Vibrio vulnificus (11.3%) was the species most frequently detected followed by V. harveyi (7.2%), V. alginolyticus (2.06%) and V. mimicus (1.03%). The results of this study indicated that crayfish from the studied area contain pathogens relevant to public health.","2014-10","944-954",4,13]
["8E6GVA5P","journalArticle",2018,"Shahi, N; Mallik, S K; Sahoo, M; Chandra, S; Singh, A K","First report on characterization and pathogenicity study of emerging Lactococcus garvieae infection in farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from India","TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES",null,null,"10.1111/tbed.12843",null,"Warm water lactococcosis in farm-reared rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) in the northern Himalayan region of India, caused by bacterium Lactococcus garvieae is described in this study. Nine bacterial isolates were recovered from the organs of haemorrhagic septicaemia rainbow trout and were subjected to biochemical and molecular identification. Cell surface characteristics and virulence of the bacterial isolates are also described. All the nine bacterial isolates had homogenous biochemical characteristics and were Gram-positive, short chains forming (two to eight cells long), -haemolytic, non-motile ovoid cocci. Partial 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence (similar to 1,400bp) of current isolates shared 99% identities with the 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence of L.garvieae R421, L.garvieae FMA395 and L.garvieae CAU:1730. The identity of the bacterial isolates was further confirmed by PCR amplification of L.garvieae-specific similar to 1,100bp fragment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of one representative isolate, L.garvieae RTCLI04, indicates that the isolated strain lacks thick outer capsule and is of KG+ (non-capsulates) phenotype. An intraperitoneal and intramuscular injection (2.6x10(5) CFU ml(-1)) and also immersion in bacterial suspension @ of 2.6x10(5) CFU ml(-1) to healthy rainbow trout juveniles (body weight: 27.5 +/- 3.7g) with L.garvieae RTCLI04 caused 80%, 60% and 10% cumulative mortality in challenged fish, respectively, within 15days post-infection. The haemorrhagic septicaemic disease was reproduced experimentally. Histopathological examination of organs of experimentally infected fish revealed extensive degenerative and inflammatory changes in eye, kidney, gill and liver. PCR amplification of several putative virulence genes such as haemolysins, adhesins, LPxTG-containing surface proteins and adhesins cluster confirms the virulence of our Indian L.garvieae isolates. To the best of our knowledge, we are reporting for the first time that L.garvieae is associated with fatal haemorrhagic septicaemia in farmed rainbow trout in India.","2018-08","1039-1048",4,65]
["CETHBEAU","journalArticle",2014,"Rahimi, Ebrahim; Raissy, Mehdi; Razzaghimanesh, Morteza; Ahmadi Dastgerdi, Asiye; Momeni Shahraki, Manouchehr","Occurrence of Aeromonas hydrophila in Fish, Shrimp, Lobster and Crab in Iran","KAFKAS UNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI",null,null,"10.9775/kvfd.2014.10892",null,"This study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila in fish, shrimp, lobster and crab caught off the south coast of Iran. A total of 541 samples including, 133 freshly caught fish of 4 different types including Otollithes ruber, Pamous argenteus, Parastromateus niger and Psettodes erumel, 240 shrimp of 4 different species including Penaeus monodon, P. semisulcatus, P. indicus, and P. merguiensis, 108 lobster (Panulirus homarus) and 60 crab (Panulirus homarus) were collected in 3 provinces along Persian Gulf in the south coast of Iran. Samples were collected at the end of each month from September 2011 to May 2012. Using conventional bacteriological techniques, 66 A. hydrophila isolates were identified in which 62 strains were confirmed by PCR assay targeting 16S rDNA gene of A. hydrophila. Using PCR assays targeting the A. hydrophila cytolytic enterotoxin gene, 57 (10.5%) isolates were positive. The highest prevalence of A. hydrophila was found in fish (19.5%), followed by shrimp (9.2%), lobster (9.3%) and crab (6.7%). The highest prevalence of A. hydrophila occurred in summer (21.3%) followed by fall (12.0%), spring (10.8%), and winter (5.6%). To our knowledge, the present study is the first report of the isolation of A. hydrophila from fish, shrimp, lobster and crab in Iran.",2014,"691-696",5,20]
["TVK5B6VW","journalArticle",2018,"Saticioglu, I B; Duman, M; Wiklund, T; Altun, S","Serological and genetic characterization of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolated from farmed salmonids in Turkey","JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES",null,null,"10.1111/jfd.12901",null,"Turkey was the largest rainbow trout producer of the European countries in 2016, and the reason for this production is mainly attributed to its egg and fry production. Flavobacterium psychrophilum cause the highest rates of mortality in the starting to feeding stages of the fish. In the present study, twenty-five F. psychrophilum isolates recovered from rainbow trout, coruh trout and brook trout were analysed by RAPD-PCR, ERIC-PCR, REP-PCR and PCR-RFLP, including 16S rRNA, gyrA and gyrB gene regions and PCR-based serotyping method. The PCR-based molecular analysis showed that the isolates could not be differentiated exactly according to isolation source and geographical region. Most isolates were of type-1 and type-2, and some of them were of type-0 and type-3; in addition, one isolate showed a unique serotype. The combined analysis results showed that F. psychrophilum isolates discriminated as five different genotypes and all isolates were successfully discriminated based on host.","2018-12","1899-1908",12,41]
["U9W56GLL","journalArticle",2017,"Yan, Lei; Liu, Dan; Wang, Xin-Hua; Wang, Yunkun; Zhang, Bo; Wang, Mingyu; Xu, Hai","Bacterial plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in aquatic environments in China","SCIENTIFIC REPORTS",null,null,"10.1038/srep40610",null,"Emerging antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to human's health in the 21st century. Understanding and combating this issue requires a full and unbiased assessment of the current status on the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes and their correlation with each other and bacterial groups. In aquatic environments that are known reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance genes, we were able to reach this goal on plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes that lead to resistance to quinolones and possibly also to the co-emergence of resistance to beta-lactams. Novel findings were made that qepA and aac-(6')-Ib genes that were previously regarded as similarly abundant with qnr genes are now dominant among PMQR genes in aquatic environments. Further statistical analysis suggested that the correlation between PMQR and beta-lactam resistance genes in the environment is still weak, that the correlations between antimicrobial resistance genes could be weakened by sufficient wastewater treatment, and that the prevalence of PMQR has been implicated in environmental, pathogenic, predatory, anaerobic, and more importantly, human symbiotic bacteria. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of PMQR genes in aquatic environments in Jinan, China, and provides information with which combat with the antimicrobial resistance problem may be fought.","2017-01",null,null,7]
["T729VRET","journalArticle",2017,"Silvester, Reshma; Madhavan, Ajin; Antony, Ally; Alexander, Deborah; Santha, Sudha; Francis, Bini; Hatha, Mohamed","Genotyping and distribution of virulence factors in V. parahaemolyticus from seafood and environmental sources, South-west coast of India","REGIONAL STUDIES IN MARINE SCIENCE",null,null,"10.1016/j.rsma.2017.03.007",null,"Vibrio parahaemolyticus, found naturally in warm coastal and estuarine waters worldwide is a leading cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis and mass mortality among marine fishes and invertebrates. The present study focused on genotyping and virulence characterization of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from food and environmental sources along the South west coast of India, for surveillance of possible public health risk. Molecular typing was performed using ERIC-PCR. The potential pathogenicity of the strains was evaluated by screening for presence of type III secretion systems (T3SSs) genes. The presence of extracellular enzymes was also investigated Results revealed high level of genetic heterogeneity among the V. parahaemolyticus strains. Urease and hemolysin production observed in few strains is to be highlighted, since these phenotypic features are typical for clinical isolates of V. parahaemolyticus. All the strains carried the T3SS1 gene. T3SS2 beta gene was present in majority of the strains whereas, T3SS2 a gene was not detected in any. Presence of genetically heterogeneous V. parahaemolyticus strains with virulence potential predicts high risk of disease outbreak associated with this pathogen in Cochin. The study emphasizes the need for a continuous surveillance of water systems in Cochin estuary and adjoining aquaculture farms. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","2017-04","64-72",null,12]
["LT9TLYTU","journalArticle",2015,"Tsai, M A; Wang, P C; Yoshida, T; Chen, S C","Genetic characteristics of Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolated from cage cultured cobia, Rachycentron canadum (L.)","Journal of Fish Diseases",null,null,"10.1111/jfd.12289",null,"Disease outbreaks occurred during 2007-2013 in Taiwan with 2.5-10% mortality among the cage cultured cobia, Rachycentron canadum (L.), characterized by the presence of polyserositis, pericarditis and peritonitis. The micro-organisms isolated from internal organs were Gram-positive cocci. The isolates were confirmed as Streptococcus dysgalactiae by a polymerase chain reaction assay that yielded the expected specific 259 bp amplicon. Additionally, partial sequence of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of the GCS strain isolates from fish was also compared and produced 100% sequence identity with S. dysgalactiae (GenBank accession number AB252398). The genetic characterization was then determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Based on PFGE, the Apa I or Sma I digestion patterns of chromosomal DNA of these isolates were grouped into three main clusters. Taiwanese strains were divided into two clusters, and the tet(M) gene was detected in cluster 1 (pulsotypes: A1-A2 and S1-S3), but not in cluster 2 strains (pulsotypes: A3-A4 and S4-S5). Three Japanese strains from amberjack, Seriola dumerili (Risso), were grouped into cluster 3 (pulsotypes: A5-A7 and S6-S8) and displayed no mortality to cobia in the challenge experiment. Conversely, Taiwanese strains from cobia and snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii (L.), displayed a mortality rate of 50-87.5% in cobia.",2015,"1037-1046",12,38]
["DG4R9EQ5","journalArticle",2006,"Kawanishi, M; Yoshida, T; Yagashiro, S; Kijima, M; Yagyu, K; Nakai, T; Murakami, M; Morita, H; Suzuki, S","Differences between Lactococcus garvieae isolated from the genus Seriola in Japan and those isolated from other animals (trout, terrestrial animals from Europe) with regard to pathogenicity, phage susceptibility and genetic characterization","Journal of Applied Microbiology",null,null,"10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02951.x",null,"Aims: To clarify the epidemiological relationship between Lactococcus garvieae isolates from the Seriola in Japan and isolates from other animals. Methods and Results: A total of 32 isolates obtained from aquatic (the genus Seriola and trout) and terrestrial animals (cow, pig, cat, dog and horse) was used to evaluate its pathogenicity to yellowtail and mouse, phenotype (KG+ and KG-), its susceptibility to three bacteriophages and the pattern of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Lactococcus garvieae isolated from Seriola showed strong pathogenicity to yellowtail, while isolates from trout showed weak pathogenicity and those obtained from terrestrial animals showed no distinct pathogenicity. Only, the isolates from the genus Seriola in Japan showed susceptibility to the bacteriophages. The results of PFGE pattern indicate that the isolates obtained from the Seriola predict homogeneity, while there is no similarity among the isolates obtained from different animals. Conclusions: This experiment indicates that L. garvieae isolated from Seriola in Japan appears to be very different from the isolates obtained from other animals, and the isolates prevalent among the genus Seriola in Japan might be homogeneous. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study suggests that a particular genetic group that has specially adapted and acquired virulence toward yellowtail were prevalent among the genus Seriola in Japan.",2006,"496-504",2,101]
["2VNBV8CK","journalArticle",2016,"Imajoh, Masayuki; Sukeda, Masaki; Shimizu, Masato; Yamane, Jin; Ohnishi, Kouhei; Oshima, Syun-ichirou","Draft Genome Sequence of Erythromycin- and Oxytetracycline-Sensitive Nocardia seriolae Strain U-1 (NBRC 110359)","Microbiology Resource Announcements",null,null,"10.1128/genomeA.01606-15",null,"In Japan, the emergence of macrolide-and oxytetracycline-resistant strains of Nocardia seriolae has previously been reported. Here, we describe the draft genome sequence of N. seriolae strain U-1, isolated in 2011 from a diseased yellowtail in Kagoshima Prefecture. The draft genome does not have any genes responsible for macrolide and tetracycline resistance.",2016,"e01606-15",1,4]
["JS6ZM8EC","journalArticle",2010,"Chen, Hao; Shu, Weiqun; Chang, Xiaosong; Chen, Ji-an; Guo, Yebin; Tan, Yao","The profile of antibiotics resistance and integrons of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing thermotolerant coliforms isolated from the Yangtze River basin in Chongqing","Environmental Pollution",null,null,"10.1016/j.envpol.2010.03.023",null,"The spreading of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing thermotolerant coliforms (TC) in the water environment is a threat to human health but little is known about ESBL-producing TCs in the Yangtze River. We received 319 ESBL-producing stains obtained from the Chongqing basin and we investigated antibiotic susceptibility, bla gene types and the presence of integrons and gene cassettes. 16.8% of TC isolates were ESBL-producing bacteria and bla(TEM+CTx-M) was the predominant ESBL type. 65.2% of isolates contained class 1 integrons, but only 3 carried intl 2. Gene cassettes were amplified and sequenced. aadA, drfA, cmlA, sat1, aar3 and two ORF cassettes were found. In conclusion, Yangtze River is heavily polluted by ESBL-producing TC bacteria and the combined bla gene type could enhance antibiotic resistance. Class 1 integrons were widespread in ESBL-producing isolates and play an important role in multi-drug resistance. Characterization of gene cassettes could reveal the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",2010,"2459-2464",7,158]
["QW7G63B6","journalArticle",2016,"Makowska, Nicoletta; Koczura, Ryszard; Mokracka, Joanna","Class 1 integrase, sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance genes in wastewater treatment plant and surface water","Chemosphere",null,null,"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.044",null,"Wastewater treatment plants are considered hot spots for multiplication and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. In this study, we determined the presence of class 1 integron integrase and genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines and sulfonamides in the genomes of culturable bacteria isolated from a wastewater treatment plant and the river that receives the treated wastewater. Moreover, using PCR-based metagenomic approach, we quantified intI1, tet and sul genes. Wastewater treatment caused the decrease in the total number of culturable heterotrophs and bacteria resistant to tetracycline and sulfonamides, along with the decrease in the number of intI1, sul and tet gene copies per ml, with significant reduction of tet(B). On the other hand, the treatment process increased both the frequency of tetracycline- and sulfonamide-resistant bacteria and intI1-positive strains, and the relative abundance of all quantified antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and intI1 gene; in the case of tet(A) and sul2 significantly. The discharge of treated wastewater increased the number of intI1, tet and sul genes in the receiving river water both in terms of copy number per ml and relative abundance. Hence, despite the reduction of the number of ARGs and ARBs, wastewater treatment selects for bacteria with ARGs in effluent. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",2016,"1665-1673",null,144]
["VVILY5SN","journalArticle",2006,"Kanai, Kinya; Notohara, Masakazu; Kato, Tatsuo; Shutou, Kimihiro; Yoshikoshi, Kazuma","Serological characterization of Streptococcus iniae strains isolated from cultured fish in Japan","Fish Pathology",null,null,"10.3147/jsfp.41.57",null,"Streptococcus iniae is known as an important marine and freshwater fish pathogen worldwide. In this paper, we characterized two serological phenotypes in Japanese S. iniae isolates, mainly from Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The two phenotypes, designated K+ and K-, were distinguished by the presence or absence of capsule. K- cells agglutinated both with anti-K- and K+ type sera, whereas K+ cells agglutinated only with anti-K+ type serum. These two types were indistinguishable by any ordinary biological or biochemical characterization tests. Immunodiffusion test demonstrated the common antigens and a K+ type-specific antigen in the autoclave-extracts of cells. Capsule was observed on the K+ cells, from which acidic polysaccharides were detected. Strains of K+ type were virulent for Japanese flounder, whereas those of K- type were avirulent. There is a direct relationship between the serological phenotypes and the existence of capsule in S. iniae with link to its virulence.",2006,"57-66",2,41]
["NETIZVHD","journalArticle",2015,"Li, Yanyu; Zhang, Tao; Zhang, Congyao; Zhu, Ying; Ding, Jianfeng; Ma, Yuexin","Bacterial diversity in the intestine of young farmed puffer fish Takifugu rubripes","Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology",null,null,"10.1007/s00343-015-4219-2",null,"The aim of the study was to examine the bacterial community associated with the intestinal mucus of young farmed puffer fish Takifugu rubripes. Polymerase chain reaction and partial 16S rDNA sequencing was performed on DNA from bacteria cultivated on Zobell 2216E medium. All the isolates were classified into two phyla-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Proteobacteria were the dominant, culturable intestinal microbiota (68.3%). At the genus level, Vibrio, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Exiguobacterium, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudoalteromonas and Shewanella were isolated from the intestine, with representatives of the genera Vibrio, Enterobacter and Bacillus accounting for 70.7% of the total. This is the first report of Enterobacter, Bacillus, Exiguobacterium and Staphylococcus as part of the intestinal bacterial microflora in T. rubripes. The profile of the culturable bacterial community differed between samples collected from the same tank at 2-month intervals, as indicated by Bray-Curtis and Sorensen indices, and the impact on the intestinal physiology and health of puffer fish requires further investigation.",2015,"913-918",4,33]
["QTIAYQIG","journalArticle",2004,"Guz, L; Kozinska, A","Antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila and A-sobria isolated from farmed carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)","Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy",{"$nulls":4},"Twenty one Aeromonas isolates pathogenic for carp were tested for susceptibility to 22 antimicrobial agents. Of the all isolates examined, 100% were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin, and sensitive to trimethoprim-sulphamides, oxolinic acid, flumequine, chloramphenicol, norfloxacin, linkomycin, pefloxacin. Most isolates were resistant to cephalothin (57%) and erythromycin (52%). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of seven antimicrobials agents (chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, flumequine, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline) were determined for A. hydrophila (n=18) and A. sobria (n=3). MICs were determined using an agar dilution technique in Mueller-Hinton medium. The MICs of each antimicrobial for each isolate examined, together with the minimum concentrations of each antimicrobial required to inhibit 50% (MIC50) and 90% (MIC90) of the isolates examined, were also determined. The more recently synthetized 4-quinolones showed very good activity against all isolates examined compared with lower activity of oxytetracycline. The enrofloxacin was the most active (MIC90 = 0.25 mg L-1).",2004,"391-395",4,48]
["JFGZT975","journalArticle",2015,"Imajoh, Masayuki; Fukumoto, Yoichi; Yamane, Jin; Sukeda, Masaki; Shimizu, Masato; Ohnishi, Kouhei; Oshima, Syun-ichirou","Draft Genome Sequence of Nocardia seriolae Strain N-2927 (NBRC 110360), Isolated as the Causal Agent of Nocardiosis of Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) in Kochi Prefecture, Japan","Microbiology Resource Announcements",null,null,"10.1128/genomeA.00082-15",null,"We report the draft genome sequence of Nocardia seriolae strain N-2927 (NBRC 110360), isolated from cultured yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. RAST annotation of the genome revealed 117 genes involved in the virulence, disease, and defense subsystem. Eleven of these genes were predicted as antibiotic resistance genes.",2015,"e00082-15",2,3]
["IINET2ML","journalArticle",2016,"Laishram, Martina; Rathlavath, Srinu; Lekshmi, Manjusha; Kumar, Sanath; Nayak, Binaya Bhusan","Isolation and characterization of Arcobacter spp. from fresh seafood and the aquatic environment","International Journal of Food Microbiology",null,null,"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.05.018",null,"Arcobacter is an emerging pathogen associated with foods of animal origin. Members of the genus Arcobacter are increasingly being isolated from fish, shellfish and the aquatic environment. In the present study, we analyzed fish, shellfish and water samples for the presence of Arcobacter spp. by conventional isolation as well as by direct PCR on the enrichment broth. Of 100 samples comprising of 42 finfish, 34 shellfish and 24 water samples analyzed, Arcobacter spp. was isolated from 8 (19%) finfish, 5 (14.7%) shellfish and 5 (20.8%) water samples. Arcobacter DNA was detected in 24 (24%) samples by direct PCR on the enrichment broth. Based on m-PCR specific to different Arcobacter spp. and 16S rRNA sequence analyses, majority (19) of the isolates were identified as Arcobacter butzleri, while two isolates were Arcobacter mytili. All Arcobacter butzleri isolates harbored putative virulence genes cadF, ciaB, mviN, pldA, tlyA and cj1349. The two isolates of A. mytili harbored mviN and cj1349 genes only. The study highlights emerging problem of the contamination of aquatic environment and fresh seafood with potentially pathogenic Arcobacter spp. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",2016,"87-89",null,232]
["2XLETAFP","journalArticle",2009,"Zahid, Hasan M; Mahal, Zinat; Chowdhury, Mamun R","Intergenic and intragenic conjugal transfer of multiple antibiotic resistance determinants among bacteria in the aquatic environment of Bangladesh","African Journal of Biotechnology",{"$nulls":4},"Conjugation process was conducted to determine the means of transferring multiple loci of antibiotic resistant gene among bacteria in the surface water of Bangladesh. Our observation demonstrated that tetracycline resistant gene can be spread between bacteria in the aquatic environment. In this study, it was surprisingly observed that tetracycline resistant gene was transferable horizontally by conjugation process from Vibrio cholerae to Esherichia coli (intergenic) and E. coli to E. coli (intragenic) in combination with sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT), streptomycin and erythromycin as a self transposable tetracycline element. In intergenic transfer, conjugation frequency was more than intragenic transfer. Frequencies of transfer generally ranged from 10(-5) to 10(-3) transconjugants per input donor and recipient cell. The results of these experiments suggested that the mobility of the antibiotic resistance determinants may further contribute to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria, particularly since antibiotics are indiscriminately used in Bangladesh.",2009,"155-160",2,8]
["HVJQR5W2","journalArticle",2015,"Kim, Young Jin; 김종오","Study on Oxytetracycline Resistant Bacteria in the Surface Water Environment TT  - 하천에서의 Oxytetracycline 내성주에 관한 연구","Journal of Environmental Health Sciences",null,null,"10.5668/jehs.2015.41.1.40",null,"Objectives: This study aims to understand the concentration, diversity, and antibiotic characteristics ofoxytetracycline resistant bacteria present in a surface water environment.Methods: Water sampling was performed in Cheongmi Stream in Gyeonggi-do, Korea in February and August2014. Water samples collected from two sites were plated in triplicate on tryptic soy agar plates with 30 mg/Lof oxytetracycline. Oxytetracycline resistant bacteria were selected from surface water in Cheongmi Stream andwere subjected to 16S rDNA analysis for oxytetracycline resistant species determination. Identified resistantstrains were tested for resistance to various antibiotics.Results: Results from this study indicate that the dominant resistant organisms in this aquatic environment arefrom family Acinetobacter and family Aeromonas. As to culturable heterotrophic bacteria, Oxytetracyclineresistant bacteria were present 0.45-0.93% during winter and 0.08-0.38% during summer. Most oxytetracyclineresistant bacteria exhibited resistance to more than ten of the antibiotics studied. The diversity of oxytetracyclineresistant bacteria in winter was higher than in summer.Conclusion: Most of these resistant bacteria are Gram negative and are closely related to pathogenic species.These results suggest that increasing multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria in the surface water environment has aclose relation to the reckless use of antibiotics in livestock.",2015,"40-48",1,41]
["9MRNUUVA","journalArticle",2011,"Furushita, Manabu; Akagi, Hiroshi; Kaneoka, Azusa; Awamura, Kouichi; Maeda, Toshimichi; Ohta, Michio; Shiba, Tsuneo","Structural Variation of Tn10 that Carries tetB Found in Fish Farm Bacteria","Microbes and Environments",null,null,"10.1264/jsme2.ME10160",null,"Three variants of the composite transposon Tn10 were extracted from transferable plasmids of fish farm bacteria. These variants were identical in insertions with IS10, but differed in another class I transposon insertion and a region of homologous recombination downstream of tetB.",2011,"84-87",1,26]
["PRT7JQLK","journalArticle",2012,"Sivri, Nuket; Sandalli, Cemal; Ozgumus, Osman Birol; Colakoglu, Feyza; Dogan, Dilek","Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Enteric Bacteria Isolated from Kucukcekmece Lagoon (Istanbul-Turkey)","Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences",null,null,"10.4194/1303-2712-v12_3_19",null,"The aim of this study is to find out the density of the fecal bacteria and to analyze resistance to antimicrobials of Gram negative bacilli isolated from the Kucukcekmece Lagoon, Istanbul. Samples were taken monthly from June 2006 to June 2008 and a total of 232 Gram negative bacilli were isolated. Chloramphenicol, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, imipenem, ceftazidime, amikacin, streptomycin and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid were used in antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Susceptibility to trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole was also examined in only integron-bearing organisms. The antibiotic resistance tests resulted in bacteria being the most resistant against ampicillin (76.29%) and the most sensitive against amikacin (93.56%). Of 232 isolates, 20 (8.6%) coliforms harbored class 1 and/or class 2 integrons. DNA sequencing showed that variable regions of the integrons harbored various gene cassettes; dfrA12, dfrA15, dfrA17, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, b/a(OXA-30) and sat2. Integrons were found in bacteria from all sampling areas except 12 and D3. In this study, the determination of bacterial identification of the species of Gram negative bacilli and their Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in the Kucukcekmece Lagoon for the first time was investigated. A finding indicates that there is a heavy fecal pollution in this lagoon environment, which might probably be resulted from the intensive anthropogenic facilities. The risk to public health could be the transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants from the bacterial isolates to normal microbiota bacteria of humans unless the effective precautions such as water treatment plants are taken.",2012,"699-707",3,12]
["TIAN395Z","journalArticle",2012,"Beaz-Hidalgo, Roxana; Shaked, Tamar; Laviad, Sivan; Halpern, Malka; Figueras, Maria J","Chironomid egg masses harbour the clinical species Aeromonas taiwanensis and Aeromonas sanarellii","Fems Microbiology Letters",null,null,"10.1111/1574-6968.12003",null,"Bacteria of the genus Aeromonas are found worldwide in aquatic environments and may produce human infections. In 2010, two new clinical species, Aeromonas sanarellii and Aeromonas taiwanensis, were described on the basis of one strain recovered from wounds of hospitalized patients in Taiwan. So far, only four environmental isolates of A. sanarellii and one of A. taiwanensis have been recorded from waste water in Portugal and an additional clinical strain of A. taiwanensis from the faeces of a patient with diarrhoea in Israel. In the present study, strains belonging to these two species were identified from chironomid egg masses from the same area in Israel by sequencing the rpoD gene. This represents a new environmental habitat for these novel species. The first data on the virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility are provided. The isolates of these two new species possess multiple virulence genes and are sensitive to amikacin, aztreonam, cefepime, cefoxatime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, piperacillintazobactam, tigecycline, tobramycin, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and imipenem. The key phenotypic tests for the differentiation of these new species from their closest relative Aeromonas caviae included the utilization of citrate, growth at 45 degrees C in sheep blood agar and acid production of cellobiose.",2012,"48-54",1,337]
["M3NCRZR2","journalArticle",1980,"McNicol, L A; Kaper, J B; Lockman, H A; Remmers, E F; Spira, W M; Colwell, R R","R-factor carriage in a group F vibrio isolated from Bangladesh","Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy",null,null,"10.1128/aac.17.3.512",null,"Two group F vibrio organisms have been identified among a collection of vibrio strains isolated from the aquatic environment in Bangladesh. Neither group F strain produced a cholera-like enterotoxin. One of the isolates, BV12, contained an R plasmid conferring resistance to streptomycin and chloramphenicol.",1980,"512-515",3,17]
["C86V5HN7","journalArticle",2018,"Duman, Muhammed; Saticioglu, Izzet Burcin; Janda, J Michael; Altun, Soner","The determination of the infectious status and prevalence of motile Aeromonas species isolated from disease cases in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and aquarium fish","Journal of Fish Diseases",null,null,"10.1111/jfd.12896",null,"The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and phylogenetic relationship of motile Aeromonas spp. that might be pathogenic species for rainbow trout in infected/mix infection cases (based upon different outbreaks on fish farms). A total of 99 motile Aeromonas isolates (and three reference strains) were analysed that were isolated from four different fish species in different sizes of fish (0.1-3,000 g), different months and water temperatures (6.1-21.2 degrees C). The biochemical characteristics of the isolates were determined using conventional tests and a rapid test kit. Additionally, molecular identification was performed using the gyrB housekeeping gene region and with glycerophospholipid-cholesterol acyltransferase polymerase chain reaction (GCAT-PCR). The sequencing results obtained from the gyrB gene region were deposited in the GenBank database, and phylogenetic relationships were determined with the BioNumerics 7.6 database. Nearly half of the Aeromonas isolates that were isolated from rainbow trout showing signs of disease were determined to be possible infectious agents. Aeromonas species exhibit biochemical variability for many characters, so some Aeromonas species tested negative for GCAT-PCR despite that this test was created especially for Aeromonas identification. The phylogenetic tree based upon gyrB contained 10 different phylogroups that were based on 96% cut-off value in gyrB gene region.",2018,"1843-1857",12,41]
["PZ5GMP9N","journalArticle",2004,"Singh, I; Virdi, J S","In vitro antibiotic susceptibilities of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A","World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology",null,null,"10.1023/B:WIBI.0000023909.16771.7b",null,"Antibiotic susceptibilities of 80 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype IA isolated from human, swine and various aquatic sources to 20 beta-lactam and 26 non-beta-lactam antibiotics were studied. Most isolates were resistant to penicillins, first-generation cephalosporins, macrolides and lincosamides, while sensitive to aminoglycosides and quinolones. In comparison to earlier studies, the majority of the strains were either intermediately sensitive or resistant to piperacillin. Relatively decreased susceptibility or resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was also observed in several Y. enterocolitica isolates.",2004,"329-331",3,20]
["AZSNTJXR","journalArticle",2009,"Cabello, Felipe C","Aquaculture and Florfenicol Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104","Emerging Infectious Diseases",null,null,"10.3201/eid1504.081171",null,null,2009,"623-623",4,15]
["XIAKZPPL","journalArticle",2012,"Stoesser, Nicole; Crook, Derrick W; Moore, Catrin E; Phetsouvanh, Rattanaphone; Chansamouth, Vilada; Newton, Paul N; Jones, Nicola","Characteristics of CTX-M ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from the Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2004-09","Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy",null,null,"10.1093/jac/dkr434",null,null,2012,"240-242",1,67]
["8JRCA3EA","journalArticle",2002,"Manabu, F; Toshimichi, M; Tsuneo, S; Michio, O","Tetracycline-resistant genes in bacterial isolates from yellowtail in Japan","Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology",{"$nulls":4},"Background: The distribution of TCr bacteria in natural environments is most interested, since tetracycline is among the antibiotics most commonly used in human, veterinary treatment and in aquaculture. In this study, we show the distribution of nine different TCr genes, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE, tetG, tetH, tetJ and tetY, in the bacterial strains isolated from young yellowtails grown in three different fish farms. The transfer of TCr genes from TCr bacteria in fish farms to E. coli is also presented. Method: TCr gram-negative bacteria were isolated from young yellow tails collected from three different fish farms in southern part of Japan. TCr gene was PCR amplified by using four different sets of primers developed for tetA and C, G and Y, B and D, and H, E and J, and then digested with restriction enzymes for identification. Seven tetB, 1 tetC, 1 tetD, 1 tetG and 2 tetY genes were cloned and sequenced. TCr bacteria identified as including Tet gene was conjugated with E. coli HB-101. Results: Of the 66 gram-negative TCr bacterial strains, 21 were isolated from the fish farm A, 6 were B and 39 were C. Of the 66, 26 strains were identified as including tetB, 3 were tetC, 2 tetD, 1 tetG and 2 tetY. No tet gene was detected in the other strains. The nucleotide sequences of the seven determined TCr genes showed 100-97.4% similarities to the sequences reported so far for clinical strains. The bacterial strains that contain the known type of TCr gene was conjugated with E. coli HB-101. Of the 33 strains examined, 9 strains were able to transfer TC resistance to E. coli HB-101. PCR amplification method indicated the presence of the same type of TCr gene in the 7 transconjugants. However, any known gene was not detected in the other two strains. Conclusion: In marine bacteria isolated from aquacultured yellow tail, we indicated the presence of transferable TCr genes, the structures of which were very similar to those of the tet genes reported for clinical isolates. The ability of the genes to move from marine bacteria to E. coli may suggest the transfer of the genes between clinical environments and sea farms.",2002,"429-429",null,102]
["APERRH3R","journalArticle",2013,"Deng, Yu-Ting; Zeng, Zhen-Ling; Tian, Wei; Yang, Tong; Liu, Jian-Hua","Prevalence and characteristics of rmtB and qepA in Escherichia coli isolated from diseased animals in China.","Frontiers in microbiology",null,null,"10.3389/fmicb.2013.00198",null,"16S rRNA methylase and QepA, a fluoroquinolone efflux pump, are new mechanisms of resistance against aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolone, respectively. One of 16S rRNA methylase genes, rmtB, was found to be associated with qepA, were both located on the same transposable element. In this study, we intended to determine the current prevalence and characteristics of the 16S rRNA methylase genes and qepA, and to study the association between rmtB and qepA. A total of 892 Escherichia coli isolates were collected from various diseased food-producing animals in China from 2004 to 2008 and screened by PCR for 16S rRNA methylase genes and qepA. About 12.6% (112/892) and 0.1% (1/892) of isolates that were highly resistant to amikacin were positive for rmtB and armA, respectively. The remaining five 16S rRNA methlyase genes were not detected. Thirty-six (4.0%) strains carried qepA. About 32.1% of rmtB-positive strains harbored qepA, which was not detected in rmtB-negative strains. Most strains were clonally unrelated, while identical PFGE profiles of rmtB-positive isolates were found in the same farm indicating clonal transmission. Conjugation experiments showed that rmtB was transferred to the recipients, and qepA also cotransferred with rmtB in some cases. The spread of E. coli of food animal origin harboring both rmtB and qepA suggests that surveillance for antimicrobial resistance of animal origin as well as the study of the mechanisms of resistance should be undertaken.",2013,"198-198",null,4]
["VQPIDV3H","journalArticle",2013,"Xing, Mengxin; Hou, Zhanhui; Yuan, Jianbo; Liu, Yuan; Qu, Yanmei; Liu, Bin","Taxonomic and functional metagenomic profiling of gastrointestinal tract microbiome of the farmed adult turbot (Scophthalmus maximus).","FEMS microbiology ecology",null,null,"10.1111/1574-6941.12174",null,"Metagenomics combined with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses was applied to unveil  the taxonomic composition and functional diversity of the farmed adult turbot gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes which existed in both GI content and mucus were dominated in the turbot GI microbiome. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses also indicated that the turbot GI tract may harbor some bacteria which originated from associated seawater. Functional analyses indicated that the clustering-based subsystem and many metabolic subsystems were dominant in the turbot GI metagenome. Compared with other gut metagenomes, quorum sensing and biofilm formation was overabundant in the turbot GI metagenome. Genes associated with quorum sensing and biofilm formation were found in species within Vibrio, including Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In farmed fish gut metagenomes, the stress response and protein folding subsystems were over-represented and several genes concerning antibiotic and heavy metal resistance were also detected. These data suggested that the turbot GI microbiome may be affected by human factors in aquaculture. Additionally, iron acquisition and the metabolism subsystem were more abundant in the turbot GI metagenome when compared with freshwater fish gut metagenome, suggesting that unique metabolic potential may be observed in marine animal GI microbiomes.","2013-12","432-443",3,86]
["HGNWJ3SD","journalArticle",2014,"Yang, Baowei; Wang, Qianning; Cui, Shenghui; Wang, Yin; Shi, Chao; Xia, Xiaodong; Xi, Meili; Wang, Xin; Shi, Xianming; Wang, Dapeng; Zhang, Zengfeng; Meng, Jianghong","Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Salmonella strains isolated from retail foods in Shaanxi and Henan Province, China.","Food microbiology",null,null,"10.1016/j.fm.2014.02.003",null,"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica have been  reported worldwide. However, research on foodborne ESBL-producing Salmonella has been rarely conducted. One hundred and thirty eight ceftriaxone or/and cefoperazone-resistant Salmonella strains recovered from retail foods in Shaanxi and Henan Province, China, were screened for ESBL. The ESBL-producing strains were further characterized for antimicrobial resistance, pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles, and the presence of blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCTX-M, and blaPSE. The transferability of ESBL encoding genes to a susceptible Escherichia coli strain was also investigated. Thirty (21.7%) isolates were identified as ESBL positive and belonged to S. enterica serovars Indiana, Shubra, Typhimurium, and Enteritidis. S. Indiana and S. Shubra isolates were firstly identified in ESBL-producing strains. Great genetic diversity was seen among these ESBL-producing strains. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that blaTEM-1B was the only ESBL-encoding gene among the genes tested and was detected in 26 of 30 strains and was carried in the conjugative plasmids. The blaTEM-1B gene was transferable through conjugation at rates ranging from 4.71 x 10(-7) to 7.55 x 10(-6) transconjugant per recipient cell. This study provides the evidence of foodborne ESBL-producing Salmonella, and the transferability of plasmid harboring ESBL-encoding genes could possibly contribute to the dissemination of ESBL.","2014-09","14-18",null,42]
["DLGBXX44","journalArticle",2012,"Tamang, Migma Dorji; Nam, Hyang-Mi; Chae, Myung Hwa; Kim, Su-Ran; Gurung, Mamata; Jang, Geum-Chan; Jung, Suk-Chan; Lim, Suk-Kyung","Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants among Escherichia coli isolated from food animals in Korea.","Foodborne pathogens and disease",null,null,"10.1089/fpd.2012.1225",null,"The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants in Escherichia coli isolated from food-producing animals and to characterize the PMQR-positive isolates. A total of 365 E. coli isolates which were either nalidixic acid resistant and ciprofloxacin susceptible (NAL(R)-CIP(S); n=185), or nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistant (NAL(R)-CIP(R); n=180) were assessed for the presence of PMQR determinants by polymerase chain reaction. PMQR-positive isolates were further characterized by mutation analysis within the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE, phylogenetic group analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Fourteen NAL(R)-CIP(S) (n=8) and NAL(R)-CIP(R) (n=6) E. coli isolates were positive for PMQR genes. Among them, qnrB4, qnrS1, and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes were detected in two (0.5%), eight (2.2%), and four (1.1%) isolates, respectively. None of the isolates harbored qnrA, qnrC, qnrD, and qepA genes. All but one PMQR-positive isolates harbored one or more point mutations in the QRDR of gyrA, and five of these isolates had additional mutations in the parC gene. Furthermore, one isolate each had additional substitutions in gyrB and parE genes, respectively. The most prevalent mutation was Ser83-Leu within the QRDR of gyrA. Phylogenetic analysis identified three major phylogenetic lineages, with phylogroups A (n=7) and D (n=4) being the most common phylogroups. None of the isolates belonged to virulent phylogroup B2. PFGE demonstrated that a combination of clonal and horizontal gene transmission is disseminating PMQR genes among the veterinary E. coli isolates in Korea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of occurrence of qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes in E. coli isolated from food-producing animals in Korea. Isolation of PMQR genes from food animals is a matter of concern since they could be transmitted to humans via food animals.","2012-12","1057-1063",12,9]
["22Z4UH5K","journalArticle",2003,"Kijima-Tanaka, Mayumi; Ishihara, Kanako; Morioka, Ayako; Kojima, Akemi; Ohzono, Tomoko; Ogikubo, Kaori; Takahashi, Toshio; Tamura, Yutaka","A national surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated  from food-producing animals in Japan.","The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy",null,null,"10.1093/jac/dkg014",null,"A nationwide investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility in Escherichia coli isolated from food-producing animals was performed in Japan. MICs of 18 antimicrobial agents were determined for a total of 1018 isolates. Higher resistance rates were observed against sulfadimethoxine, oxytetracycline and dihydrostreptomycin, followed by ampicillin and kanamycin. Resistance was more frequently observed among broiler isolates, followed by isolates from pigs. Almost 10% of broiler isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones and extremely high MICs (100 mg/L) were observed. In general, antimicrobial resistance rates in E. coli have declined in recent years, with the exception of resistance to fluoroquinolones among broiler isolates, which has increased.","2003-02","447-451",2,51]
["SZJ8FPUX","journalArticle",2009,"Wang, Qiyao; Yang, Minjun; Xiao, Jingfan; Wu, Haizhen; Wang, Xin; Lv, Yuanzhi; Xu, Lili; Zheng, Huajun; Wang, Shengyue; Zhao, Guoping; Liu, Qin; Zhang, Yuanxing","Genome sequence of the versatile fish pathogen Edwardsiella tarda provides insights into its adaptation to broad host ranges and intracellular niches.","PloS one",null,null,"10.1371/journal.pone.0007646",null,"BACKGROUND: Edwardsiella tarda is the etiologic agent of edwardsiellosis, a devastating fish disease prevailing in worldwide aquaculture industries. Here we describe the complete genome of E. tarda, EIB202, a highly virulent and multi-drug resistant isolate in China. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: E. tarda EIB202 possesses a single chromosome of 3,760,463 base pairs containing 3,486 predicted protein coding sequences, 8 ribosomal rRNA operons, and 95 tRNA genes, and a 43,703 bp conjugative plasmid harboring multi-drug resistant determinants and encoding type IV A secretion system components. We identified a full spectrum of genetic properties related to its genome plasticity such as repeated sequences, insertion sequences, phage-like proteins, integrases, recombinases and genomic islands. In addition, analysis also indicated that a substantial proportion of the E. tarda genome might be devoted to the growth and survival under diverse conditions including intracellular niches, with a large number of aerobic or anaerobic respiration-associated proteins, signal transduction proteins as well as proteins involved in various stress adaptations. A pool of genes for secretion systems, pili formation, nonfimbrial adhesions, invasions and hemagglutinins, chondroitinases, hemolysins, iron scavenging systems as well as the incomplete flagellar biogenesis might feature its surface structures and pathogenesis in a fish body. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Genomic analysis of the bacterium offered insights into the phylogeny, metabolism, drug-resistance, stress adaptation, and virulence characteristics of this versatile pathogen, which constitutes an important first step in understanding the pathogenesis of E. tarda to facilitate construction of a practical effective vaccine used for combating fish edwardsiellosis.","2009-10","e7646-e7646",10,4]
["986NCEB9","journalArticle",2013,"Rajpara, Neha; Vinothkumar, Kittappa; Mohanty, Priyabrata; Singh, Arun Kumar; Singh, Rajesh; Sinha, Ritam; Nag, Dhrubajyoti; Koley, Hemanta; Kushwaha Bhardwaj, Ashima","Synergistic effect of various virulence factors leading to high toxicity of environmental V. cholerae non-O1/ non-O139 isolates lacking ctx gene : comparative study with clinical strains.","PloS one",null,null,"10.1371/journal.pone.0076200",null,"BACKGROUND: Vibrio cholerae non-O1/ non-O139 serogroups have been reported to cause sporadic diarrhoea in humans. Cholera toxins have been mostly implicated for hypersecretion of ions and water into the small intestine. Though most of the V. cholerae non-O1/ non-O139 strains lack these cholera toxins, several other innate virulence factors contribute towards their pathogenicity. The environmental isolates may thus act as reservoirs for potential spreading of these virulence genes in the natural environment which may cause the emergence of epidemic-causing organisms. RESULTS: The environmental isolates of vibrios were obtained from water samples, zooplanktons and phytoplanktons, from a village pond in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. They were confirmed as Vibrio cholerae non-O1/ non-O139 using standard biochemical and serotyping tests. PCR experiments revealed that the isolates lacked ctxA, ctxB, tcpA, zot and ace genes whereas other pathogenicity genes like toxR, rtxC, hlyA, hapA and prtV were detected in these isolates. Compared with epidemic strain V. cholerae O1 El Tor N16961, culture supernatants from most of these isolates caused higher cytotoxicity to HT29 cells and higher hemolytic, hemagglutinin and protease activities. In rabbit ileal loop assays, the environmental isolates showed only 2-4 folds lesser fluid accumulation in comparison to N16961 and a V. cholerae clinical isolate IDH02365 of 2009. Pulsed Field Gel electrophoresis and Random amplification of Polymorphic DNA indicated that these isolates showed considerable diversity and did not share the same clonal lineage even though they were derived from the same water source. All the isolates showed resistance to one or more antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Though these environmental isolates lacked the cholera toxins, they seem to have adopted other survival strategies by optimally utilising a diverse array of several other toxins. The current findings indicate the possibility that these isolates could cause some gastroenteric inflammation when ingested and may serve as progenitors for overt disease-causing organisms.",2013,"e76200-e76200",9,8]
["DK3VA7JG","journalArticle",2013,"Ye, Lei; Lu, Zhang; Li, Xinhui; Shi, Lei; Huang, Ying; Wang, Hua H","Antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with retail aquaculture products from Guangzhou, China.","Journal of food protection",null,null,"10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-288",null,"This study examined the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant (ART) bacteria and representative antibiotic resistance (AR)-encoding genes associated with several aquaculture products from retail markets in Guangzhou, China. ART commensal bacteria were found in 100% of the products examined. Among 505 multidrug-resistant isolates examined, close to one-fourth contained intI and sul1 genes: 15% contained sul2 and 5% contained tet (E). Incidences of beta-lactamase-encoding genes bla(TEM), bla(CMY) and erythromycin resistance determinants ermB and ermC were 4.5, 1.7, 1.3, and 0.3%, respectively. Most of the ART isolates identified from the rinse water were Aeromonas spp.; those from intestines belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae. Plasmid-associated intI and AR-encoding genes were identified in several ART isolates by Southern hybridization. Three multidrug resistance-encoding plasmids were transferred into Escherichia coli DH5 a by chemical transformation and led to acquired AR in the transformants. In addition, the AR traits in many isolates were quite stable, even in the absence of selective pressure. Further studies are needed to reveal risk factors associated with the aquaculture production chain for targeted AR mitigation.","2013-02","295-301",2,76]
["92YALSGI","journalArticle",2015,"Khan, Muhammad Naseem; Li, Meng; Mirani, Zulfiqar Ali; Wang, Jingxue; Lin, Hong; Buzdar, Muhammad Aslam","Broad spectrum anti-microbial compounds producing bacteria from coast of Qingdao  bays.","Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences",{"$nulls":4},"Anti-microbial resistance burden and hazard associated with chemical treatment of infections demanded for new anti-microbial natural products. Marine associated microorganisms are the enormous source of bioactive compounds. In this study we have isolated 272 marine bacteria among them 136 (50%) were antagonistic to at least one of the four pathogenic strains Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio cholerae, E. coli and S. aureus. Only two strains exhibited antibacterial activity against all four test strains, which were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as Bacillus sp. DK1-SA11 and Vibrio sp. DK6-SH8. Marine isolate DK1-SA11 has potential to resist boiling temperature and pH 2-12. Furthermore cell free extract (CFE) inhibited all test organisms including superbug MRSA and pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Marine isolate Bacillus sp. DK1-SA11 could be a potential combatant for the battle of drugs and bugs.","2015-03","473-482",2,28]
["WVHPWKZY","journalArticle",2015,"Kayansamruaj, Pattanapon; Pirarat, Nopadon; Kondo, Hidehiro; Hirono, Ikuo; Rodkhum, Channarong","Genomic comparison between pathogenic Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from Nile tilapia in Thailand and fish-derived ST7 strains.","Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases",null,null,"10.1016/j.meegid.2015.10.009",null,"Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B streptococcus (GBS), is a highly virulent pathogen in aquatic animals, causing huge mortalities worldwide. In Thailand, the serotype Ia, beta-hemolytic GBS, belonging to sequence type (ST) 7 of clonal complex (CC) 7, was found to be the major cause of streptococcosis outbreaks in fish farms. In this study, we performed an in silico genomic comparison, aiming to investigate the phylogenetic relationship between the pathogenic fish strains of Thai ST7 and other ST7 from different hosts and geographical origins. In general, the genomes of Thai ST7 strains are closely related to other fish ST7s, as the core genome is shared by 92-95% of any individual fish ST7 genome. Among the fish ST7 genomes, we observed only small dissimilarities, based on the analysis of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), surface protein markers, insertions sequence (IS) elements and putative virulence genes. The phylogenetic tree based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the core genome sequences clearly categorized the ST7 strains according to their geographical and host origins, with the human ST7 being genetically distant from other fish ST7 strains. A pan-genome analysis of ST7 strains detected a 48-kb gene island specifically in the Thai ST7 isolates. The orientations and predicted amino acid sequences of the genes in the island closely matched those of Tn5252, a streptococcal conjugative transposon, in GBS 2603V/R serotype V, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus suis. Thus, it was presumed that Thai ST7 acquired this Tn5252 homologue from related streptococci. The close phylogenetic relationship between the fish ST7 strains suggests that these strains were derived from a common ancestor and have diverged in different geographical regions and in different hosts.","2015-12","307-314",null,36]
["LPRJH99V","journalArticle",2015,"Hu, Jing; Wang, Fang; Han, Shuai-Bo; Wu, Sang-Ling; Wu, Min; Xu, Xue-Wei","Genome sequence of facultatively anaerobic marine bacterium Maribacter thermophilus strain HT7-2(T).","Marine genomics",null,null,"10.1016/j.margen.2015.08.003",null,"Maribacter thermophilus strain HT7-2(T), isolated from Ulva prolifera collected from the intertidal zone of Qingdao sea area, China. To date, M. thermophilus strain HT7-2(T) is the only one which has been found that has a relatively higher optimum temperature compared to other Maribacter species and it is also the first strain to be described that is facultatively anaerobic while other identified strains within genus Maribacter are strictly aerobic. Meanwhile, M. thermophilus strain HT7-2(T) harbors several coding genes related to heavy metal resistance and to antibiotics, which increase the robustness of the strain. Here, we report the genome sequence and annotation of M. thermophilus strain HT7-2(T), which comprises 4,050,606 bp with G+C content of 38.93%. A total of 3585 protein coding genes, 41 tRNAs and 6rRNAs were obtained. The genome annotation may provide basic information on some special traits and pathways in this strain.","2015-12","265-268",null,"24 Pt 3"]
["66EJIDCE","journalArticle",2017,"Alikunhi, Nabeel M; Batang, Zenon B; AlJahdali, Haitham A; Aziz, Mohammed A M; Al-Suwailem, Abdulaziz M","Culture-dependent bacteria in commercial fishes: Qualitative assessment and molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.","Saudi journal of biological sciences",null,null,"10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.05.017",null,"Fish contamination has been extensively investigated along the Saudi coasts, but  studies pertaining to bacterial pathogens are scarce. We conducted qualitative assessment and molecular identification of culture-dependent bacteria in 13 fish species from three coastal sites and a local fish market in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Bacterial counts of gills, skin, gut and muscle were examined on agar plates of Macconkey's (Mac), Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) and Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts (TCBS) culture media. Bacterial counts significantly differed between species, sources and feeding habits of examined fishes. Mugil cephalus exhibited higher counts on TCBS (all body parts), Mac (gills, muscle and gut) and EMB (gills and muscle). Fishes from Area I had higher bacterial loads, coinciding with those in seawater and sediment from the same site, indicating direct association between habitat conditions and the levels of bacterial contamination. By feeding habit, detritivorous fish harbored higher counts than herbivorous and carnivorous species. Bacterial counts of skin were higher in fish from market than field sites, and positively correlated with other body parts indicating the relation of surface bacterial load on the overall quality of fish. Rahnella aquatilis (Enterobacteriaceae) and Photobacterium damselae (Vibrionaceae) were among the dominant species from fish muscle based on 16S rRNA sequencing. These species are known human pathogens capable of causing foodborne illness with severe antibiotic resistance. Opportunistic pathogens, e.g. Hafnia sp. (Enterobacteriaceae) and Pseudomonas stutzeri (Pseudomonadaceae) also occurred in fish muscle. The inclusion of bacterial contamination in future monitoring efforts is thus crucial.","2017-09","1105-1116",6,24]
["YVWYRCQR","journalArticle",2014,"Zhang, Xujie; Yang, Wuming; Wu, Han; Gong, Xiaoning; Li, Aihua","Multilocus sequence typing revealed a clonal lineage of Aeromonas hydrophila caused motile Aeromonas septicemia outbreaks in pond-cultured cyprinid fish in an epidemic area in central China","AQUACULTURE",null,null,"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.04.017",null,"Motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) has been increasingly prevalent in cultured fish throughout China since 1989. Over the past two decades, our laboratory conducted two pathogen detection studies in septicemia outbreak fishponds in an epidemic area in central China. One was conducted from May 1990 to October 1991, when MAS was beginning to spread in China, and the other was recently conducted from August 2006 to July 2009. We found that Aeromonas hydrophila was responsible for these MAS outbreaks. A. hydrophila isolates were previously known to be phenotypically, serologically, and genetically diverse and no dominant clones were found. In this study, multilocus sequence typing analysis was used to observe a clonal lineage of A. hydrophila, which was responsible for MAS outbreaks in pond-cultured cyprinid fish in an epidemic area in central China for two decades. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","2014-08","2021-01-06","SI",432]
["IYRNVY8U","journalArticle",2012,"Zhang, Ruifu; Pan, Li; Zhao, Zhenye; Gu, Ji-Dong","High incidence of plasmids in marine Vibrio species isolated from Mai Po Nature Reserve of Hong Kong.","Ecotoxicology (London, England)",null,null,"10.1007/s10646-012-0939-7",null,"Mai Po Nature Reserve is the largest mangrove ecosystem and the most polluted coastal water body in Hong Kong. Plasmids screening of 100 Vibrio isolates randomly showed 45 % of them contained 1-3 plasmids. These plasmid(s)-bearing isolates could be divided into 12 groups based on their plasmid profiles. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that all plasmid(s)-bearing isolates belonged to Vibrio cholerae. Full DNA sequences of the plasmids in Groups I (pVCG1.1 and pVCG1.2), II (pVCG2.1), III (pVCG3.2) and IV (pVCG4.1) have been determined and the results showed that pVCG1.1, pVCG2.1 and pVCG3.2 were almost identical. Plasmids pVCG1.1, pVCG1.2 and pVCG4.1 are comprised of 4,439, 2,357 and 2,163 bp with the overall G+C content of 45.57, 53.54 and 43.09 %, respectively. pVCG1.1 is a novel plasmid, and plasmids pVCG1.2 and pVCG4.1 showed homology of replication initiation proteins to that of the theta type replicons. Attempts to cure the plasmids from their hosts were unsuccessful. These data suggest that plasmids of Vibrio spp. are a significant gene reservoir in the marine ecosystem.","2012-08","1661-1668",6,21]
["UJEMGA2B","journalArticle",2012,"Chaiyapechara, Sage; Rungrassamee, Wanilada; Suriyachay, Ittipon; Kuncharin, Yanin; Klanchui, Amornpan; Karoonuthaisiri, Nitsara; Jiravanichpaisal, Pikul","Bacterial community associated with the intestinal tract of P. monodon in commercial farms.","Microbial ecology",null,null,"10.1007/s00248-011-9936-2",null,"The potentially important roles of intestinal bacteria on immune response, disease resistance, and nutrition for the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon have been increasingly investigated. However, so far, little is known about the intestinal bacterial community of the shrimp in the commercial aquaculture settings. In this study, the intestinal bacterial communities of juvenile P. monodon (70 individuals) from eight commercial farms in Thailand were examined using 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE, and seven 16S rDNA clone libraries from representative DGGE profiles were constructed. Bacteria in the gamma-Proteobacteria class were the only common bacteria group found in the intestinal tracts of shrimp from all farms. The dominant bacterial genera in the intestinal population of each shrimp varied among different farms, and these genera were Vibrio, Photobacterium, Aeromonas, or Propionigenium (phylum Fusobacteria). Other commonly found genera included Actinomyces, Anaerobaculum, Halospirulina, Pseudomonas, Mycoplasma, and Shewanella. Twelve phyla of bacteria including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Tenericutes, Deinococcus-Thermus, Planctomycetes, Spirochaetes, Synergistetes, Thermotogae, and Verrucomicrobia were represented in the sequences. Additionally, strictly anaerobic bacteria such as Propionigenium and Fusibacter were found. These intestinal bacterial communities varied significantly among different commercial farms and were distinct from their rearing water. The results provide descriptive structures of the intestinal bacterial communities of P. monodon in commercial farms, which can further be applied to areas of research on the immunity, disease resistance, and nutrition of shrimp to improve aquaculture of the black tiger shrimp.","2012-05","938-953",4,63]
["KKFCKQYM","journalArticle",2011,"Li, Bai-sheng; Tan, Hai-ling; Wang, Duo-chun; Deng, Xiao-ling; Chen, Jing-diao; Zhong, Hao-jie; Ke, Bi-xia; Ke, Chang-wen; Kan, Biao","Phenotypic and genotypic characterization Vibrio cholerae O139 of clinical and aquatic isolates in China.","Current microbiology",null,null,"10.1007/s00284-010-9802-3",null,"To enhance the understanding of epidemiological impact of environmental Vibrio cholerae O139 strains, we characterized 10 clinical and 20 environmental isolates collected from human clinical samples and Pear River estuary during 2006 to 2008. Isolates were tested by PCR for eight virulence genes: cholera toxin (ctxA), zonula occludens toxin (zot), accessory cholera enterotoxin (ace), hemolysin (hlyA), NAG-specific heat-stable toxin (st), toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpA), outer membrane protein (ompU), and regulatory protein genes (tcpI). Genetic relatedness was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antibiotic susceptibility was determined using disk diffusion. Seven of eight virulence markers were detected in six clinical isolates and one environmental isolate. One clinical and one environmental isolate were positive for six virulence markers. 60% clinical isolates showed multi-drug resistance to tetracycline (TET), Nalidixic acid (NAL), chloramphenicol (CHL), and ampicillin (AMP), 70% were resistant to Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole (SXT), while only 35% environmental strains were resistant to SXT. PFGE analysis revealed that the isolates in this study were formed three clusters. Cluster III was more related to strains from diarrheal patients than the strains in other clusters. Different from the clinical strains, most environmental strains lacked CTX and TCP gene clusters. Most environmental strains possess a single resistance profile, while most clinical isolates show multidrug resistant. PFGE analysis indicated the cluster III has more possibility to become a potential pathogenic clonal cluster.","2011-03","950-955",3,62]
["3572PYJE","journalArticle",2019,"Coyne, Lucy; Arief, Riana; Benigno, Carolyn; Giang, Vo Ngan; Huong, Luu Quynh; Jeamsripong, Saharuetai; Kalpravidh, Wantanee; McGrane, James; Padungtod, Pawin; Patrick, Ian; Schoonman, Luuk; Setyawan, Erry; Sukarno, Ady Harja; Srisamran, Jutanat; Ngoc, Pham Thi; Rushton, Jonathan","Characterizing Antimicrobial Use in the Livestock Sector in Three South East Asian Countries (Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam)","ANTIBIOTICS-BASEL",null,null,"10.3390/antibiotics8010033",null,"A framework was developed to characterize the antimicrobial use/antimicrobial resistance complex in livestock systems in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand. Farm profitability, disease prevention, and mortality rate reduction were identified as drivers toward antimicrobial use in livestock systems. It revealed that antimicrobial use was high in all sectors studied, and that routine preventative use was of particular importance to broiler production systems. Misleading feed labeling was identified as a hurdle to the collection of accurate antimicrobial use data, with farmers being unaware of the antimicrobials contained in some commercial feed. Economic analysis found that the cost of antimicrobials was low relative to other farm inputs, and that farm profitability was precariously balanced. High disease and poor prices were identified as potential drivers toward economic loss. The research indicates that antimicrobial use in small-scale poultry production systems improves feed conversion ratios and overall productivity. However, data were limited to quantify adequately these potential gains and their impacts on the food supply. During the study, all countries embraced and implemented policies on better management of antimicrobial use in livestock and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance. Future policies need to consider farm-level economics and livestock food supply issues when developing further antimicrobial use interventions in the region.","2019-03",null,1,8]
["7RPHYN68","journalArticle",2018,"Zhang, Yongpeng; Niu, Zhiguang; Zhang, Ying; Zhang, Kai","Occurrence of intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in coastal areas of Bohai Bay (China) and the factors affecting them","ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION",null,null,"10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.033",null,"Coastal areas are the transition zones between ocean and land where intracellular antibiotic resistance genes (iARGs) and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs) could spread among marine organisms, and between humans and marine organisms. However, little attention has been paid to the combined research on iARGs and eARGs in marine environment. In this context, we collected water and sediment samples from the coastal areas of the Bohai Bay in China and performed molecular and chemical analyses. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) showed that the relative abundance of eARGs was up to 4.3 +/- 1.3 x 10(-1) gene copies/16S rRNA copies in the water samples and 2.6 +/- 0.3 x 10(-3) gene copies/16S rRNA copies in the sediment samples. Also, the abundance of eARGs was significantly higher than that of iARGs. Furthermore, the average abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs, include iARGs and eARGs) were the highest in both the water and sediment samples from the estuaries. The results of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the concentrations of antibiotics in estuaries and areas near the mariculture site were higher than that in the other sites. The class 1 integron gene (int1) and sul1 in the intracellular DNA were significantly correlated in the water samples. Moreover, significant correlation between intl and sul2 in the extracellular DNA was also found in the sediment samples. The combination of sulfamerazine and tetracycline as well as the combination of sulfamethazine and dissolved oxygen can both explain the abundance of ARGs, implying the combined effects of multiple stresses on ARGs. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","2018-05","126-136",null,236]
["7FG8A9WK","journalArticle",2017,"Raja, R Ananda; Sridhar, R; Balachandran, C; Palanisammi, A; Ramesh, S; Nagarajan, K","Prevalence of Vibrio spp. with special reference to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in farmed penaeid shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) from selected districts of Tamil Nadu, India","INDIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES",null,null,"10.21077/ijf.2017.64.3.69011-18",null,"Prevalence of Vibrio spp. with special reference to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) infection was assessed in Penaeus vannamei farms in Kancheepuram and Thiruvallur districts of Tamil Nadu during the period August 2014 to February 2015. Isolation and identification of bacteria from haemolymph, stomach and hepatopancreas of P. vannamei was done from all the farms for the prevalence of Vp infection. Based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characterisation, 74 isolates were identified as Vp (35.14%), V. harveyi (21.62%), V. anguillarum (16.22%), V. campbellii (10.81%), V. mimicus (8.11%), V. alginolyticus (5.41%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.7%). The PCR results showed that there were 26 (35.14%) isolates positive for Vp specific toxR and tlh genes and negative for human pathogenic tdh and trh genes. All isolates were also negative for acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) specific AP1, AP2, AP3 (pirA(vp)) and AP4 (pirA(vp) and pirB(vp)) genes. The study revealed that there was no AHPND causing Vp strain in farmed P. vannamei from two important coastal districts of Tamil Nadu, India.",2017,"122-128",3,64]
["QAXEG52Q","journalArticle",2017,"Rashed, Shah M; Hasan, Nur A; Alam, Munirul; Sadique, Abdus; Sultana, Marzia; Hoq, Md. Mozammel; Sack, R Bradley; Colwell, Rita R; Huq, Anwar","Vibrio cholerae O1 with Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin and Azithromycin Isolated from a Rural Coastal Area of Bangladesh","FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY",null,null,"10.3389/fmicb.2017.00252",null,"Cholera outbreaks occur each year in the remote coastal areas of Bangladesh and epidemiological surveillance and routine monitoring of cholera in these areas is challenging. In this study, a total of 97 Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from Mathbaria, Bangladesh, collected during 2010 and 2014 were analyzed for phenotypic and genotypic traits, including antimicrobial susceptibility. Of the 97 isolates, 95 possessed CTX-phage mediated genes, ctxA, ace, and zot, and two lacked the cholera toxin gene, ctxA. Also both CTX+ and CTX- V. cholerae O1 isolated in this study carried rtxC, tcpAET, and hlyA. The classical cholera toxin gene, ctxB1, was detected in 87 isolates, while eight had ctxB7. Of 95 CTX+ V. cholerae O1, 90 contained rstRET and 5 had rstRCL. All isolates, except two, contained SXT related integrase intSXT. Resistance to penicillin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, erythromycin, and tetracycline varied between the years of study period. Most importantly, 93% of the V. cholerae O1 were multidrug resistant. Six different resistance profiles were observed, with resistance to streptomycin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim predominant every year. Ciprofloxacin and azithromycin MIC were 0.0030.75 and 0.192.00 mu g/ml, respectively, indicating reduced susceptibility to these antibiotics. Sixteen of the V. cholerae O1 isolates showed higher MIC for azithromycin (>= 0.5 mu g/ml) and were further examined for 10 macrolide resistance genes, erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), ere(A), ere(B), mph(A), mph(B), mph(D), mef(A), and msr(A) with none testing positive for the macrolide resistance genes.","2017-02",null,null,8]
["SKQW4N2Y","journalArticle",2015,"Xiong, Wenguang; Sun, Yongxue; Zhang, Tong; Ding, Xueyao; Li, Yafei; Wang, Mianzhi; Zeng, Zhenling","Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistance Genes, and Bacterial Community Composition in Fresh Water Aquaculture Environment in China","Microbial Ecology",null,null,"10.1007/s00248-015-0583-x","https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-015-0583-x","Environmental antibiotic resistance has drawn increasing attention due to its great threat to human health. In this study, we investigated concentrations of antibiotics (tetracyclines, sulfonamides and (fluoro)quinolones) and abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including tetracycline resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, and analyzed bacterial community composition in aquaculture environment in Guangdong, China. The concentrations of sulfametoxydiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and enrofloxacin were as high as 446 μg kg−1 and 98.6 ng L−1 in sediment and water samples, respectively. The relative abundances (ARG copies/16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene copies) of ARGs (sul1, sul2, sul3, tetM, tetO, tetW, tetS, tetQ, tetX, tetB/P, qepA, oqxA, oqxB, aac(6′)-Ib, and qnrS) were as high as 2.8 × 10−2. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes in sediment samples and Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in water samples. The genera associated with pathogens were also observed, such as Acinetobacter, Arcobacter, and Clostridium. This study comprehensively investigated antibiotics, ARGs, and bacterial community composition in aquaculture environment in China. The results indicated that fish ponds are reservoirs of ARGs and the presence of potential resistant and pathogen-associated taxonomic groups in fish ponds might imply the potential risk to human health.",2015,"425-432",2,70]
["542TCRBB","journalArticle",2018,"Jang, Hyun Min; Kim, Young Beom; Choi, Sangki; Lee, Yunho; Shin, Seung Gu; Unno, Tatsuya; Kim, Young Mo","Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes from effluent of coastal aquaculture, South Korea.","Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)",null,null,"10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.006",null,"The wide use of antibiotics in aquaculture for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes can potentially lead to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study reports for the first time the profile of ARGs from effluents of coastal aquaculture located in South Jeolla province and Jeju Island, South Korea. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR), twenty-two ARGs encoding tetracycline resistance (tetA, tetB, tetD, tetE, tetG, tetH, tetM, tetQ, tetX, tetZ, tetBP), sulfonamide resistance (sul1, sul2), quinolone resistance (qnrD, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr), beta-lactams resistance (blaTEM, blaCTX, blaSHV), macrolide resistance (ermC), florfenicol resistance (floR) and multidrug resistance (oqxA) and a class 1 integrons-integrase gene (intI1) were quantified. In addition, Illumina Miseq sequencing was applied to investigate microbial community differences across fish farm effluents. Results from qPCR showed that the total number of detected ARGs ranged from 4.24 x 10(-3) to 1.46 x 10(-2) copies/16S rRNA gene. Among them, tetB and tetD were predominant, accounting for 74.8%-98.0% of the total ARGs. Furthermore, intI1 gene showed positive correlation with tetB, tetD, tetE, tetH, tetX, tetZ tetQ and sul1. Microbial community analysis revealed potential host bacteria for ARGs and intI1. Two genera, Vibrio and Marinomonas belonging to Gammaproteobacteria, showed significant correlation with tetB and tetD, the most dominant ARGs in all samples. Also, operational taxonomic units (OTUs)-based network analysis revealed that ten OTUs, classified into the phyla Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria/Chloroplast, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia and an unclassified phylum, were potential hosts of tetracycline resistance genes (i.e., tetA, tetG, tetH, tetM, tetQ and tetZ). Further systematic monitoring of ARGs is warranted for risk assessment and management of antibacterial resistance from fish farm effluents.","2018-02","1049-1057",null,233]
["22G65KCH","journalArticle",2016,"Marathe, Nachiket P; Gaikwad, Swapnil S; Vaishampayan, Ankita A; Rasane, Mandar H; Shouche, Yogesh S; Gade, Wasudev N","Mossambicus tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) collected from water bodies impacted by urban waste carries extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and integron-bearing gut bacteria.","Journal of biosciences",{"$nulls":4},"Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852) (Tilapia) is one of the most consumed fish  globally. Tilapia thrives well in environments polluted by urban waste, which invariably contain antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Thus, Tilapia surviving in such polluted environments may serve as a potential source for dissemination of ARGs. To investigate this, we isolated bacterial strains from gut of Tilapia found in polluted rivers and lakes near Pune, India, and studied the prevalence of resistance genes by molecular methods. A total of 91 bacterial strains were obtained, which include fish pathogens and human pathogens such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter spp. and Shigella spp. Overall the prevalence of class 1 integrons, class 2 integrons, extended-spectrum betalactamases (ESBLs) blaCTX-M, blaSHV and aac(6')-Ib-cr gene was 38 percent, 24 percent, 38 percent, 31 percent and 31 percent respectively. Forty-two percent of the Enterobacteriaceae strains carried blaCTX-M gene, which is a common ESBL gene in clinics. The study demonstrates that tilapia found in the polluted waters can serve as reservoirs and an alternative route for human exposure to clinically important ARG-carrying bacteria. The consumption and handling of these fish may pose a potential health risk.","2016-09","341-346",3,41]
["6J2UYD2L","journalArticle",2016,"Xie, Tengfei; Xu, Xiaoke; Wu, Qingping; Zhang, Jumei; Cheng, Jianheng","Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Ready-to-Eat Foods in China.","Frontiers in microbiology",null,null,"10.3389/fmicb.2016.00549",null,"Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks, particularly outbreaks associated with consumption of fish and shellfish, and represents a major threat to human health worldwide. This bacterium harbors two main virulence factors: the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin (TRH). Additionally, various serotypes have been identified. The extensive use of antibiotics is a contributing factor to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial-resistant V. parahaemolyticus. In the current study, we aimed to determine the incidence and features of V. parahaemolyticus in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods in China. We found 39 V. parahaemolyticus strains on Chinese RTE foods through investigation of 511 RTE foods samples from 24 cities in China. All isolates were analyzed for the presence of tdh and trh gene by PCR, serotyping was performed using multiplex PCR, antibiotic susceptibility analysis was carried out using the disk diffusion method, and molecular typing was performed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The results showed that none of the isolates were positive for tdh and trh. Most of the isolates (33.3%) were serotype O2. Antimicrobial susceptibility results indicated that most strains were resistant to streptomycin (89.7%), cefazolin (51.3%), and ampicillin (51.3%). The isolates were grouped into five clusters by ERIC-PCR and four clusters by MLST. We updated 10 novel loci and 33 sequence types (STs) in the MLST database. Thus, our findings demonstrated the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in Chinese RTE foods, provided insights into the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant strains, and improved our knowledge of methods of microbiological risk assessment in RTE foods.",2016,"549-549",null,7]
["A3UFNIAT","journalArticle",2015,"Esteve, C; Alcaide, E; Gimenez, M J","Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Aeromonas recovered from the metropolitan area of Valencia (Spain): diseases spectrum and prevalence in the environment.","European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology",null,null,"10.1007/s10096-014-2210-z",null,"Aeromonas infections are rare in Europe and often related to traveller's diarrhoea. A total of 185 Aeromonas isolates from river water, fish and clinical sources, recovered during a 1-year period, were used to investigate the disease spectrum and impact of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. They were all identified by biochemical tests and 25% of them were also identified by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 21 antimicrobials were determined for all isolates by broth microdilution/E-strips methods, and susceptibility was assessed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Strains pathogenicity was determined by using Swiss Webster mice as the animal model. Aeromonas diseases had an incidence of around 20 cases/million inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Valencia (Spain). Acute gastroenteritis in children with no history of travel abroad was the main pathology. These cases were related to A. caviae, A. veronii biovar sobria, A. hydrophila and A. dhakensis. A significant incidence of A. caviae in humans was found, while the other species were equally present in clinical and environmental origins. A. jandaei, A. bestiarum and A. media had mainly an environmental distribution. The prevalence of MDR Aeromonas was maximal in clinical samples, and resistance phenotypes were significantly related to this source. 7.2% of environmental Aeromonas was resistant to at least five drugs; most of them were moderately virulent for mice and, in addition, belonged to clinically significant species. The present study demonstrates a diseases spectrum similar to that reported in tropical countries, and also that pathogenic and heavily MDR Aeromonas are present in environmental reservoirs. MDR Aeromonas from any source analysed were susceptible to aztreonam, netilmicin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime and fluoroquinolones.","2015-01","137-145",1,34]
["V7YUYQEY","journalArticle",2009,"Mian, G F; Godoy, D T; Leal, C A G; Yuhara, T Y; Costa, G M; Figueiredo, H C P","Aspects of the natural history and virulence of S. agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia.","Veterinary microbiology",null,null,"10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.10.016",null,"Streptococcus agalactiae is an emerging pathogen in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) worldwide. To investigate aspects of the epidemiology, transmission and virulence of S. agalactiae infections, nine outbreaks of meningoencephalitis and septicemia in Nile tilapia farms in Brazil were analyzed. Records from the outbreaks revealed large variation in the weight of fish affected, high mortality, and disease occurrence at water temperatures above 26 degrees C. S. agalactiae was isolated from diseased fish from all farms, and 29 strains were identified by phenotypic tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Five strains from different geographic origins were selected to determine the 50% lethal dose (LD(50)). All strains were highly virulent; for example, strain SA 20-06 had an LD(50) of 90 bacteria. To investigate S. agalactiae transmission, we conducted cohabitation assays with diseased and healthy fish and fish challenges using an immersion bath or gill inoculation. Strain SA 20-06 was used in all assays. The disease was reproduced with characteristic clinical signs and S. agalactiae was reisolated in all trials. The infection route studies were identified as by direct contact or through the water. In conclusion, S. agalactiae, a major pathogen of Nile tilapia in Brazil, exhibited high virulence, regardless of the geographic origin of the isolated strains.","2009-04","180-183","2021-01-02",136]
["HXALLRTV","journalArticle",2013,"Collin, Betty; Rehnstam-Holm, Ann-Sofi; Ehn Borjesson, Stina-Mina; Mussagy, Aidate; Hernroth, Bodil","Characteristics of potentially pathogenic vibrios from subtropical Mozambique compared with isolates from tropical India and boreal Sweden.","FEMS microbiology ecology",null,null,"10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01471.x",null,"Reported outbreaks of Vibrio parahaemolyticus have increased worldwide, particularly in regions of high seafood consumption. In Mozambique, seafood constitutes an important food resource and diarrheal diseases are common among its inhabitants. Edible clams were collected in Maputo Bay during both the dry and rainy seasons, with the results showing the number of viable counts of vibrios in clams to peak during the latter. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the predominant species identified among the isolated strains. Although only one of 109 total strains carried the tdh virulence gene, 69% of isolates showed evidence of hemolytic capacity when subjected to a functional test. Similar virulence patterns and biochemical properties were found in strains isolated from Indian and Swedish marine waters. Antibiotic resistance was, however, more pronounced in strains isolated from these latter two environments.","2013-02","255-264",2,83]
["DP5DB89F","journalArticle",2019,"Wu, J; Su, Y; Deng, Y; Guo, Z; Mao, C; Liu, G; Xu, L; Cheng, C; Bei, L; Feng, J","Prevalence and distribution of antibiotic resistance in marine fish farming areas in Hainan, China","Science of the Total Environment",null,null,"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.251","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056152396&doi=10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2018.10.251&partnerID=40&md5=c76d19e4e4486a35e462a68ece84deb1","Antibiotic resistance represents a global health crisis for humans, animals, and for the environment. Transmission of antibiotic resistance through environmental pathways is a cause of concern. In this study, quantitative PCR and culture-dependent bacteriological methods were used to detect the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the quantity of culturable heterotrophic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in marine fish farming areas. The results indicated that sul and tet family genes were widely distributed in marine fish farming areas of Hainan during both rearing and harvesting periods. Specifically, sul1 and tetB were the most dominant ARGs. The total abundance of ARGs increased significantly from the rearing to the harvesting period. A total of 715 ARB strains were classified into 24 genera, within these genera Vibrio, Acinetobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, and Alteromonas are opportunistic pathogens. High bacterial resistance rate to oxytetracycline (OT) was observed. The numbers of OT- and enrofloxacin-resistant bacteria dropped significantly from rearing the period to the harvesting. The co-occurrence pattern showed that Ruegeria and tetB could be indicators of ARB and ARGs, respectively, which were found in the same module. Redundancy analysis indicated that salinity was positively correlated with the most dominant ARB, and was negatively correlated with the most dominant ARGs. These findings demonstrated the prevalence and persistence of ARGs and ARB in marine fish farming areas in China. © 2018",2019,"605-611",null,653]

{"sheet":"Exclude_Ornamental","index":6,"n_rows":25,"n_cols":15,"rows_kept":25,"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
["Key","Item Type","Publication Year","Author","Title","Publication Title","ISBN","ISSN","DOI","Url","Abstract Note","Date","Pages","Issue","Volume"]
["846GILIV","journalArticle",2014,"De Jagoda, S S S; Wijewardana, T G; Arulkanthan, A; Igarashi, Y; Tan, E; Kinoshita, S; Watabe, S; Asakawa, S; Jagoda, S S S de S; Wijewardana, T G; Arulkanthan, A; Igarashi, Y; Tan, E; Kinoshita, S; Watabe, S; Asakawa, S","Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of motile aeromonads isolated from freshwater ornamental fish showing signs of septicaemia","Diseases of Aquatic Organisms",null,null,"10.3354/dao02733","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901024096&doi=10.3354%2Fdao02733&partnerID=40&md5=76a790d7045ab0e798d92f6fe4ba3b30","A total of 74 phenotypically identified presumptive motile Aeromonas isolates recovered from septicaemic freshwater ornamental fish in Sri Lanka were genetically characterized by sequencing of rpoD and gyrB genes. rpoD/gyrB phylogeny confirmed only 53 isolates as Aero - monas, among which A. veronii was the predominant species (79.2%), followed by A. hydrophila (7.5%), A. caviae (5.7%), A. jandaei (1.9%), A. dhakensis (3.8%) and A. entero pelogenes (1.9%). The aero monads confirmed by sequencing were further subjected to 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP which substantiated sequencing results for 83% of isolates. Fingerprinting of A. enteropelogenes (n = 42) using ERIC-PCR revealed no dominant clones, and the majority were genetically distinct. All isolates were screened by PCR for 7 virulence determinant genes (aer, act, ast, alt, fla, ser, exu) and 2 integrase encoding genes (intI1, intI2). Each isolate contained ≥3 of the virulence genes tested for, with a heterogeneous distribution. Of the isolates, 77% harboured the intI1 gene, while none had intI2. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed highest resistances towards tetracycline (58.5%) and erythromycin (54.7%). Our results indicate the diverse range of aeromonads that could potentially be associated with motile aeromonad septicaemia in ornamental fish. This is the first isolation of A. dhakensis from a septicaemic ornamental fish since its original description from the same host. © The authors 2014.","2014-05","127-137",2,109]
["WUMJ6KB3","journalArticle",2019,"Roh, Heyong Jin; Kim, Bo-Seong; Kim, Ahran; Kim, Nam Eun; Lee, Yoonhang; Chun, Won-Kyong; Ho, Tho Diem; Kim, Do-Hyung","Whole-genome analysis of multi-drug-resistant Aeromonas veronii isolated from diseased discus (Symphysodon discus) imported to Korea.","Journal of fish diseases",null,null,"10.1111/jfd.12908",null,null,"2019-01","147-153",1,42]
["RSUG5W5U","journalArticle",2019,"Hossain, S; Dahanayake, P S; De Silva, B C J; Wickramanayake, M V K S; Wimalasena, S H M P; Heo, G-J","Multidrug resistant Aeromonas spp. isolated from zebrafish (Danio rerio): antibiogram, antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes.","Letters in applied microbiology",null,null,"10.1111/lam.13138",null,"Aeromonas spp. are Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria which have been commonly  associated with fish diseases. In this study, antibiogram, antimicrobial resistance genes and integrons of 43 zebrafish-borne Aeromonas spp. were studied. The isolates were identified as six Aeromonas species (A. veronii biovar veronii (n = 26), A. veronii biovar sobria (n = 3), A. hydrophila (n = 8), A. caviae (n = 3), A. enteropelogenes (n = 2) and A. dhakensis (n = 1)). Antibiogram of the isolates indicated that most of them were resistant to amoxicillin (100.00%), nalidixic acid (100.00%), oxytetracycline (100.00%), ampicillin (93.02%), tetracycline (74.42%), rifampicin (67.44%) and imipenem (65.15%). Multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) index values ranged from 0.19-0.44 to 90.70% isolates showed multidrug resistance. PCR of antimicrobial resistance genes revealed that the tetracycline resistance gene (tetA) was the most predominant (67.44%) among the isolates. The qnrS (53.49%), tetB (30.23%), tetE (30.23%), qnrB (23.26%) and aac(6')-Ib-cr (4.65%) genes were also detected. Class 1 integrase (IntI1) gene was found in 46.51% of the isolates. Two types of class 1 integron gene cassette profiles (qacG-aadA6-qacG and drfA1) were identified. The results showed that zebrafish-borne aeromonads can harbour different types of antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integrons. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Aeromonas spp. are important pathogens found in diverse environments. Antimicrobial resistance genes and integrons of ornamental fish-borne Aeromonas spp. are not well studied. The antibiogram, antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integrons of Aeromonas spp. isolated from zebrafish were characterized for the first time in Korea. The prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes were observed among the isolates. The qacG-aadA6-qacG gene cassette was identified for the first time in Aeromonas spp. The results suggest that the wise use of antimicrobials is necessary for the better management of the ornamental fish.","2019-05","370-377",5,68]
["IGUY6SPW","journalArticle",2019,"Hossain, S; De Silva, B C J; Wickramanayake, M V K S; Dahanayake, P S; Wimalasena, S H M P; Heo, G-J","Incidence of antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes in multidrug-resistant motile Aeromonas sp. isolated from ornamental guppy (Poecilia reticulata).","Letters in applied microbiology",null,null,"10.1111/lam.13162",null,"Aeromonas sp. are opportunistic pathogenic bacteria which are associated with various diseases in ornamental fish, aquaculture raised species and wild fisheries. In our study, antimicrobial resistance patterns, antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes of 52 guppy-borne Aeromonas sp. were examined. The isolates were identified as A. veronii (n = 34), A. dhakensis (n = 10), A. hydrophila (n = 3), A. caviae (n = 3) and A. enteropelogenes (n = 2) by gyrB gene sequencing. Every isolate was resistant to at least four antimicrobials in disc diffusion test. The resistance to amoxicillin, nalidixic acid and oxytetracycline was 100% among the tested isolates. 92.30, 76.92, 71.15, 51.92, 51.92 and 50.00% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, rifampicin, imipenem, cephalothin, tetracycline and trimethoprim respectively. The multiple antibiotic resistance index values ranged from 0.28 to 0.67. PCR amplification of antimicrobial resistance genes implied the occurrence of tetracycline resistance (tetA (65.39%), tetE (25.00%) and tetB (15.38%)), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (qnrS (26.92%) and qnrB (17.31%)) and aminoglycoside resistance (aphaAI-IAB (7.69%) and aac (6')-Ib (3.84%)) genes in the isolates. The IntI gene was positive for 36.54% of the isolates and four class 1 integron gene cassette profiles (aadA2, qacE2-orfD, aadA2-catB2 and dfrA12-aadA2) were identified. These data suggest that ornamental guppy can be a reservoir of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas sp. which comprise different antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integrons. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Antimicrobial resistance genes and integron gene cassettes of ornamental fish-borne aeromonads are poorly studied. The antimicrobial resistance patterns, antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes of Aeromonas sp. isolated from ornamental guppy were characterized for the first time in Korea. The incidence of different antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes were observed in multidrug-resistant Aeromonas isolates. This result suggests that better management practices are necessary to prevent and address the serious consequences of indiscriminate and inappropriate antimicrobial use, and the distribution of multidrug-resistant bacteria.","2019-04"]
["9WLT36P6","journalArticle",2019,"Nikapitiya, Chamilani; Dananjaya, S H S; Chandrarathna, H P S U; Senevirathne, Amal; De Zoysa, Mahanama; Lee, Jehee","Isolation and Characterization of Multidrug Resistance Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and Its Infecting Novel Phage ASP-1 from Goldfish (Carassius auratus).","Indian journal of microbiology",null,null,"10.1007/s12088-019-00782-5",null,"In this study, Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was isolated, identified  by 16S RNA sequencing and its potential lytic phage (ASP-1) was isolated and characterized. The bacterium was positive for virulence genes (ascV, fla, ahyB, gcaT, lip, alt and act) and phenotypic parameters (haemolysis, slime production, lipase activity, DNase test, gelatinase activity and protease activity) were tested. The bacterium was resistant to 27%, intermediate resistant to 14% and susceptible to 59% of tested common antibiotics. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that lytic ASP-1 belongs to the Myoviridae family. The isolated phage was more specific against A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (efficiency of plating index = 1), but also had infectivity to A. hydrophila lab strain 1. The bacteriolytic effect of ASP-1 was tested at early exponential phase culture of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, and bacteria growth was apparently decreased with time and MOI dependent manner. One-step growth of ASP-1 showed approximately 30 min of latent period, 16 PFU/infected cells of burst size and 40 min of rise period. The adsorption rate was determined as 3.61 x 10(8) PFU mL(-1) min(-1) for 3 min, and rate decreased with time. The ASP-1 genome size was estimated to be approximately 55-60 kD. The phage was stable over wide-range of temperatures, pH and salinity, thus could withstand at severe environmental conditions, indicating that ASP-1 has a potential to develop as an alternative antibiotic to use in ornamental and aquaculture industry.","2019-06","161-170",2,59]
["E4MZ36AR","journalArticle",2018,"Chandrarathna, H P S U; Nikapitiya, Chamilani; Dananjaya, S H S; Wijerathne, C U B; Wimalasena, S H M P; Kwun, Hyo Jung; Heo, Gang-Joon; Lee, Jehee; De Zoysa, Mahanama","Outcome of co-infection with opportunistic and multidrug resistant Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii in zebrafish: Identification, characterization, pathogenicity and immune responses.","Fish & shellfish immunology",null,null,"10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.049",null,"Fish can be potentially co-infected by two or more bacterial strains, which can make synergistic influence on the virulence of infection. In this study, two opportunistic and multidrug resistant Aeromonas strains were isolated from wounds of morbid zebrafish with typical deep skin lesions similar to Motile Aeromonas Septicemia. Isolates were genetically identified as A. hydrophila and A. veronii by 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Both isolates were positive for virulent genes (aerA, lip, ser, exu gcaT) and selected phenotypic tests (DNase, protease, gelatinase, lipase, biofilm production and beta-haemolysis). A. hydrophila and A. veronii had strong antibiotic resistance against ampicillin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, erythromycin, clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Histopathological studies revealed that co-infection causes severe necrosis and hypertrophy in the muscles, kidney and liver of zebrafish. Naturally co-infected zebrafish showed highly induced tnf-alpha, il-1beta, il-6, il-12, ifn, ifn-gamma, cxcl18b and ccl34a.4 at transcription level compared to healthy fish, suggesting virulence factors may activate immune and inflammatory responses of zebrafish. Experimentally infected zebrafish showed significantly higher mortality under co-infection with A. hydrohila and A. veronii (87%), followed by individual challenge of A. hydrophila (72%) or A. veronii (67%) suggesting that virulence of A. hydrophila have greater pathogenicity than A. veronii during co-infection.","2018-09","573-581",null,80]
["EQDPZRMG","journalArticle",2018,"Hossain, Sabrina; De Silva, Benthotage Chamara Jayasankha; Wimalasena, Sudu Hakuruge Madusha Pramud; Pathirana, Hansani Nilupama Kumari Senarath; Dahanayake, Pasan Sepala; Heo, Gang-Joon","Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Class 1 Integron Gene Cassette Arrays in Motile Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Goldfish (Carassius auratus).","Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.)",null,null,"10.1089/mdr.2017.0388",null,"Aeromonas spp. are opportunistic pathogens related to multiple infectious diseases in ornamental fishes. In the present study, the antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance genes, and integrons of 65 goldfish-borne Aeromonas spp. were evaluated. The isolates were identified as A. hydrophila (n = 30), A. veronii (n = 32), and A. punctata (n = 3) by gyrB sequencing. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates designated that most of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (100.00%), nalidixic acid (100.00%), ampicillin (98.46%), tetracycline (92.31%), rifampicin (86.15%), and cephalothin (61.54%) and each of the isolates showed multiple antimicrobial resistance phenotype (resistant to >/=3 classes of antimicrobials). PCR amplification of antimicrobial resistance genes revealed that the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene, qnrS, was the most prevalent (73.85%) among the isolates. The other antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in the following proportions: qnrB (26.15%), aac(6')-Ib-cr (4.60%), tetA (16.92%), tetE (21.54%), aac(6')-Ib (29.23%), and aphAI-IAB (7.69%). The IntI gene was found in 64.62% isolates, and four class 1 integron gene cassette profiles (incomplete dfrA1, catB3-aadA1, dfrA1-orfC, and qacE2-orfD) were identified. These data suggest that goldfish-borne Aeromonas spp. serve as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integrons.","2018-10","1217-1225",8,24]
["W7FV664K","journalArticle",2019,"Fu, Songzhe; Ni, Ping; Wang, Yi; Jin, Shibo; Jiang, Zhiqiang; Ye, Shigen; Li, Ruijun","Delineating the origins of the multidrug-resistant pathogens in ornamental fish farms by multilocus sequence typing and identification of a novel multidrug-resistant plasmid.","Canadian journal of microbiology",null,null,"10.1139/cjm-2019-0097",null,"To evaluate the overuse of antibiotics and to identify the origin of pathogens in the ornamental fish industry, we conducted a field investigation of three representative fish farms in Liaoning province, China. Drug-resistant pathogens in the fishponds and groundwater were isolated and subtyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). In total, 33 pathogenic strains, including Aeromonas veronii and five other pathogens, were isolated from diseased fish and from groundwater. MLST revealed that A. veronii obtained from diseased fish in three fish farms can be subtyped into four sequence types, which were also identified in the corresponding groundwater. All of the isolates obtained from diseased fish showed resistance to at least four antibiotics. Notably, Citrobacter freundii JY-17 exhibited resistance to the majority of the antibiotics and was a carrier of a megaplasmid with 15 drug resistance genes. PCR assays targeting beta-lactam, kanamycin, macrolide, phenicol, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim resistance genes in the pathogens from the diseased fish and groundwater were also conducted. The results revealed strong correlations between antibiotic treatment and increased antimicrobial resistance in fish pathogens. The results suggested that groundwater is the origin of the pathogens in ornamental fish. Antibiotic treatment of ornamental fish promoted the emergence of resistant pathogens.","2019-04","2021-01-12"]
["QVP89IH8","journalArticle",2018,"Hossain, S; De Silva, B C J; Dahanayake, P S; Heo, G-J","Characterization of virulence properties and multi-drug resistance profiles in motile Aeromonas spp. isolated from zebrafish (Danio rerio).","Letters in applied microbiology",null,null,"10.1111/lam.13075",null,"Aeromonas spp. are opportunistic pathogenic bacteria associated with a multitude  of diseases in ornamental fish. In this study, virulence properties and antibiotic resistance patterns of 43 Aeromonas strains isolated from 46 zebrafish were investigated. The isolates were identified as Aeromonas veronii biovar veronii (n = 26), A. veronii biovar sobria (n = 3), Aeromonas hydrophila (n = 8), A. caviae (n = 3), Aeromonas enteropelogenes (n = 2) and Aeromonas dhakensis (n = 1) by gyrB gene sequencing. The sequence divergence within and between the species ranged from 0-5.80% and 4.90-8.00%. Each species formed a distinct group in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree. The lipase production, biofilm formation, DNase activity, gelatinase production, caseinase production and beta-hemolysis were phenotypically observed in 34 (79.07%), 33 (74.74%), 30 (69.77%), 25 (58.14%), 22 (51.18%) and 21 (48.84%) isolates. The virulence genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in following frequencies- aer (86.05%), hlyA (83.72%), gcaT (83.72%), lip (72.09%), act (67.44%), fla (65.12%), ascV (58.14%), ast (55.81%), ser (41.86%), ahyB (39.53%) and alt (25.58%). Every isolate was resistant to at least four antibiotics in disk diffusion test. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values ranged from 0.22-0.50 among the isolates. Our study suggests that zebrafish can be a potential reservoir of virulent and multi-drug resistant Aeromonas spp. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Aeromonas spp. are Gram-negative and facultative anaerobic bacteria which are ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Virulence properties and antibiotic resistance of ornamental fish-borne Aeromonas spp. are poorly understood. The virulence factors as well as multiple antibiotic resistance profiles of zebrafish-borne Aeromonas spp. were characterized for the first time in Korea. Most of the isolates were positive for phenotypic virulence traits and harboured several virulence genes revealing the virulence potential of zebrafish-borne Aeromonas spp. Additionally, the high multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values displayed by the isolates highlight the necessity of responsible use of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry.","2018-12","598-605",6,67]
["WIKIENEJ","journalArticle",2011,"Liu, Pan-Chen; Cheng, Ching-Fu; Chang, Chen-Hsuan; Lin, Shiun-Long; Wang, Way-Shyan; Hung, Shao-Wen; Chen, Ming-Hui; Lin, Cheng-Chung; Tu, Ching-Yu; Lin, Yu-Hsing","Highly virulent Photobacterium damselae subsp piscicida isolated from Taiwan paradise fish, Macropodus opercularis (L.), in Taiwan","African Journal of Microbiology Research",{"$nulls":4},"In Taiwan, a fish conservation farm had about 6,250 Taiwan paradise fishes, Macropodus opercularis (L.), which were separately cultivated in an outdoor tank containing 3,250 fishes, and an indoor tank containing the rest. The water supplying both tanks was the same running water source from the adjacent hills. Following a change in the fish feed (the commercial aquaculture feed became eel's feed) to all fishes in May 2010, rotten body surfaces were only found in diseased and dead fishes in the outdoor tank. Interestingly, no sick fishes were found in the indoor tank. The clinical findings of the diseased fishes were bleeding at basal fins, peripheral site of genital pore, and bilateral surface of the abdomen. Additionally, we discovered whitish-mucus gills, edema of the intestines, and multi-focal white tubercles in infected fishes during gross examination. The results of the histopathology study showed that there were numerous multi-focal granulomas in the spleen, posterior kidney, and liver. Furthermore, Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida was isolated from lesions of the ailing fishes. We conducted an experimental animal virulence test, and our data revealed that P. damselae subsp. piscicida was a highly virulent pathogen. Fortunately, P. damselae subsp. piscicida appeared to be susceptible to most commonly used antimicrobial agents, according to the results of the antibiotic sensitivity study. We recommended a treatment with oxolinic acid (20 mg/kg/day) in the feed for 7 days for all Taiwan paradise fishes. The fishes' condition significantly improved and the disease appeared to be controlled.",2011,"2107-2113",15,5]
["QGB6IGTQ","journalArticle",2013,"Rose, S; Hill, R; Bermudez, L E; Miller-Morgan, T","Imported ornamental fish are colonized with antibiotic-resistant bacteria","Journal of Fish Diseases",null,null,"10.1111/jfd.12044",null,"There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty-four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future.",2013,"533-542",6,36]
["ZJLB3B9H","journalArticle",2013,"Urku, Cigdem; Yardimci, Remziye Eda","Capillaria sp Infestation and Bacterial Septicemia in the Angel Fish (Pterophyllum scalare) TT  - MELEK BALIKLARINDA (Pterophyllum scalare) Capillaria sp. ENFESTASYONU VE BAKTERIYEL SEPTISEMI.","Journal of FisheriesSciences.com",{"$nulls":4},"This study was carried out to determine the reason of mortalities in angel fishes (Pterophyllum scalare) kept in an aquarium fish rearing farm in Istanbul province. In diseased angel fish, which are suffering from loss of appetite followed by mortalities, no external symptoms were observed while clinical signs such as pale liver and kidney, darkened spleen were determined internally. Bacteriological inoculation from internal organs such as liver, spleen and kidney of five angel fish obtained from aquarium fish rearing farms were made onto Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) and after incubation, two isolated bacteria were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila and Citrobacter freundii according to their pshological, morphological and biochemical features. Also these two opportunistic pathogenic bacteria were determined to be sensitive to sulphamethoxazole and kanamycine according to NCCLS criteria by using disc diffusion method and in the parasitic examination, eggs and adult forms (male and female) of Capillaria sp. were found in the intestinal canal of diseased angel fish.",2013,"232-240",3,7]
["KMXHXPE7","journalArticle",2013,"Xu, Xiao-li; Li, He-mi; Shao, Peng; Cui, Kuan-kuan; Cai, Yan; Zhang, Qin","Identification and Phylogenetic Analyses of Pathogen Nocardia sp Islated from Giant Gourami (Osphronemus gorami)","Fisheries Science (Liaoning)",{"$nulls":4},"A strain of Bacterium (designed as 1214) was isolated and identified from the visceral of diseased tropical ornamental fish giant gourami (Osphronemus gorami) reared in Tianjin. The strain 1214 was found to be Gram-positive, branching, bead-like or long, slender, and filamentous rods in shapes. The infection experiments indicated that the isolated bacterium was pathogen responsible for the mortality. The traditional physiological and biochemical methods showed that most of the phenotypes of strain 1214 were similar to Nocardia, and phylogeny analysis with 16S rDNA showed that the strain 1214 was branched into the same cluster as that of other species of Nocardia, and had a higher identity with N. seriolae JCM 3360T (99. 9%). Based on the symptom of diseased fish and the growth characteristics, morphological, physiological, biochemical properties and phylogenetic analysis, the filamentous rod bacterium was identified as N. seriolea. Antimicrobial susceptibility assay revealed that this strain was susceptible to florfenicol, streptomycin, erythromycin, doxycycline and azithromycin, but high resistant to sulphamethoxazole and penicillin.",2013,"657-661",11,32]
["YFH5EA3P","journalArticle",2017,"Wimalasena, S H M P; De Silva, B C J; Hossain, Sabrina; Pathirana, H N K S; Heo, Gang-Joon","Prevalence and characterisation of quinolone resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from pet turtles in South Korea","JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE",null,null,"10.1016/j.jgar.2017.06.001",null,"Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterise Aeromonas spp. isolated from popular species of pet turtle to assess the potential risk of pet turtles as a source of target gene alterations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) and transferable plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. Methods: Twenty-five isolates comprising four species, namely Aeromonas enteropelogenes, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas veronii, were obtained from healthy pet turtles. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin was examined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. QRDR substitutions and PMQR genes were detected using conventional PCR assays and sequencing. Results: Although more than one-half of the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid (14/25; 56%), most were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. In QRDR substitution analysis, gyrA Ser-83 ! Ile substitution was predominant among A. enteropelogenes isolates, whilst two isolates of A. caviae displayed a novel Asp-95 ! Pro substitution. With regard to parC, Ser-80 -> Ile substitution was noted in all species except A. veronii. Furthermore, qnrS, qnrB and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes were detected in 68% (17/25), 8% (2/25) and 8% (2/25) of the isolates, respectively; 86% (12/14) of A. enteropelogenes isolates harboured a qnrS gene. Unexpectedly, quinolone resistance determinants were also detected in some isolates that were phenotypically susceptible to the tested quinolones. Conclusions: The current study reveals the mismatch phenomenon between quinolone resistance phenotype and genotype of turtle-borne aeromonads and suggests that susceptible isolates might be a potential risk source for storage and transmission of resistance genes. (C) 2017 International Society for Chemotherapy of Infection and Cancer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","2017-12","34-38",null,11]
["H5WZW493","journalArticle",2018,"Dharmaratnam, Arathi; Swaminathan, T Raja; Kumar, Raj; Basheer, V S","Aeromonas hydrophila associated with mass mortality of adult goldfish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) in ornamental farms in India","INDIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES",null,null,"10.21077/ijf.2018.65.4.72719-14",null,"Aeromonas hydrophila was identified the causative agent of a disease outbreak in goldfish, Carassius auratus from four ornamental fish farms in Kerala, India. Seven bacterial isolates viz., Plesiomonas shigelloides (NPPS-1), Aemmonas hydrophila (NPAH-1, 2, 3 and 4), Citrobacter freundii (NPCF-1) and Acinetobacter spp. (NPA-1) were isolated from the affected fish. Further, all four.4. hydrophila (NPAH-1, 2, 3 and 4) isolates were identified by amplification of gyrB and rpoD genes. The RAPD profile using 3 primers confirmed that all four A. hydrophila were genetically similar. No cytopathic effect was observed on goldfish fin (GFF) cell line after inoculation of the tissue homogenate from the affected fish and affected tissues were found negative for koi herpesvirus (KHV), cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2) and spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV). Experimental challenge resulted in mortality of fish injected with A. hydrophila only. A. hydrophila was observed to be cytotoxic on GFF cell line and exhibited haemolytic activity on 5% sheep blood agar. A. hydrophila possessed multiple virulence genes viz., enterotoxins, haemolytic toxins and outer membrane protein as determined by PCR. A. hydrophila was sensitive to Cefixime, Chloramphenicol, Nitrofurantoin, Kanamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Furazolidone and Cefixime/Clavulanic acid. After treatment with the suggested antibiotics, the fish were recovered from the disease.",2018,"116-126",4,65]
["UX2K3NUJ","journalArticle",2016,"Lu, A J; Hu, X C; Li, L; Sun, J F; Song, Y J; Pei, C; Zhang, C; Kong, X H","Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic Aeromonas media isolated from diseased Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi)","IRANIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES SCIENCES",{"$nulls":4},"Aeromonas infections are the most common bacterial disease of cultured fish in China. In this study, a gram-negative bacillus was isolated from the liver of diseased koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi), and named strain KC-2. The results of morphological and biochemical tests, as well as phylogenetic analysis derived from 16S rRNA and gyrB sequences indicated that the isolated strain KC-2 was highly identical to the known Aeromonas media ATCC 33907. Experimental infection assays were conducted, and pathogenicity was demonstrated in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the strain KC-2 was sensitive to cefalotin, cefixime, cefotaxime, gentamicin, netilmicin, azithromycin and chloramphenicol. This is the first report on the isolation and identification of A. media from diseased, cultured koi fish. The results of the study will provide a scientific reference for prevention of bacterial disease of koi carp and identification of A. media in fish.","2016-04","760-774",2,15]
["8SLT3AGP","journalArticle",2011,"Jun, Jin Woo; Kim, Ji Hyung; Choresca  Jr., Casiano H; Shin, Sang Phil; Han, Jee Eun; Jeong, Dal Sang; Park, Se Chang","Isolation and molecular detection of Plesiomonas shigelloides containing tetA gene from Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus) in a Korean aquarium","African Journal of Microbiology Research",null,null,"10.5897/ajmr11.678",null,"An Asian arowana (dragonfish; Scleropages formosus) that had been reared for public exhibition in a private commercial aquarium in Seoul Korea was recently found dead. A bacterial pathogen was cultured from the fish's kidney, identified, and confirmed as Plesiomonas shigelloides, using a Vitek System (R) 2, PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The isolated strain proved resistant to commercial antibiotics and the presence of the tetracycline resistance gene (tetA) was detected via genetic analysis. In this paper, we have described the isolation and identification of P. shigelloides from an Asian arowana reared in a private aquarium in Korea.",2011,"5019-5021",28,5]
["EFIL47FY","journalArticle",2012,"John, Nifty; Hatha, A A M","Prevalence, distribution and drug resistance of motile aeromonads in freshwater ornamental fishes","Indian Journal of Fisheries",{"$nulls":4},"The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of various motile aeromonads in freshwater ornamental fishes and to elucidate the antibiogram and beta hemolytic activity among the isolates. A total of 120 ornamental fish samples were screened and analyzed for Aeromonas spp. Motile aeromonads were isolated from 37.5% of the ornamental fish samples. Various species of motile aeromonads such as Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas jandaei, Aeromonas schubertii, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas trota and Aeromonas veronii were detected. All the isolates were sensitive to ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Multiple antibiotic resistance was observed in 58% of the isolates.",2012,"161-164",2,59]
["GF4UAG28","journalArticle",2009,"Jongjareanjai, Malinee; Assawawongkasem, Nongnut; Chansue, Nantarika","In vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated From Disease Ornamental Fish","Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine",{"$nulls":4},"Thirty bacterial isolates were derived from ornamental fish patients (n=30) of the Veterinary Medical Aquatic Animal Research Center (VMARC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University. The isolated bacterial strains were identified by using commercial biochemical identification kit (API Kits, bioMerieux (R) SA France). The antibiotics susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method, using 24 types of antibiotic discs (OXOID, Oxoid Ltd, UK). The result showed that the majority of the isolated bacteria was Aeromonas hydrophila (27/30). In the A. hydrophila susceptibility study, 66.30% of bacteria were antibiotic resistant, 9.35% were intermediately sensitive and 24.35% were sensitive strains against the tested antibiotics. Chloramphenicol showed the highest efficacy against the bacterial strains tested. Other effective antibiotics included sulphamethoxazole-trimetroprim and amikacin. 100% of the isolated bacteria showed resistance to metronidazole, 92.31 were resistant to penicillin and amoxicillin. It is noticeable that there were large numbers of antibiotic resistance fish pathogenic bacteria in ornamental fish, which indicated that the risk of ineffective antibiotic treatment without laboratory susceptibility test in sick fish would be at least 75.65% in doubt.",2009,"225-229",3,39]
["Y7IARPJA","journalArticle",2012,"Sreedharan, Krishnan; Philip, Rosamma; Singh, Isaac Sarojani Bright","VIRULENCE POTENTIAL AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF MOTILE AEROMONADS ASSOCIATED WITH FRESHWATER ORNAMENTAL FISH CULTURE SYSTEMS: A POSSIBLE THREAT TO PUBLIC HEALTH","Brazilian Journal of Microbiology",null,null,"10.1590/s1517-83822012000200040",null,"Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous aquatic organisms, associated with multitude of diseases in several species of animals, including fishes and humans. In the present study, water samples from two ornamental fish culture systems were analyzed for the presence of Aeromonas. Nutrient agar was used for Aeromonas isolation, and colonies (60 No) were identified through biochemical characterization. Seven clusters could be generated based on phenotypic characters, analyzed by the programme NTSYSpc, Version 2.02i, and identified as: Aeromonas caviae (33.3%), A. jandaei (38.3%) and A. veronii biovar sobria (28.3%). The strains isolated produced highly active hydrolytic enzymes, haemolytic activity and slime formation in varying proportions. The isolates were also tested for the enterotoxin genes (act, alt and ast), haemolytic toxins (hlyA and aerA), involved in type 3 secretion system (TTSS: ascV, aexT, aopP, aopO, ascF-ascG, and aopH), and glycerophospholipid-cholesterol acyltransferase (gcat). All isolates were found to be associated with at least one virulent gene. Moreover, they were resistant to frequently used antibiotics for human infections. The study demonstrates the pathogenic potential of Aeromonas, associated with ornamental fish culture systems suggesting the emerging threat to public health.",2012,"754-765",2,43]
["A2DW4AXK","journalArticle",2016,"Sahoo, P K; Swaminathan, T Raja; Abraham, Thangapalam Jawahar; Kumar, Raj; Pattanayak, S; Mohapatra, A; Rath, S S; Patra, Avijit; Adikesavalu, Harresh; Sood, Neeraj; Pradhan, P K; Das, B K; Jayasankar, P; Jena, J K","Detection of goldfish haematopoietic necrosis herpes virus (Cyprinid herpesvirus-2) with multi-drug resistant Aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish: First evidence of any viral disease outbreak in ornamental freshwater aquaculture farms in India.","Acta tropica",null,null,"10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.05.004",null,"This outbreak report details of a mortality event where Cyprinid herpes virus-2 (CyHV-2) was detected in association with multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish, Carassius auratus, from commercial farms. The goldfish exhibited large scale haemorrhages on the body, fins and gills, lepidorthosis, necrosed gills, protruded anus and shrunken eyes. White nodular necrotic foci in spleen and kidneys were noticed, along with necrosis and fusion of gill lamellae. Transmission electron microscopy of affected tissues revealed the presence of mature virus particles. Involvement of CyHV-2 was confirmed by PCR, sequencing and observed cytopathic effect in koi carp fin cell line along with experimental infection study. A bacterium isolated from the internal organs of affected fish was found to be pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila having resistance to more than 10 classes of antibiotics. We postulate that CyHV-2 was the primary etiological agent responsible for this outbreak with secondary infection by A. hydrophila. The experimental infection trials in Labeo rohita and koi carp by intraperitoneal challenge with CyHV-2 tissue homogenates failed to reproduce the disease in those co-cultured fish species. This is the first report of a viral disease outbreak in organised earthen ornamental fish farms in India and bears further investigation.","2016-09","2021-08-17",null,161]
["PBD5GH9D","journalArticle",2017,"De S Jagoda, S S S; Honein, Karim; Arulkanthan, Appudurai; Ushio, Hideki; Asakawa, Shuichi","Genome sequencing and annotation of Aeromonas veronii strain Ae52, a multidrug-resistant isolate from septicaemic gold fish (Carassius auratus) in Sri Lanka.","Genomics data",null,null,"10.1016/j.gdata.2016.11.011",null,"Here we report the draft genome sequence and annotation of A. veronii strain Ae52 isolated from the kidney of a morbund, septicaemic gold fish (Carassius auratus) in Sri Lanka. This clinical isolate showed resistance to multiple antimicrobials; amoxicillin, neomycin, trimethoprim-sulphonamide, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin and nitrofurantoin. The size of the draft genome is 4.56 Mbp with 58.66% of G + C content consisting 4328 coding sequences. It harbors a repertoire of putative antibiotic resistant determinants that explains the genetic basis of its resistance to various classes of antibiotics. The genome sequence has been deposited in DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession numbers BDGY01000001-BDGY01000080.","2017-03","46-48",null,11]
["T82PJGR4","journalArticle",2017,"Chung, T-H; Yi, S-W; Shin, G-W","Antibiotic resistance and repetitive-element PCR fingerprinting in Aeromonas veronii isolates.","Journal of fish diseases",null,null,"10.1111/jfd.12564",null,"This study evaluated antibiotic resistance and the related genes in total 47 Aeromonas veronii isolates from pet fish, eel (Anguilla japonica) and koi (Cyprinus carpio) in Korea. In comparison with the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates from eel and koi, those of pet fish were more resistant to ceftiofur, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and nitrofurantoin. And isolates from pet fish showed high prevalences of class 1 integron, quinolones and tetracycline resistance determinants than those from eel and koi. Repetitive-element palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) showed larger diversities among A. veronii isolates. Collectively, pet fish may be a reservoir for multiple clones of A. veronii involved in antibiotic resistance. In this aspect, imported fish in the aquaculture trade should be steadily and continually screened for bacterial antibiotic resistance and related genes.","2017-06","821-829",6,40]
["HI63WL84","journalArticle",2011,"Sreedharan, K; Philip, R; Singh, I S Bright","Isolation and characterization of virulent Aeromonas veronii from ascitic fluid of oscar Astronotus ocellatus showing signs of infectious dropsy.","Diseases of aquatic organisms",null,null,"10.3354/dao02304",null,"The cichlid oscar Astronotus ocellatus has worldwide commercial value in the pet  fish industry because of its early maturation, relatively high fecundity, ability to identify its caretaker and also to alter colouration amongst conspecifics. Pathogenic strains of Aeromonas veronii resistant to multiple antibiotics were isolated from A. ocellatus individuals showing signs of infectious abdominal dropsy. The moribund fish showed haemorrhage in all internal organs, and pure cultures could be obtained from the abdominal fluid. The isolates recovered were biochemically identified as A. veronii biovar sobria and genetically confirmed as A. veronii based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (GenBank accession no. FJ573179). The RAPD profile using 3 primers (OPA-3, OPA-4 and OPD-20) generated similar banding patterns for all isolates. They displayed cytotoxic and haemolytic activity and produced several exoenzymes which were responsible for the pathogenic potential of the isolates. In the representative isolate MCCB 137, virulence genes such as enterotoxin act, haemolytic toxin aerA, type 3 secretion genes such as aexT, ascVand ascF-ascG, and gcat (glycerophospholipid-cholesterol acyltransferase) could be amplified. MCCB 137 exhibited a 50% lethal dose (LD50) of 10(5.071) colony-forming units ml(-1) in goldfish and could be subsequently recovered from lesions as well as from the internal organs. This is the first description of a virulent A. veronii from oscar.","2011-03","29-39",1,94]

{"sheet":"Exclude_Out of date range","index":7,"n_rows":14,"n_cols":15,"rows_kept":14,"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
["Key","Item Type","Publication Year","Author","Title","Publication Title","ISBN","ISSN","DOI","Url","Abstract Note","Date","Pages","Issue","Volume"]
["GR8G3ICU","conferencePaper",1999,"Kumlungpaet, Supap; Rodkhum, Channarong; Poonsuk, Kriengsak; Saitanu, Kriengsak","In vitro antimicrobial drugs susceptibility of Vibrio spp. isolated from black tiger shrimps (Penaeus monodon) and their cultural environment by agar dilution technique",{"$nulls":4},"http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=TH2002002937","In vitro 11 antimicrobial drugs susceptibility of 277 Vibrio isolates were tested by agar dilution technique. The organisms were isolated from black tiger shrimps, water collected from shrimp ponds, seawater and cockles. These samples were collected from intensive farming area. Biochemical identification of isolates revealed Vibrio parahaemolyticus (71 isolates), Vibrio harveyi (63 isolates), Vibrio mimicus (34 isolates), Vibrio alginolyticus (30 isolates), Vibrio fluvialis (20 isolates), Vibrio vulnificus (5 isolates), Vibrio anguillarum (5 isolates), Vibrio fisceri (4 isolates), Vibrio cholerae (3 isolates), Vibrio furnissii (1 isolate) and 41 isolates were not able to be classified. Antimicrobial resistance were found in Erythromycin (96 percent of isolates), Trimetroprim+Sulfamethoxazole (73 percent of isolates), Amoxycillin (61 percent of isolates), Tetracycline (58 percent of isolates), Chlortetracycline (47 percent of isolates), Oxytetracycline (44 percent of isolates), Flumequine (34 percent of isolates), Oxolinic acid (33 percent of isolates), Trimetroprim (28 percent of isolates) and Norfloxacin (2 percent of isolates), but were not found in enrofloxacin. It, therefore, implied that among tested antimicrobial drugs, Enrofloxacin was the most effective against the isolated Vibrio spp.",1999,"161-173"]
["9Q4AF3RC","journalArticle",2000,"Chandrakanthi, W H S; Pathiratne, A; Widanapathirana, G S","Characteristics and virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from freshwater fish with Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS)","Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka",{"$nulls":4},"Characteristics and virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates recovered from ulcerated freshwater fish during the outbreaks of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) that occurred in 1990-1992 in Sri Lanka were examined to find out whether the isolates could be categorized to a single virulent phenotypic group. Fifty three isolates of A. hydrophila recovered from ulcerated fish belonging to 12 different species collected from 8 different freshwater habitats during the disease outbreaks were tested for 82 characteristics and the overall similarity of isolates was determined by numerical taxonomic analysis. At the 96% similarity value, the isolates were grouped into seven phenons. Total number of isolates categorized under the phenons I, II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII were 18, 5, 9, 5, 9, 4 and 3 respectively. Virulence screening tests of the isolates showed that 78% isolates classified under phenon I and all the isolates of phenon II were weakly virulent, 78% isolates of phenon III and all the isolates of phenon IV were moderately virulent, whereas 75% isolates of phenon VI and all the isolates of phenons V and VII were highly virulent. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, rifampicin and trimethoprim but sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, oxytetracyclin, streptomycin and tetracycline. Susceptibility to erythromycin and sulphonamide was variable. Phenotypic variations and range of virulence exhibited by A. hydrophila isolates recovered from ulcerated fish collected from different habitats in Sri Lanka during the outbreaks of EUS indicate that a single highly virulent phenotypic group of A. hydrophila is not primarily associated with the disease.",2000,"29-42",1,28]
["MHMN33HN","journalArticle",1985,"Al-Jebouri, M M; Al-Meshhadani, N S","A note on antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in adult man, raw sewage and sewage-polluted River Tigris in Mosul, Nineva","The Journal of applied bacteriology",null,null,"10.1111/j.1365-2672.1985.tb03354.x",null,"A total of 600 isolates of Escherichia coli were isolated, over a 9 month period during 1984, from healthy human adults, raw sewage and the sewage-polluted River Tigris in Nineva. Over 90% of these organisms were E. coli type 1, but only 8.3% could be serogrouped as enteropathogenic E. coli. Resistance of these organisms to 11 antimicrobial drugs was assessed. Over 40% were antibiotic-resistant and of these 77.1% were resistant to more than one antibiotic. The minimal inhibitory concentration of ampicillin for 193 selected strains from the various sources was determined and ranged from less than 0.625-greater than 160 micrograms/ml. The high incidence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in this locality and the possible implications to human health are discussed.",1985,"513-518",6,59]
["PMHWCJJ3","journalArticle",1993,"Hatha, A A M; Gomathinayagam, P; Lakshmanaperumalsamy, P","INCIDENCE OF MULTIPLE ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT ESCHERICHIA-COLI IN THE BHAVANI RIVER","World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology",null,null,"10.1007/bf00386309",null,"Of 107 Escherichia coli strains isolated from the water, sediment and fish of the Bhavani River, all of which are considered potential causes of human enteric disease, 62% were resistant to more than four antibiotics. Levels of resistance to bacitracin, penicillin, and novobiocin were generally high whereas those to polymyxin-B and chloramphenicol were much lower. A high incidence of multiple antibiotic resistant E. coli was noted in all samples and the multiple antibiotic resistance index of the strains showed that 95% of the strains originated either from man or cattle.",1993,"609-610",5,9]
["4FR4I5N2","journalArticle",2002,"Saha, D; Pal, J","In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from EUS-affected fishes in India","Letters in Applied Microbiology",null,null,"10.1046/j.1472-765X.2002.01124.x",null,"Aims: Twelve antibiotics were evaluated for in vitro sensitivity against 16 bacterial strains isolated from surface lesions of fishes affected with epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS). Methods and Results: Disc diffusion assay in Mueller-Hinton agar showed that the pseudomonads and aeromonads were mainly resistant to penicillin, ampicillin and erythromycin. Additionally, some were resistant to gentamycin and amoxycillin. However, resistance towards antibiotics previously recommended for EUS treatment, such as oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol, was not observed. Four aeromonads and two pseudomonads were found to induce ulcers when injected intramuscularly in healthy Anabas testudineus. Conclusions: All six isolates were sensitive towards oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid. Oxytetracycline seems to be an effective antibiotic, and further investigations to determine the mode of treatment and dose appear to be worthwhile.",2002,"311-316",5,34]
["XAP62C9E","journalArticle",1985,"Molitoris, E; Joseph, S W; Krichevsky, M I; Sindhuhardja, W; Colwell, R R","Characterization and distribution of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in Indonesia","Applied and environmental microbiology",{"$nulls":4},"Previous studies have shown that Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus can be isolated from similar types of marine samples. In this report, the results of an examination of 567 V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus strains, isolated from seawater in Jakarta Bay and from more than 30 types of seafood from markets in Jakarta, Indonesia, are presented. Most isolates were from mackerel, shrimp, or squid. Numerical taxonomic analyses clustered 337 isolates and three V. alginolyticus reference strains at S greater than or equal to 80%. These strains produced acid from sucrose, but only approximately 80% produced acetoin or grew in the presence of 10% NaCl. The frequency of occurrence of V. alginolyticus in seawater samples ranged from 0% (in February and March 1972) to 100% (in September and December 1972) and was highest in seafood samples from August to December 1972. A second cluster of 230 isolates and seven V. parahaemolyticus reference strains was observed at S greater than or equal to 82%. These strains did not produce acetoin or acid from sucrose, and approximately 20% grew in the presence of 10% NaCl. V. parahaemolyticus was detected in seawater samples each month, with the highest frequency of occurrence (83.3%) in May 1972. Twenty-nine K antigen serotypes were demonstrated in V. parahaemolyticus isolates, and another 40% were untypable. The modal antibiotic resistance pattern for each species included five drugs. Only 12% of the V. parahaemolyticus strains were Kanagawa positive, and 10% elicited fluid accumulation in ligated rabbit ileal loops. All of the 7 V. alginolyticus strains and 94 (70%) of the V. parahaemolyticus strains tested killed mice when inoculated intraperitoneally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)",1985,"1388-1394",6,50]
["R7E48CR5","journalArticle",1998,"Shome, R; Shome, B R; Ram, N","Isolation, identification and antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial isolates from fresh water fishes","Indian Veterinary Journal",{"$nulls":5},1998,"969-972",11,75]
["579L6CHU","journalArticle",1999,"Kang, Dong-Ryul; Lee, Hun-Ku","Species identification of the genus Aeromonas isolated from freshwater fish culture-ponds and seawater in Korea and their antibiotic resistance patterns","Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology",{"$nulls":4},"Some species of mesophilic bacteria in the genus Aeromonas were isolated from a snakehead (Channa argus) culture-pond in the Myung-Ji area, a freshwater culture-pond in Pukyung National University, and seawater near the sewage treatment plant in Kwang-An Beach in Pusan. They were identified by biological characteristics, and their susceptibility to ten antibiotics including ampicillin, cefoxitin, ceftazidime cephalothin, cefotiam, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, rifampin, cefoperazone-sulbactam, and imipenem, was also studied. Four species in the genus Aeromonas, A. veronii biovar sobria (27 strains), A. caviae (14 strains), A. trota (1 strain), and A. schubertii (1 strain) were identified. A. trota, an unrecorded species in Korea, is reported for the first time in this study. Three strains of A. veronii biovar sobria showed multiple resistance to three kinds of antibiotics and one strain to four drugs. All strains of A. caviae were resistant to more than three drugs and seven strains to four drugs. A. trota was resistant to cephalothin and rifampin, but A. schubertii showed multiple resistance to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, and rifampin.",1999,"393-400",4,34]
["UQQ5VP66","journalArticle",2001,"Thyssen, A; Ollevier, F","In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Photobacterium damselae subsp piscicida to 15 different antimicrobial agents","Aquaculture",null,null,"10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00517-8",null,"The in vitro susceptibilities of 145 Photobacterium dantselae subsp. piscicida strains, isolated from different geographical regions, against 15 major fish farming antimicrobial agents were assessed using a disc diffusion method. Ninety-nine percent of all isolates were sensitive to florfenicol and trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole, 93% of the strains were resistant to erythromycin. Based on the antimicrobial susceptibility, the P. damselae subp. piscicida isolates could be distinguished from each other. While all American and European isolates were sensitive to kanamycin, 49% of the Japanese isolates were resistant to it. Moreover the results clearly indicated increasing resistance to a variety of antibiotics, particular in Japan, but also in some Mediterranean countries. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",2001,"259-269","2021-03-04",200]
["TC8BGXM2","journalArticle",1989,"Koul, K; Panhotra, B R","Isolation, survival & transfer of R-plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium in Dal Lake of Kashmir (India)","The Indian journal of medical research",{"$nulls":4},"Six strains of S. typhimurium were isolated from water samples of Dal Lake, Srinagar (India). These strains could survive and multiply in the Lake water and its filtrate. Viable count of this bacterium increased abruptly on 6th day of incubation with a peak level on 7th and 9th day, followed by sharp decline on 12th-14th day. Viable count was higher at 37 degrees C than at room temperature. At 4 degrees C this bacterium survived for longer time than at 22 degrees C or 37 degrees C. Viable count was higher and survival longer in the filtrate than in Lake water. Drug resistance could be transferred to Escherichia coli recipient strains from S. typhimurium, both in filtrate and Dal Lake water at 4 degrees C, 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The prolonged survival of pathogenic bacteria and transfer of R-plasmid in Dal Lake water could be a health hazard.",1989,"138-143",null,89]
["NHNJRXIX","journalArticle",1997,"Singh, D V; Sanyal, S C","Enterotoxicity, haemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas eucrenophila strains isolated from water and infected fish","Indian Journal of Experimental Biology",{"$nulls":4},"Strains of A. eucrenophila isolated from fresh water (2 strains) and infected fish (4 strains) were tested for haemolytic activity and enterotoxicity and any correlation between them. Also, the resistance patterns of A. eucrenophila were tested especially in relation to ampicillin. None of the A. eucrenophila strains caused fluid accumulation in the initial tests, however, they did so only after one to four sequential passages through the gut of a susceptible host. AU the strains of A. eucrenophila showed beta-haemolytic activities. Production of beta-haemolysin could be correlated with enterotoxicity. Since all the strains of A. eucrenophila were resistant to ampicillin, media containing this antibiotic may be used for their isolation from diverse sources.",1997,"144-147",2,35]
["BBWKY5X4","journalArticle",1997,"Sung, Hung-Hung; Hong, Tang-Yao","The Gram-negative bacterial flora in hepatopancreas of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii): Antibiotic sensitivities and production of extracellular products","Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan",{"$nulls":4},"This study is an investigation of bacterial flora found in the hepatopancreas (HP) of apparently healthy giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Prawns purchased from a local fish market were divided into two group, one group of sixteen prawns was acclimated in dechlorinated freshwater at 30degree C for one week prior to use in experiments, and the other group of sixteen unacclimated prawns was examined bacteriologically immediately following their acquisition. Total bacterial number in HP of the former was found to be two logs lower than in the latter, yet both groups of animals had similar bacterial compositions: of all isolated HP bacteria, 38% and 37% Gram-positive bacteria and 62% and 63% Gram-negative bacteria were found in acclimated and unacclimated prawn, respectively. Sixty strains of Gram-negative bacteria were further identified from four families, seven genera, and fourteen species; the predominant species was Citrobacter freundii, with an isolation rate reaching 41.7%. Using a minimum inhibitory concentration method, it was found that antibiotic resistance to oxytetracycline-HCl and chloramphenicol varied among several of the bacterial species. In order to assess the potential pathogenicity of isolates, hemolysis and the activities of five extracellular enzymes: amylase, lipase, protease, gelatinase, and chitinase were investigated. The results show that 1) the Aeromonas isolates produced all five extracellular enzymes and hemolysin; 2) Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced four of the five enzymes (less amylase) plus hemolysin; and 3) C. freundii failed to produce any of the extracellular enzymes or hemolysin. We believe that these characteristics might confer on the Aeromonas spp. and P. aeruginosa the potential to act as opportunistic pathogens in giant freshwater prawns.",1997,"211-223",3,24]
["TK95MX2R","journalArticle",1995,"Chanratchakool, P; Pearson, M; Limsuwan, C; Roberts, R J","OXYTETRACYCLINE SENSITIVITY OF VIBRIO SPECIES ISOLATED FROM DISEASED BLACK TIGER SHRIMP, PENAEUS-MONODON FABRICIUS","Journal of Fish Diseases",null,null,"10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb01268.x",null,null,1995,"79-82",1,18]

{"sheet":"Exclude_Reviews","index":8,"n_rows":17,"n_cols":15,"rows_kept":17,"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
["Key","Item Type","Publication Year","Author","Title","Publication Title","ISBN","ISSN","DOI","Url","Abstract Note","Date","Pages","Issue","Volume"]
["SDRW29IT","journalArticle",2018,"Park, Kunbawui; Mok, Jong Soo; Kwon, Ji Young; Ryu, A Ra; Kim, Song Hee; Lee, Hee Jung; 박큰바위; 목종수; 권지영; 김송희; 이희정","Food-borne outbreaks, distributions, virulence, and antibiotic resistance profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Korea from 2003 to 2016: a review","Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences",null,null,"10.1186/s41240-018-0081-4",null,"Background: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most common causes of seafood-borne illnesses in Korea, either directly or indirectly, by consuming infected seafood. Many studies have demonstrated the antibiotic susceptibility profile of V. parahaemolyticus. This strain has developed multiple antibiotic resistance, which has raised serious public health and economic concerns. This article reviews the food-borne outbreaks, distributions, virulence, and antibiotic resistance profiles of V. parahaemolyticus in Korea during 2003–2016.Main body: V. parahaemolyticus infections appeared to be seasonally dependent, because 69.7% of patient infections occurred in both August and September during 2003–2016. In addition, the occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus in marine environments varies seasonally but is particularly high in July, August, and September. V. parahaemolyticus isolated from aquaculture sources on the Korean coast varied in association with virulence genes, some did not possess either the tdh (thermostable direct hemolysin) or trh (tdh-related hemolysin) genes, and a few were positive for only the trh gene or both genes. The high percentage of ampicillin resistance against V. parahaemolyticus in the aquatic environment suggests that ampicillin cannot be used to effectively treat infections caused by this organism.Short conclusion: This study shows that the observed high percentage of multiple antibiotic resistance to V. parahaemolyticus is due to conventionally used antibiotics. Therefore, monitoring the antimicrobial resistance patterns at a national level and other solutions are needed to control aquaculture infections, ensure seafood safety, and avoid threats to public health caused by massive misuse of antibiotics.",2018,"2021-01-10",1,21]
["VLLF8WJW","journalArticle",2016,"Elmahdi, Sara; DaSilva, Ligia V; Parveen, Salina","Antibiotic resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in various countries: A review.","Food microbiology",null,null,"10.1016/j.fm.2016.02.008",null,"Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus are the leading causes of seafood associated infections and mortality in the United States. The main syndromes caused by these pathogens are gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia. This article reviewed the antibiotic resistance profile of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in the United States and other countries including Italy, Brazil, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, China, India, Iran, South Africa and Australia. The awareness of antimicrobial resistance of these two pathogens is not as well documented as other foodborne bacterial pathogens. Vibrio spp. are usually susceptible to most antimicrobials of veterinary and human significance. However, many studies reported that V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus showed multiple-antibiotic resistance due to misuse of antibiotics to control infections in aquaculture production. In addition, both environmental and clinical isolates showed similar antibiotic resistance profiles. Most frequently observed antibiotic resistance profiles involved ampicillin, penicillin and tetracycline regardless of the countries. The presence of multiple-antibiotic resistant bacteria in seafood and aquatic environments is a major concern in fish and shellfish farming and human health.","2016-08","128-134",null,57]
["LECKZT8W","journalArticle",2007,"Nonaka, Lisa; Suzuki, Satoru","Monitoring of drug resistant microorganisms in aquatic environments","Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi",null,null,"10.2331/suisan.73.317",null,null,2007,"317-320",2,73]
["ABFV7C6A","journalArticle",2009,"Caruso, Domenico","Pathology in tropical fish culture and the ecopathological approach: Methodology and case study on Pangasiidae farming","Cahiers Agricultures",null,null,"10.1684/agr.2009.0285",null,"The profound changes in breeding and rearing systems along with the intensification of tropical aquaculture production, especially in South-East Asia, tend to increase the occurrence of epizooties and enzootic diseases, of which the socio-economic and environmental impacts amount to hundreds of millions of US $ per year. Because of the variety of cultured species and culture environments, diseases are numerous and their natures are generally multi-factorial, thus complicating health management. Until now, Asian fish-culturists have explored exclusively or essentially the chemotherapeutic register, which is known to result in the accumulation of residues in the environment and/or fish flesh, and to promote antibiotic resistance, including through the transfer of resistance between bacterial species. Alternatives to this chemical strategy are urgently needed to secure the health management of cultured fish, in particular in the field of epidemiology and ecopathology. Ecopathology is a branch of analytical epidemiology that explores and analyzes the different variables of an animal production system in order to individualize the risk factors responsible for creating the setting of a pathogen or disease breakthrough. This holistic approach, which regards pathology as one of the outcomes of a productive system, is very rarely used in aquaculture. This article provides a synthesis on the health issues of fish breeding systems in the tropics, with emphasis on South East Asia, and illustrates the benefits of an ecopathological strategy that was deployed to elucidate then alleviate the mortality of Pangasius spp. reared in floating cages in the Mekong River, Vietnam.",2009,"242-248","2021-02-03",18]
["6JMGSE63","journalArticle",2017,"Yamasaki, S; Le, T D; Vien, M Q; Van Dang, C; Yamamoto, Y","Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and residual antimicrobials in the environment in Vietnam","Animal Health Research Reviews",null,null,"10.1017/S1466252317000160","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045630785&doi=10.1017%2FS1466252317000160&partnerID=40&md5=7a3effd23683ec2d7077f068e4502bdc","Emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, have become serious problems worldwide. Recent studies conducted in Vietnam revealed that ESBL-producing E. coli are widely distributed in food animals and people. CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-1 are the most prevalent β-lactamases among the identified ESBLs. Furthermore, most of the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were multi-drug resistant. Residual antimicrobials such as sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, sulfadimidine, cephalexin, and sulfadiazine were also detected at a high level in both animal meats and environmental water collected from several cities, including Ho Chi Minh city and Can Tho city. These recent studies indicated that improper use of antimicrobials in animal-originated food production might contribute to the emergence and high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in Vietnam. Although clonal ESBL-producing E. coli was not identified, CTX-M-55 gene-carrying plasmids with similar sizes (105-139 kb) have been commonly detected in the ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from various food animals and human beings. This finding strongly suggests that horizontal transfer of the CTX-M plasmid among various E. coli strains played a critical role in the emergence and high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in Vietnam. Copyright © 2018 Cambridge University Press.",2017,"128-135",2,18]
["7EU6WYYT","book",2017,"Griffin, Matt J; Greenway, Terrence E; Wise, David J","Edwardsiella spp",null,"978-1-78064-779-1 978-1-78064-778-4",{"$nulls":4},2017]
["9J27DJPD","book",2009,"Zhao, Jingyi; Dang, Hongyue","Antibiotic Resistance in Mariculture Environments of China",null,"978-1-60741-623-4",{"$nulls":3},"China has become the largest mariculture country of the world The extensive and intense use of antibiotics in mariculture for the prevention and treatment of microbial infections of the farmed marine animals exerts a selective pressure on environmental bacteria The mariculture environment may have become a reservoir and dissemination source of antibiotic resistance The prevalence of antibiotic resistance may undermine the effectiveness of various antibiotics, alter the natural microbiota, disturb the ecological equilibria, and create a potential threat to human health and welfare The emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in mariculture and related environments has become a great concern of environmental and human health. There is an urgent need to develop a monitoring platform to investigate the antibiotic resistant bacteria and their resistance mechanisms in mariculture environments, for effective prevention and control of the spread and evolution of harmful antibiotic resistant bacteria and their resistance determinants. Certain research effort has been made to evaluate the abundance and diversity of the antibiotic-resistant microbes and their resistance genes in China mariculture environments. A preliminary review on this issue is provided in this paper. As the biggest mariculture country, China will take the responsibility and resolution for the control and elimination of antibiotic resistance in mariculture environment",2009]
["YQFCAKJP","journalArticle",2018,"Hamidiyan, Negar; Salehi-Abargouei, Amin; Rezaei, Zeynab; Dehghani-Tafti, Roohollah; Akrami-Mohajeri, Fateme","The prevalence of Listeria spp. food contamination in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis","Food Research International",null,null,"10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.038",null,"Listeria monocytogenes can cause circling disease, encephalitis, meningitis, septicemia, and mastitis in dairy cattle. Contamination from the environment can contaminate foods with Listeria spp. Consumption of foods containing L. monocytogenes can lead to listeriosis in susceptible people (adults with a compromised immune system), pregnant women, and infants. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes in various foods in Iran. We searched PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, Google scholar, and Iranian local databases including Iranian scientific information database and Magiran for relevant studies up to May 2015 using related keywords. In our preliminary search, we retrieved 1344 articles. After removing duplicates and reviewing titles/abstracts, 117 articles were considered, out of which, 75 articles had sufficient quality for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The prevalence of Listeria spp. contamination was about 18.3% in poultry, 8.5% in raw meat, 14.6% in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, 10% in sea foods, 7.3% in traditional dairy, 3.2% in commercial dairy, and 0.1% in eggs. The findings showed that L. monocytogenes was most prevalent in ready to eat (9.2%), seafood (5.1%), poultry (5%), traditional dairy (4%), raw meat (2.6%), commercial dairy (1.4%), and egg (0.2%), respectively. Furthermore, the presence of L. monocytogenes particularly in RTE foods (that are consumed without further heat processing) and under-cooked products could be a potential risk for public health. So, contamination should be controlled at all levels of the food chain.",2018,"437-450",null,107]
["HX4HTUP9","journalArticle",2013,"Carrique-Mas, Juan J; Bryant, J E","A Review of Foodborne Bacterial and Parasitic Zoonoses in Vietnam","Ecohealth",null,null,"10.1007/s10393-013-0884-9",null,"Vietnam has experienced unprecedented economic and social development in recent years, and the livestock sector is undergoing significant transformations. Although food animal production is still dominated by small-scale 'backyard' enterprises with mixed crop-livestock or livestock-aquatic systems, there is a trend towards more intensive and vertically integrated operations. Changes in animal production, processing and distribution networks for meat and animal products, and the shift from wet markets to supermarkets will undoubtedly impact food safety risks in Vietnam in unforeseen and complex ways. Here, we review the available published literature on bacterial and parasitic foodborne zoonoses (FBZ) in Vietnam. We report on clinical disease burden and pathogen prevalence in animal reservoirs for a number of important FBZ, and outline opportunities for future research.",2013,"465-489",4,10]
["XK4TFWF2","journalArticle",2018,"Koeck, R; Daniels-Haardt, I; Becker, K; Mellmann, A; Friedrich, A W; Mevius, D; Schwarz, S; Jurke, A","Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in wildlife, food-producing, and companion animals: a systematic review","Clinical Microbiology and Infection",null,null,"10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.004",null,"Objectives: The spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in healthcare settings challenges clinicians worldwide. However, little is known about dissemination of CRE in livestock, food, and companion animals and potential transmission to humans. Methods: We performed a systematic review of all studies published in the PubMed database between 1980 and 2017 and included those reporting the occurrence of CRE in samples from food-producing and companion animals, wildlife, and exposed humans. The primary outcome was the occurrence of CRE in samples from these animals; secondary outcomes included the prevalence of CRE, carbapenemase types, CRE genotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibilities. Results: We identified 68 articles describing CRE among pigs, poultry, cattle, seafood, dogs, cats, horses, pet birds, swallows, wild boars, wild stork, gulls, and black kites in Africa, America, Asia, Australia, and Europe. The following carbapenemases have been detected (predominantly affecting the genera Escherichia and Klebsiella): VIM, KPC, NDM, OXA, and IMP. Two studies found that 33-67% of exposed humans on poultry farms carried carbapenemase-producing CRE closely related to isolates from the farm environment. Twenty-seven studies selectively screened samples for CRE and found a prevalence of <1% among livestock and companion animals in Europe, 2-26% in Africa, and 1-15% in Asia. Wildlife (gulls) in Australia and Europe carried CRE in 16-19%. Conclusions: The occurrence of CRE in livestock, seafood, wildlife, pets, and directly exposed humans poses a risk for public health. Prospective prevalence studies using molecular and cultural microbiological methods are needed to better define the scope and transmission of CRE. (c) 2018 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",2018,"1241-1250",12,24]
["4CF89AI9","journalArticle",1999,"Reilly, A; Kaferstein, F","Food safety and products from aquaculture","Journal of Applied Microbiology",null,null,"10.1111/j.1365-2672.1998.tb05305.x",null,"Aquaculture is currently one of the fastest growing food production systems in the world with production increasing at an average rate of 9.6% per year over the past decade. As world fish stocks are reaching the limits of exploitation, we shall rely to a far greater extent on products from aquaculture as food sources of high nutritional value. Approximately 90% of global aquaculture production is based in Asia, where it provides an important source of dietary animal protein of the region and income for millions of small-scale farmers. Commercial aquaculture contributes significantly to the economies of many producing countries, where highly valued species are a major source of foreign. Many different aquaculture systems exist world wide, ranging from small family-sized fish ponds to intensive cage culture industries as used in salmon fishing. There has been an expansion in the use of integrated farming systems, especially in Asia, where animal and human faeces are used to fertilise ponds. This paper will review global aquaculture systems used in the production of finfish and crustaceans and will focus on potential hazards arising from biological contamination of products that pose risks to public health.",1999,"249S-257S",null,85]
["9N9HB7HH","book",2017,"Shoemaker, Craig A; Xu, De-Hai; Soto, Esteban","Streptococcus iniae and S. agalactiae",null,"978-1-78064-779-1 978-1-78064-778-4",{"$nulls":4},2017]
["PJX7B9AG","journalArticle",2018,"Lee, Learn-Han; Raghunath, Pendru","Editorial: Vibrionaceae Diversity, Multidrug Resistance and Management","Frontiers in Microbiology",null,null,"10.3389/fmicb.2018.00563",null,null,2018,null,null,9]
["RRH9KBKD","journalArticle",2016,"Praveen, Praveen Kumar; Debnath, Chanchal; Shekhar, Shashank; Dalai, Nirupama; Ganguly, Subha","Incidence of Aeromonas spp. infection in fish and chicken meat and its related public health hazards: A review.","Veterinary world",null,null,"10.14202/vetworld.2016.6-11",null,"Aeromonas is recognized to cause a variety of diseases in man. In humans, they are associated with intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. With the growing importance of Aeromonas as an emerging pathogen, it is important to combat this organism. It is indisputable that Aeromonas strains may produce many different putative virulence factors such as enterotoxins, hemolysins or cytotoxins, and antibiotic resistance against different antibiotics. The ability of these bacteria to grow competitively at 5 degrees C may be indicative of their potential as a public health hazard. Comprehensive enteric disease surveillance strategies, prevention and education are essential for meeting the challenges in the years ahead. It is important for us to promote the value of enteric cultures when patients have a gastrointestinal illness or bloody diarrhea or when multiple cases of enteric disease occur after a common exposure. With the growing importance of Aeromonas as an emerging pathogen, it is important to combat this organism. It is indisputable that Aeromonas strains may produce many different putative virulence factors, such as enterotoxins, hemolysins or cytotoxins. It has been established that aerolysin is a virulence factor contributing to the pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish and chicken play an important role in the transmission of this pathogen to humans. In the present study, the high prevalence of toxin-producing strains was found among the Aeromonas isolates. The ability of these bacteria to grow competitively at 5 degrees C may be indicative of their potential as a public health hazard. The present review was constructed with a view to highlight the zoonotic importance of Aeromonas pathogen in fish and chicken meat.","2016-01","2021-06-11",1,9]
["NT3RARWP","journalArticle",2016,"Hu, Yuanan; Cheng, Hefa","Health risk from veterinary antimicrobial use in China's food animal production and its reduction","ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION",null,null,"10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.099",null,"The overuse and misuse of veterinary drugs, particularly antimicrobials, in food animal production in China cause environmental pollution and wide food safety concerns, and pose public health risk with the selection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that can spread from animal populations to humans. Elevated abundance and diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant bacteria (including multi drug resistant strains) in food-producing animals, food products of animal origin, microbiota of human gut, and environmental media impacted by intensive animal farming have been reported. To rein in drug use in food animal production and protect public health, the government made a total of 227 veterinary drugs, including 150 antimicrobial products, available only by prescription from licensed veterinarians for curing, controlling, and preventing animal diseases in March 2014. So far the regulatory ban on non-therapeutic use has failed to bring major changes to the long-standing practice of drug overuse and misuse in animal husbandry and aquaculture, and significant improvement in its implementation and enforcement is necessary. A range of measures, including improving access to veterinary services, strengthening supervision on veterinary drug production and distribution, increasing research and development efforts, and enhancing animal health management, are recommended to facilitate transition toward rational use of veterinary drugs, particularly antimicrobials, and to reduce the public health risk arising from AMR development in animal agriculture. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","2016-12","993-997",null,219]
["5QYH94Z2","journalArticle",2016,"Nhung, Nguyen T; Cuong, Nguyen V; Thwaites, Guy; Carrique-Mas, Juan","Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production in Southeast Asia: A Review.","Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)",null,null,"10.3390/antibiotics5040037",null,"Southeast Asia is an area of great economic dynamism. In recent years, it has experienced a rapid rise in the levels of animal product production and consumption. The region is considered to be a hotspot for infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We reviewed English-language peer-reviewed publications related to antimicrobial usage (AMU) and AMR in animal production, as well as antimicrobial residues in meat and fish from 2000 to 2016, in the region. There is a paucity of data from most countries and for most bacterial pathogens. Most of the published work relates to non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Campylobacter spp. (mainly from Vietnam and Thailand), Enterococcus spp. (Malaysia), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Thailand). However, most studies used the disk diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; breakpoints were interpreted using Clinical Standard Laboratory Institute (CSLI) guidelines. Statistical models integrating data from publications on AMR in NTS and E. coli studies show a higher overall prevalence of AMR in pig isolates, and an increase in levels of AMR over the years. AMU studies (mostly from Vietnam) indicate very high usage levels of most types of antimicrobials, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and quinolones. This review summarizes information about genetic determinants of resistance, most of which are transferrable (mostly plasmids and integrons). The data in this review provide a benchmark to help focus research and policies on AMU and AMR in the region.","2016-11",null,4,5]

{"sheet":"Exclude_Strain surveys","index":9,"n_rows":41,"n_cols":15,"rows_kept":41,"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
["Key","Item Type","Publication Year","Author","Title","Publication Title","ISBN","ISSN","DOI","Url","Abstract Note","Date","Pages","Issue","Volume"]
["FAAQ3LQW","journalArticle",2017,"Zhu, Fengjiao; Yang, Zongying; Zhang, Yiliu; Hu, Kun; Fang, Wenhong","Transcriptome differences between enrofloxacin-resistant and enrofloxacinsusceptible strains of Aeromonas hydrophila","Plos One",null,null,"10.1371/journal.pone.0179549",null,"Enrofloxacin is the most commonly used antibiotic to control diseases in aquatic animals caused by A. hydrophila. This study conducted de novo transcriptome sequencing and compared the global transcriptomes of enrofloxacin-resistant and enrofloxacin-susceptible strains. We got a total of 4,714 unigenes were assembled. Of these, 4,122 were annotated. A total of 3,280 unigenes were assigned to GO, 3,388 unigenes were classified into Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) using BLAST and BLAST2GO software, and 2,568 were mapped onto pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes Pathway database. Furthermore, 218 unigenes were deemed to be DEGs. After enrofloxacin treatment, 135 genes were upregulated and 83 genes were downregulated. The GO terms biological process (126 genes) and metabolic process (136 genes) were the most enriched, and the terms for protein folding, response to stress, and SOS response were also significantly enriched. This study identified enrofloxacin treatment affects multiple biological functions of A. hydrophila. Enrofloxacin resistance in A. hydrophila is closely related to the reduction of intracellular drug accumulation caused by ABC transporters and increased expression of topoisomerase IV.",2017,"e0179549-e0179549",7,12]
["Q6K4ZVC4","journalArticle",2004,"Jin Jun, L; Bum Jeong, J; Huh, M.-D. D; Chung, J.-K. K; Choi, D.-L. I; Lee, C.-H. H; Jeong, H D; Jun, L J; Jeong, J B; Huh, M.-D. D; Chung, J.-K. K; Choi, D.-L. I; Lee, C.-H. H; Jeong, H D","Detection of tetracycline-resistance determinants by multiplex polymerase chain reaction in Edwardsiella tarda isolated from fish farms in Korea","Aquaculture",null,null,"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.07.025","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4744365855&doi=10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2004.07.025&partnerID=40&md5=8e98773a3bdc4b936fd8f0f2fd28675d","To determine and discriminate the types of tetracycline (Tc)-resistance determinants (let), we developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). With minimized numbers of primers derived from. the variable and conserved regions of six different types of tet genes, tet(A)-(E) and (G), the multiplex PCR was sensitive and specific enough to discriminate the various types of tet genes, even multiple tet genes in an individual resistant isolate, by the different sizes of the resulting PCR products. Each of 20 Tc-resistant Edwardsiella tarda (Ed. tarda) isolates from diseased fish from aquatic farms in Korea carrying either one or two tet genes of types (A), (D), (B), or (G) gave PCR products of the appropriate lengths. Among the four types of let genes found in Ed. tarda, two types, tet(A) and (D), were always present on mobile plasmids, and the other two types, tet(B) and (G), were located on the nonmobile nucleic acids. This is the first time that either of these two genes, type (13) or (G), have been found in Ed. tarda isolates. The two most common types of Tc-resistance determinant' were, tet(A) and (D), occurring in 55% and 45% of total Tc-resistant Ed. tarda isolates, respectively. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.",2004,"89-100","2021-01-04",240]
["5R74C32H","journalArticle",2018,"Kuang, Dai; Zhang, Jianmin; Xu, Xuebin; Shi, Weimin; Chen, Sheng; Yang, Xiaowei; Su, Xudong; Shi, Xianming; Meng, Jianghong","Emerging high-level ciprofloxacin resistance and molecular basis of resistance in Salmonella enterica from humans, food and animals","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY",null,null,"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.05.001",null,"Disease caused by nontyphoidal serotypes of Salmonella enterica is the leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide. Many serotypes have also developed resistance to antimicrobials commonly used for the treatment of salmonellosis. Here we analyze 179 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates identified among 3680 Salmonella isolated from humans, food, animals, and water collected in Shanghai, China. They were assessed for antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants, and mutations in quinolone resistance determination regions(QRDRs);genetic relatedness was examined using PFGE. Ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella increased from 2.3% in 2006 to 5.9% in 2012. Multidrug resistance was common, and most carried mutations in QRDR (97.2%) and PMQR determinants (71.5%). Mutations frequently included changes in gyrA: Ser83Phe (53.6%) and Asp87Asn (35.8%), and in parC: Thr57Ser (53.1%) and Ser80Arg (44.1%). Mutations in parC and parE without changes in gyrA were identified in S. Derby and most S. Thompson. Among PMQR determinants, aac(6')-Ib-cr (62.0%) and oqxA/oqxB (33.5%/33.0%) were most common, and conferred resistance without target mutations in five S. Typhimurium isolates. PFGE analysis revealed that S. Typhimurium, isolated from pork and aquatic products, and S. Indiana, isolated from chicken, were highly similar to isolates from humans, suggesting these products be the major source of ciprofloxacin-resistant infections. Our findings highlight the important role QRDRs and PMQR play in ciprofloxacin resistance of Salmonella, and reveal the potential sources of the pathogen associated with human infections.","2018-09","2021-01-09",null,280]
["QVL6NL3B","journalArticle",2015,"Cao, Haipeng; Wen, Lefu; He, Shan; Lu, Liqun; Yang, Xianle; Chen, Baiyao","Vibrio cholerae: A Causal Agent for White Feces Syndrome in Freshwater Cultured Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)","ISRAELI JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE-BAMIDGEH",{"$nulls":4},"Whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei is an important commercial shrimp species cultivated in China and many other countries worldwide. Bacteriosis is a major economic problem that inhibits the farming of this species in fresh water. White feces syndrome is an emerging epidemic in freshwater cultured P. vannamei and has caused significant economic damage. Only scarce information is available on Vibrio cholerae as a possible causal agent for this disease. In this study, a virulent strain BB31 was isolated from diseased P. vannamei suffering from white feces syndrome, and identified as a V. cholerae isolate through phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to examine the relationship of isolate BB31 to other V. cholerae isolates. Three genes encoding hemolysin, outer membrane protein, and cholera toxin transcriptional activator were present in the BB31 isolate confirming its potential pathogenicity. In addition, isolate BB31 is known to have developed resistance to penicillin, sulfonamides and cephalosporin antibiotics. This was demonstrated when screened against a range of common antibiotics for aquaculture and veterinary use. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of white feces syndrome caused by V. cholerae in freshwater farmed P. vannamei.",2015,null,null,67]
["IXIWNYLU","journalArticle",2016,"Letchumanan, Vengadesh; Ser, Hooi-Leng; Tan, Wen-Si; Ab Mutalib, Nurul-Syakima; Goh, Bey-Hing; Chan, Kok-Gan; Lee, Learn-Han","Genome Sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus VP152 Strain Isolated from Penaeus indicus in Malaysia","FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY",null,null,"10.3389/fmicb.2016.01410",null,null,"2016-09",null,null,7]
["X9D3KPIS","journalArticle",2005,"Maluping, R P; Lavilla-Pitogo, C R; DePaola, A; Janda, J M; Krovacek, K; Greko, C","Antimicrobial susceptibility of Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp. and Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated in the Philippines and Thailand.","International journal of antimicrobial agents",null,null,"10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.01.003",null,null,"2005-04","348-350",4,25]
["ULNP88HF","journalArticle",2011,"Majumdar, Tanmay; Das, Bhabatosh; Bhadra, Rupak K; Dam, Bomba; Mazumder, Shibnath","Complete nucleotide sequence of a quinolone resistance gene (qnrS2) carrying plasmid of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from fish.","Plasmid",null,null,"10.1016/j.plasmid.2011.05.001",null,"Aeromonas hydrophila strain AO1 isolated from an infected fish was found to be resistant to several quinolones. A plasmid isolated from the strain AO1, termed pBRST7.6, was cloned and sequenced and shown to be 7621bp in length with a GC content of 60%. Further analysis confirmed that it contained a gene with 100% identity to qnrS2 genes described in plasmids associated with other Aeromonas species, the product of which usually confers increased resistance to quinolones. The plasmid backbone contained a replication initiation module (repA repC) belonging to the IncQ-family and two genes (mobC and mobB), the products of which are putatively involved in plasmid mobilization. Putative iteron-based origin of replication and characteristic oriT like sequences were also present in the plasmid. The result suggests that Aeromonas spp. carrying plasmids with quinolone resistance genes are potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance determinants in the environment.","2011-07","79-84",2,66]
["CBI8QDBE","journalArticle",2008,"Kim, Mi-Jung; Hirono, Ikuo; Kurokawa, Ken; Maki, Takeshi; Hawke, John; Kondo, Hidehiro; Santos, Mudjekeewis D; Aoki, Takashi","Complete DNA sequence and analysis of the transferable multiple-drug resistance plasmids (R Plasmids) from Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida isolates collected in Japan and the United States.","Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy",null,null,"10.1128/AAC.01216-07",null,"Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida is a bacterial fish pathogen that causes a disease known as pasteurellosis. Two transferable multiple-drug resistance (R) plasmids, pP99-018 (carrying resistance to kanamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfonamide) and pP91278 (carrying resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim, and sulfonamide), isolated from P. damselae subsp. piscicida strains from Japan (P99-018) and the United States (P91278), respectively, were completely sequenced and analyzed, along with the multiple-drug resistance regions of three other R plasmids also from P. damselae subsp. piscicida strains from Japan. The sequence structures of pP99-018 (150,057 bp) and pP91278 (131,520 bp) were highly conserved, with differences due to variation in the drug resistance and conjugative transfer regions. These plasmids, shown to be closely related to the IncJ element R391 (a conjugative, self-transmitting, integrating element, or constin), were divided into the conjugative transfer, replication, partition, and multiple-drug resistance regions. Each of the five multiple-drug resistance regions sequenced exhibited unique drug resistance marker composition and arrangement.","2008-02","606-611",2,52]
["RRMPGN2E","journalArticle",2019,"Das, Uday Narayan; Singh, Asem Sanjit; Lekshmi, Manjusha; Nayak, Binaya Bhusan; Kumar, Sanath","Characterization of blaNDM-harboring, multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from seafood.","Environmental science and pollution research international",null,null,"10.1007/s11356-018-3759-3",null,"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have evolved into a major challenge to antibiotic therapy worldwide. The problem is more confounding when wider dissemination of CRE occurs in the community and the environment. In this study, six blaNDM-harboring Enterobacteriaceae, four Klebsiella pneumoniae, and two Escherichia coli, isolated from seafood, were characterized with respect to their antibiotic resistance and the genetic factors responsible for these resistances. The isolates were resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics, quinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline and were susceptible to colistin, polymixin B, fosfomycin, and tigecycline. Four isolates harbored New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase (blaNDM-5 genes, while one isolate each harbored blaNDM-1 and blaNDM-2 genes, respectively. The blaNDM genes in all the isolates were flanked by an upstream, truncated ISAba125, and downstream bleMBL-trpF genes. Conjugation experiments showed that the NDM plasmids were readily transmissible. Further, the two blaNDM-positive E. coli isolates belonged to the multidrug-resistant ST131 clone. This study highlights the growing danger of seafood as carriers of multidrug-resistant bacteria leading to their wider dissemination in the community.","2019-01","2455-2463",3,26]
["WEVEUYEQ","journalArticle",2019,"Yu, Yongxiang; Zhang, Zheng; Wang, Yingeng; Liao, Meijie; Rong, Xiaojun; Li, Bin; Wang, Kai; Chen, Jing; Zhang, Hao","Complete Genome Sequence of Photobacterium damselae Subsp. damselae Strain SSPD1601 Isolated from Deep-Sea Cage-Cultured Sebastes schlegelii with Septic Skin Ulcer.","International journal of genomics",null,null,"10.1155/2019/4242653",null,"Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (PDD) is a Gram-negative bacterium that can infect a variety of aquatic organisms and humans. Based on an epidemiological investigation conducted over the past 3 years, PDD is one of the most important pathogens causing septic skin ulcer in deep-sea cage-cultured Sebastes schlegelii in the Huang-Bohai Sea area and present throughout the year with high abundance. To further understand the pathogenicity of this species, the pathogenic properties and genome of PDD strain SSPD1601 were analyzed. The results revealed that PDD strain SSPD1601 is a rod-shaped cell with a single polar flagellum, and the clinical symptoms were replicated during artificial infection. The SSPD1601 genome consists of two chromosomes and two plasmids, totaling 4,252,294 bp with 3,751 coding sequences (CDSs), 196 tRNA genes, and 47 rRNA genes. Common virulence factors including flagellin, Fur, RstB, hcpA, OMPs, htpB-Hsp60, VasK, and vgrG were found in strain SSPD1601. Furthermore, SSPD1601 is a pPHDD1-negative strain containing the hemolysin gene hlyAch and three putative hemolysins (emrA, yoaF, and VPA0226), which are likely responsible for the pathogenicity of SSPD1601. The phylogenetic analysis revealed SSPD1601 to be most closely related to Phdp Wu-1. In addition, the antibiotic resistance phenotype indicated that SSPD1601 was not sensitive to ceftazidime, pipemidic, streptomycin, cefalexin, bacitracin, cefoperazone sodium, acetylspiramycin, clarithromycin, amikacin, gentamycin, kanamycin, oxacillin, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but only the bacitracin resistance gene bacA was detected based on Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database. These results expand our understanding of PDD, setting the stage for further studies of its pathogenesis and disease prevention.",2019,"4242653-4242653",null,2019]
["CN48I45K","journalArticle",2018,"Meidong, Ratchanu; Khotchanalekha, Kulwadee; Doolgindachbaporn, Sompong; Nagasawa, Takahiro; Nakao, Miki; Sakai, Kenji; Tongpim, Saowanit","Evaluation of probiotic Bacillus aerius B81e isolated from healthy hybrid catfish on growth, disease resistance and innate immunity of Pla-mong Pangasius bocourti.","Fish & shellfish immunology",null,null,"10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.032",null,"Infectious diseases have been found to be a major cause of mortality in fish hatcheries. Probiotics have been introduced to replace antibiotics commonly used for treatment of bacterial infection in aquaculture. This study was conducted to isolate, screen, and evaluate the probiotic Bacillus spp. for potential use as a feed supplement to enhance fish growth, disease resistance and innate immunity of Pla-mong Pangasius bocourti. Bacillus aerius strain B81e was selectively isolated from the intestine of healthy catfish and chosen based on its probiotic properties both in vitro and in vivo. This bacterium produced a bacteriocin-like substance and exhibited a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity inhibiting both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria especially the fish pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae. The susceptibility to all 8 antibiotics tested implies that it is unlikely to be an antibiotic-resistant bacterium. B. aerius strain B81e possessed interesting adhesion properties as shown by its high percentages of hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation with fish pathogens A. hydrophila FW52 and S. agalactiae F3S and mucin binding. The strain B81e survived simulated gastrointestinal conditions, producing protease and lipase but not beta-haemolysin. The study also evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with strain B81e on growth performance, innate immunity, and the disease resistance of P. bocourti against A. hydrophila infection. Fish with a mean body weight of 69 g were fed strain B81e at 0 (control) and 10(7) CFU g(-1) feed (test) for 60 days. Various growth and immune parameters were examined at 30 and 60 days post-feeding. Fish were challenged with A. hydrophila 60 days post-feeding and mortalities were recorded over 14 days post-infection. Results showed that the administration of strain B81e for 60 days had significant effects (p < 0.05) on weight gain, specific growth rate and feed utilization efficiency of P. bocourti. Dietary administration of strain B81e increased the serum lysozyme and bactericidal activities of P. bocourti significantly throughout the experimental period whereas the alternative complement, phagocytic and respiratory burst activities were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the test fish compared to the control fish after 60 days of feeding. In addition, the fish fed a strain B81e supplemented diet had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) post-challenge survival rate than the control fish. The results in this study indicate that B. aerius B81e has beneficial effects on growth performance, innate immunity and disease resistance of P. bocourti. This is the first report on the probiotic roles of B. aerius in aquaculture.","2018-02","2021-01-10",null,73]
["84P5GI7K","journalArticle",2003,"Furushita, M; Shiba, T; Maeda, T; Yahata, M; Kaneoka, A; Takahashi, Y; Torii, K; Hasegawa, T; Ohtal, M","Similarity of tetracycline resistance genes isolated from fish farm bacteria to those from clinical isolates","Applied and Environmental Microbiology",null,null,"10.1128/aem.69.9.5336-5342.2003",null,"Tetracycline-resistant (Tet(r)) bacteria were isolated from fishes collected at three different fish farms in the southern part of Japan in August and September 2000. Of the 66 Tet(r) gram-negative strains, 29 were identified as carrying tetB only. Four carried tetY, and another four carried tetD. Three strains carried tetC, two strains carried tetB and tetY, and one strain carried tetC and tetG. Sequence analyses indicated the identity in Tet(r) genes between the fish farm bacteria and clinical bacteria: 99.3 to 99.9% for tetB, 98.2 to 100% for tetC, 99.7 to 100% for MID, 92.0 to 96.2% for tetG, and 97.1 to 100% for tetY. Eleven of the Tet(r) strains transferred Tet(r) genes by conjugation to Escherichia coli HB-101. All transconjugants were resistant to tetracycline, oxycycline, doxycycline, and minocycline. The donors included strains of Photobacterium, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Alteromonas, Citrobacter, and Salmonella spp., and they transferred tetB, tetY, or tetD to the recipients. Because NaCl enhanced their growth, these Tet(r) strains, except for the Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, and Salmonella strains, were recognized as marine bacteria. Our results suggest that tet genes from fish farm bacteria have the same origins as those from clinical strains.",2003,"5336-5342",9,69]
["V8IL29EG","journalArticle",2015,"Hu, Meng-hua; Ma, Li-cai; Zhao, Shu; Liu, Xu; Zhou, Jun-fang; Fang, Wen-hong","Molecular analysis of multi-drug resistance and virulence genes in a pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus","Marine Fisheries",{"$nulls":4},"A pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus strain, named VA-76, was isolated from ceca contents of a diseased Litopenaeus vannamei collected from Fuqing, Fujian Province. Antimicrobial susceptibilty tests for 13 antimicrobials and infection assay for Litopenaeus vannamei were performed to determine the phenotype of antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity of VA-76, respectivly. To explore the genotype of antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity, the isolate was also analyzed by PCR detection for virulence genes, integron-related genes and antimircobial resistance genes. In artificial infection assay, death occurred in all 4 groups of Litopenaeus vannamei infected with 3. 5 x 107cfu, 3. 5 x 106cfu, 3. 5 x 105cfu, and 3. 5 x 104cfu, and the death rates were 100%, 100%, 80%, and 65%, respectively. The virulence -related genes such as tdh, tlh, toxS, collagenase, flaA, ompW, aspA, and fur were identified in VA-76. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that this bacteria was resistant to multiple antimicribals, including florfenicol (32 [mu]g . mL-1), doxycycline (32 [mu]g . mL), ciprofloxacin ( > 64 g . mL'), chloramphenicol ( 128 [mu]g . mL-1), streptomycin ( > 512 p,g . mL), erythromycin ( 256 lig . mL), sulfamethoxazole ( > 2048 lig \" mi,-1), TMP/SMZ ( > 128/2432 g \" mi., -1), and rifampin ( > 64 lig \" mL -1). Especially, VA-76 exhibited high-level resistance to the latter 7 antimicrobials, and had relatively high MIC for neomycine ( > 32 g \" mL -1). Furthermore, integron 1 and SXT was also detected in this isolate, and the gene cassete arrangement arr2-dfrA27 was identified inside this class 1 integron. Besides, insertion sequence common region' (ISCR1), containing a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene cat2, was also detected. Several other antimicrobial resistance genes, eluding strA, strB, floR and qnrVC, were found in VA-76. However, no mutation was identified in gyrA and ParC genes of VA-76, which were usually involved in fluroquinolones resistance. This study revealed that Vibrio alginolyticus VA-76 could cause the death of Litopenaeus vannamei, exhibit resistance to multiple antimicrobials, and contain multiple virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, indicating that prudent use of antimicrobial agents in aquaculture should be emphasized to control the development and distribution of antimicrobial resistant Vibrio alginolyticus.",2015,"557-564",6,37]
["3623E7HE","journalArticle",2003,"Yoo, M H; Huh, M D; Kim, E H; Lee, H H; Jeong, H D","Characterization of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene by multiplex polymerase chain reaction in multidrug-resistant strains isolated from aquatic environments","Aquaculture",null,null,"10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00169-2",null,"Multidrug-resistant isolates carrying the chloramphenicol resistance gene were obtained from aquatic farms in various locations in Korea and studied to determine the distribution and origin of the cat gene. Out of the 134 isolates examined, 10 showed multidrug resistance to several different antibiotics including chloramphenicol (CP). One of these 10 multidrug-resistant bacteria, Vibrio damsela JE1 (V. damsela JE1) contained a transferable R plasmid encoding CP and tetracycline (TC) resistance genes. The presence of the R plasmid was confirmed by conjugation using the chromocult medium (CC) as a selective and differential medium for transconjugants with identification based on the growth or colors of the colonies. To determine the types of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase genes (cat), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers derived from the variable and conserved regions of different types cat genes, appeared to be a very specific and sensitive method. Additionally, we developed the multiplex PCR that allowed us to determine the types of cat genes by the different sizes of the resulting PCR products in a single reaction tube. With the PCR method, we determined that all multidrug-resistant isolates of Vibrio from the farms of the South and East Sea that contained the cat gene carried type IV gene in an R plasmid or other nucleic acids, and the remaining isolates including Edwardsiella tarda, Aeromonas hydrophila and Shewanella sp. carried the type II gene. This result suggested that the type of cat gene in the multidrug-resistant bacteria originated from a very limited environmental or biological source and was not dependent on the location of the area of isolation in Korea. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.",2003,"2021-11-21","2021-01-04",217]
["SPNC78S4","journalArticle",2014,"Guo, Peng; Wang, Na; Liu, Yong-jie; Lu, Cheng-ping","Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Characterization of Outer Membrane Proteins of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated in China","Journal of Integrative Agriculture",null,null,"10.1016/s2095-3119(13)60312-3",null,"Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from clinical cases (n=43) were tested against 8 antimicrobial agents and typed by outer membrane protein (OMP) pattern by using sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin (MICs, >= 16 mu g mL(-1)) and sulfamonomethoxine (MICs, >= 64 mu g mL(-1)), but susceptible to norfloxacin (MICs, <= 0.5 mu g mL(-1)). There was a high incidence of resistance to erythromycin (90.70%) and tylosin (93.02%), while a low incidences of resistance to ciprofloxacin (2.33%), enrofloxacin (2.33%) and florfenicol (4.65%). Six different outer membrane protein patterns were found among 34 isolates by analyzing proteins in the range of 22 to 50 kDa, other than 9 isolates with their respective profiles. The strains with the similar OMP profiles had similar resistances. Compared with the other strains from the same OMP patterns, NB-1, A.Pun and MR-1 had lacked the proteins in the range of 30 to 45 kDa and their resistance to florfenicol substantially increased. It is speculated that the outer membrane protein changes might correlate with decreased susceptibility to florfenicol in the three strains. Some strains which showed completely identical OMP types had a little difference in their resistance to fluoroquinolones, indicating that there might be other factors that were involved in the antimicrobial resistance of A. hydrophila.",2014,"911-917",4,13]
["CM5ACGPJ","journalArticle",2015,"Lai, Hung-Chiao; Ng, Tze Hann; Ando, Masahiro; Lee, Chung-Te; Chen, I Tung; Chuang, Jie-Cheng; Mavichak, Rapeepat; Chang, Sheng-Hsiung; Yeh, Mi-De; Chiang, Yi-An; Takeyama, Haruko; Hamaguchi, Hiro-o; Lo, Chu-Fang; Aoki, Takashi; Wang, Han-Ching","Pathogenesis of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp","Fish & Shellfish Immunology",null,null,"10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.008",null,"Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), also called early mortality syndrome (EMS), is a recently emergent shrimp bacterial disease that has resulted in substantial economic losses since 2009. AHPND is known to be caused by strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that contain a unique virulence plasmid, but the pathology of the disease is still unclear. In this study, we show that AHPND-causing strains of V. parahaemolyticus secrete the plasmid encoded binary toxin PirAB(vp) into the culture medium. We further determined that, after shrimp were challenged with AHPND-causing bacteria, the bacteria initially colonized the stomach, where they started to produce PirAB(vp) toxin. At the same early time point (6 hpi), PirB(vp) toxin, but not PirA(vp) toxin, was detected in the hepatopancreas, and the characteristic histopathological signs of AHPND, including sloughing of the epithelial cells of the hepatopancreatic tubules, were also seen. Although some previous studies have found that both components of the binary PirAB(vp) toxin are necessary to induce a toxic effect, our present results are consistent with other studies which have suggested that PirB(vp) alone may be sufficient to cause cellular damage. At later time points, the bacteria and PirA(vp) and PirB(vp) toxins were all detected in the hepatopancreas. We also show that Raman spectroscopy \"Whole organism fingerprints\" were unable to distinguish between AHPND-causing and non-AHPND causing strains. Lastly, by using minimum inhibitory concentrations, we found that both virulent and non-virulent V. parahaemolyticus strains were resistant to several antibiotics, suggesting that the use of antibiotics in shrimp culture should be more strictly regulated. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",2015,"1006-1014",2,47]
["GIL7U7PY","journalArticle",2011,"Meng, Hecheng; Zhang, Zhigang; Chen, Miaorui; Su, Yongyu; Li, Lin; Miyoshi, Shin-ichi; Yan, He; Shi, Lei","Characterization and horizontal transfer of class 1 integrons in Salmonella strains isolated from food products of animal origin","International Journal of Food Microbiology",null,null,"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.07.006",null,"A total of 81 Salmonella isolates from retail meats and seafood in Hebei province, China, were assayed for the presence of and horizontal transfer of class 1 integrons. By the PCR screening for the integrons, class 1 integron was detected from strains in serotypes of Derby, Indiana, London and Choleraesuis, which were isolated from pork, chicken or seafood: however, two isolates contained the empty integron that lacked the resistance cassette, a potential hotspot for development of the multidrug resistance. In contrast, two other isolates had the antibiotic resistance gene cassettes within the class 1 integron, which were dfrA1-aadA1 and aadB-cmlA, respectively. The conjugation experiments demonstrated the plasmid-mediated transfer of the class 1 integrons. Furthermore, each of the integrons was transmitted to Streptococcus mutans via natural gene transformation. These findings suggest the possible transfer of class 1 integrons from foodborne pathogens to human residential bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",2011,"274-277",3,149]
["JC76FIGF","journalArticle",2016,"Li, Ruichao; Ye, Lianwei; Zheng, Zhiwei; Chan, Edward Wai Chi; Chen, Sheng","Genetic Characterization of a bla(VEB-2)-Carrying Plasmid in Vibrio parahaemolyticuse","Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy",null,null,"10.1128/aac.01749-16",null,"This report describes the first detection of a bla(VEB-2) gene in a Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain isolated from a shrimp sample. The bla(VEB-2) gene was carried on a novel Inc-type plasmid that was likely to have originated from aquatic organisms, as indicated by a comparison with other known genetic elements in the GenBank database. However, the plasmid contains resistance elements usually harbored by members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, suggesting that gene transfer events occurred and contributed to the formation of this multidrug resistance-encoding plasmid.",2016,"6965-6968",11,60]
["6BFYVB9A","journalArticle",2018,"Zheng, Z; Li, R; Ye, L; Chan, E.W.-C.; Chen, S","Identification and characterization of IncA/C conjugative, bla NDM-1 -bearing plasmid in vibrio alginolyticus of food origin","Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy",null,null,"10.1128/AAC.01897-18","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057193314&doi=10.1128%2FAAC.01897-18&partnerID=40&md5=aa641959674f201774f06798503fc18f",null,2018,null,12,62]
["RAVZXTHH","journalArticle",2018,"Yamaguchi, Takahiro; Kawahara, Ryuji; Harada, Kazuo; Teruya, Shihono; Nakayama, Tatsuya; Motooka, Daisuke; Nakamura, Shota; Phuc Do, Nguyen; Kumeda, Yuko; Van Dang, Chinh; Hirata, Kazumasa; Yamamoto, Yoshimasa","The presence of colistin resistance gene mcr-1 and-3 in ESBL producing Escherichia coli isolated from food in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","Fems Microbiology Letters",null,null,"10.1093/femsle/fny100",null,"Colistin is indicated for the treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. However, the spread of colistin-resistant bacteria harbouring an ma gene has become a serious concern. This study investigated local foods in Vietnam for contamination with colistin-resistant bacteria. A total of 261 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli isolates from 330 meat and seafood products were analysed for colistin susceptibility and the presence of mcr genes. Approximately, 24% (62/261) of ESBL- or AmpC-producing E. coil isolates showed colistin resistance; 97% (60/62) of colistin-resistant isolates harboured mcr-1, whereas 3% (2/62) harboured mcr-3. As the result of plasmid analysis of two strains, both plasmids harbouring mcr-3 revealed that plasmid replicon type was IncFII. Sequencing analysis indicated that an insertion sequence was present near mcr-3, suggesting that IncFII plasmids harbouring mcr-3 could be transferred to other bacterial species by horizontal transfer of the plasmid or transfer with some insertion sequence. In conclusion, ESBL-producing E. coli and AmpC-producing E. coli have acquired colistin resistance because 24% of such isolates show colistin resistance and 3% of the colistin-resistant strains harbour mcr-3. We reported the present of the mcr-3-carrying ESBL-producing E. coil isolated from pork in Vietnam.",2018,null,11,365]
["IHR5WLMD","journalArticle",2009,"Sun, Kun; Wang, Hua-lei; Zhang, Min; Mao, Zhi-zhong; Sun, Li","Genetic mechanisms of multi-antimicrobial resistance in a pathogenic Edwardsiella tarda strain","Aquaculture",null,null,"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.12.021",null,"TX01, a pathogenic Edwardsiella tarda strain isolated from diseased fish at an epidemic-inflicted fish farm in China, exhibits resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobial agents. The genes (kn(R). catA3, and tet(A), respectively) encoding resistance to kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline were cloned and found to be 99-100% identical to the corresponding genes carried by known plasmids and transposons of human, animal, and environmental isolates. Further study demonstrated that TX01 harbors a plasmid, pETX, which proved to be (i) the carrier of the tet and cut operons; (ii) a mobile genetic element that is capable of transferring between bacteria of different genera. These results, which, to our knowledge, documented for the first time the co-existence of chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance determinants on a conjugative plasmid in a pathogenic E tarda strain, indicated that gene acquisition via horizontal transferring of pETX-like mobile genetic entities may have played an important part in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and that there have existed for some time widespread genetic exchanges between bacteria of human, animal/fish, and environmental origins. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",2009,"134-139","2021-01-02",289]
["K44N75SM","journalArticle",2015,"Thankappan, Bency; Ramesh, Dharmaraj; Ramkumar, Srinivasagan; Natarajaseenivasan, Kalimuthusamy; Anbarasu, Kumarasamy","Characterization of Bacillus spp. From the Gastrointestinal Tract of Labeo rohita-Towards to Identify Novel Probiotics Against Fish Pathogens","Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology",null,null,"10.1007/s12010-014-1270-y",null,"The aim of the present study is to screen and characterize endogenous microbiota Bacillus spp. from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of Labeo rohita in order to evaluate their probiotic attributes. A total of 74 isolates from the GI of L. rohita were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties by agar well-diffusion method against fish pathogens. Based on the better antibacterial features, three isolates (KADR1, KADR3, and KADR4) were selected for further delineation. The three selected isolates exhibited higher tolerance to bile salt, moderate tolerance to low pH, high surface hydrophobicity to solvents, and capable to autoaggregate. All three isolates demonstrated notable proteolytic, catalase activity and susceptibility to various antibiotics. Partial 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the isolates exhibited 99 % sequence homology with Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus aerophilus, and Bacillus firmus of the database substantiating morphological and physiological characterization. Survivability in low pH and bile salt ensures their adaptability in the fish intestinal microenvironment. The ability to autoaggregate reveals colonization potential in the GI of the fish. Absence of hemolytic activity, antibiotic susceptibility to certain antibiotics, presence of protease and catalase activity, and non-pathogenic caliber of the above-mentioned isolates could be feasible characteristics when considering them as probiotics in the aquaculture industry.",2015,"340-353",1,175]
["ZT5EF49K","journalArticle",2019,"Charway, Grace N A; Park, Seulki; Yu, Daeung; Je, Jae-Young; Kim, Do-Hung; Jung, Won-Kyo; Kim, Young-Mog","In Vitro Antibacterial and Synergistic Effect of Chitosan-Phytochemical Conjugates Against Antibiotic Resistant Fish Pathogenic Bacteria","Indian Journal of Microbiology",null,null,"10.1007/s12088-018-0750-0",null,"Chitosan-phytochemical conjugates exhibited significant antibacterial effect with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 128 to 2048 mu g/ml against antibiotic-resistant fish pathogenic bacteria such as Edwardseilla tarda, Vibrio harveyi and Photobacterium damselaewhich were isolated from Korean cultured fish. Furthermore, the MIC values of old-fashioned antibiotics such as erythromycin and oxytertacycline drastically reduced in combination with chitosan-phytochemical conjugates against the fish pathogenic bacteria. The combination of conjugates with erythromycin and oxytetracycline gave median Sigma FIC results ranging from 0.281 to 0.625 and 0.312 to 0.625, respectively. This result indicates the synergistic antibacterial effects and an increased susceptibility against the antibiotics.",2019,"116-120",1,59]
["UHGIZQ9K","journalArticle",2003,"Doublet, B; Lailler, R; Meunier, D; Brisabois, A; Boyd, D; Mulvey, M R; Chaslus-Dancla, E; Cloeckaert, A","Variant Salmonella genomic island 1 antibiotic resistance gene cluster in Salmonella enterica serovar Albany","Emerging Infectious Diseases",null,null,"10.3201/eid0905.020609",null,"Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) contains an antibiotic resistance gene cluster and has been previously identified in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium DT104, Agona, and Paratyphi B. We identified a variant SGI1 antibiotic-resistance gene cluster in a multidrug-resistant strain of S. enterica serovar Albany isolated from food fish from Thailand and imported to France. In this strain, the streptomycin resistance aadA2 gene cassette in one of the SGI1 integrons was replaced by a dfrA1 gene cassette, conferring resistance to trimethoprim and an open reading frame of unknown function. Thus, this serovar Albany strain represents the fourth S. enterica serovar in which SGI1 has been identified and the first SGI1 example where gene cassette replacement took place in one of its integron structures. The antibiotic resistance gene cluster of serovar Albany strain 7205.00 constitutes a new SGI1 variant; we propose a name of SGI1-F.",2003,"585-591",5,9]
["F4Z5VQJ6","journalArticle",2018,"Lee, Yoonhang; Thanh Luan, Nguyen; Kim, Ahran; Kim, Nameun; Roh, Heyong Jin; Han, Hyun-Ja; Jung, Sung-Hee; Cho, Mi-Young; Kang, Ho Young; Kim, Do-Hyung","Complete Genome Sequence of Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Streptococcus parauberis Strain SPOF3K, Isolated from Diseased Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)","Microbiology Resource Announcements",null,null,"10.1128/genomeA.00248-18",null,"Here, we report the complete genome sequence of multiple-antibioticresistant Streptococcus parauberis strain SPOF3K, isolated from the kidney of a diseased olive flounder in South Korea in 2013. Sequencing using a PacBio platform yielded a circular chromosome of 2,128,740 bp and a plasmid of 23,538 bp, harboring 2,123 and 24 protein-coding genes, respectively.",2018,null,17,6]
["P8L5MLXY","journalArticle",2009,"Maki, Takeshi; Santos, Mudjekeewis D; Kondo, Hidehiro; Hirono, Ikuo; Aoki, Takashi","A Transferable 20-Kilobase Multiple Drug Resistance-Conferring R Plasmid (pKL0018) from a Fish Pathogen (Lactococcus garvieae) Is Highly Homologous to a Conjugative Multiple Drug Resistance-Conferring Enterococcal Plasmid","Applied and Environmental Microbiology",null,null,"10.1128/aem.00039-09",null,"Lactococcus garvieae, the causative agent of lactococcosis, has evolved strains that are highly resistant to antibiotics. Here, the 20,034-bp sequence of L. garvieae conjugative plasmid pKL0018 was determined. It contained two ermB genes and one tetS gene and a backbone more than 96% identical to that of pRE25, an Enterococcus faecalis plasmid from dry sausage.",2009,"3370-3372",10,75]
["39ZU69TQ","journalArticle",2009,"Beleneva, Irina A; Magarlamov, T Yu; Eliseikina, Marina G; Zhukova, Natalia V","Biochemical and pathogenic properties of the natural isolate of Shewanella algae from Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan","Journal of Invertebrate Pathology",null,null,"10.1016/j.jip.2009.09.001",null,"Pathogenic properties of the natural isolate of Shewanella algae from the coelomic fluid of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan) were investigated. The isolate had oxydative metabolism, was positive for ornithine decarboxylase, cytochrome oxidase, catalase, DNase and gelatinase, hemolytically active, did not produce acid from carbohydrates, and did not hydrolyze urea and esculin. The strain was resistant to penicillin, amoxicillin, and ampicillin and susceptible to tetracycline and carbenicillin. Among cellular fatty acids, 13:0-i, 15:0-i, 16:0, 16:1(n-7), 17:0-i, and 17:0-ai dominated. These biochemical properties made it possible to attribute the isolated bacteria to the genus Shewanella and identified as S. algae. The cells of this bacterium were introduced into the coelomic cavity of another echinoderm, the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus. As a result, in about 24 h the animals became slow and 38 days after the inoculation died. Dividing bacteria were being found during the experiment in the coelomic fluid as well as in the phagosomes of amoebocytes, i.e. cells acting as phagocytes in the coelomic fluid. The studies of the invasive properties of strain 156 showed that bacterial cells entered the subcuticular space of S. nudus and A. japonicus through the cuticle and stayed there for a long time without penetrating epithelium and exerting toxic effect upon the organisms of the laboratory animals. Pathogenic effect of S. algae can be manifested only if the cutaneous epithelium is destroyed permitting it to penetrate the lower tissue layers. The toxicity of S. algae is confirmed by in vitro experiments. The inoculation of the embryonic cells of S. nudus with samples of this bacterium caused the death of 10% of cells within an hour and 100% of cells within 12 h after inoculation. The results of the investigations demonstrate that S. algae could produce opportunistic infection in the sea cucumber A. japonicus and the sea urchin S. nudus, which may be natural reservoirs of this human pathogen. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",2009,"250-255",3,102]
["JKJFBGI7","journalArticle",2012,"Giri, Sib Sankar; Sukumaran, V; Dangi, Nitesh Kumar","Characteristics of Bacterial Isolates from the Gut of Freshwater Fish, Labeo rohita that May be Useful as Potential Probiotic Bacteria.","Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins",null,null,"10.1007/s12602-012-9119-6",null,"In this study, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro probiotic characteristics of three bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum VSG3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa VSG2, and Bacillus subtilis VSG1, isolated from the gut of Labeo rohita. The bacterial isolates tolerated low pH and high bile concentrations in the fish well. The bacterial adhesion capacity to fish intestinal mucosa revealed that the three potential probiotic isolates had a significantly higher adhesion capacity compared to the pathogenic strains tested. L. plantarum VSG3 exhibited the best adhesion capacity (19.1 %) to the intestinal mucosa. Among the isolates, L. plantarum VSG3 and P. aeruginosa VSG2 showed strong antibacterial activities against fish pathogens as measured in spent culture liquids. Moreover, all the isolates were susceptible to each tested antibiotic, which ensured their inability to exhibit antibiotic-resistance properties. Considering these promising results, selected strains should be further studied to determine their probiotic effects in vivo in fish.","2012-12","238-242",4,4]
["U2Q7J2M8","journalArticle",2012,"Han, J E; Kim, J H; Choresca, C H Jr; Shin, S P; Jun, J W; Chai, J Y; Park, S C","First description of ColE-type plasmid in Aeromonas spp. carrying quinolone resistance (qnrS2) gene.","Letters in applied microbiology",null,null,"10.1111/j.1472-765X.2012.03293.x",null,"AIMS: Isolation and full sequence analysis of ColE-type plasmid, which carries the qnrS2 gene. METHODS AND RESULTS: Quinolone resistance (qnrS2) gene-carrying plasmids were isolated from Aeromonas sobria and Aeromonas hydrophila strains, and plasmid sequencing was achieved by a primer-walking approach. The total sizes of these plasmids (pAQ2-1 and pAQ2-2) were 6900 bp and 6903 bp, respectively, and they were 99.1% identical to each other. The genes (oriV and repA) for plasmid replication were organized similar to the corresponding genes in the ColE2-type plasmids, pAsa3 and pAsa1, isolated from Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, but the gene (mobA) for mobilization was homologue to ColE1-type plasmid (pAsa2) from Aer. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Additionally, the qnrS2 gene was part of a mobile insertion cassette element in the plasmid. CONCLUSIONS: Two plasmids were assumed to be the same plasmid, and this identification of a plasmid-mediated qnrS2 gene from the two different strains underlines a possible diffusion of these resistance determinants in an aquaculture system. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first finding of the ColE-type plasmid carrying the qnrS2 gene.","2012-10","290-294",4,55]
["QH6NT363","journalArticle",2014,"Hedayatianfard, Keshvad; Akhlaghi, Mostafa; Sharifiyazdi, Hassan","Detection of tetracycline resistance genes in bacteria isolated from fish farms using polymerase chain reaction.","Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal",{"$nulls":4},"Five common tetracycline resistance genes tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), tet(O) and tet(S) were studied by polymerase chain reaction in 100 bacteria isolated from Iranian fish farms. In the antibiogram test most of the bacteria were either intermediately or completely resistant to tetracycline. Nine isolates out of 46 Aeromonas spp. contained either tet(A/M/S) resistant genes as follows: tet(A) in A. veronii/sobria (n = 1), A. media (n = 2), A. aquariorum (n = 1), and A. veronii (n = 3); tet(M) in one isolate of A. sobria and tet(S) in 1 isolate of A. jandaei. In other bacteria, tet(A) gene was detected in Citrobacter freundi (n = 1), Pseudomonas putida (n = 1); tet(S) was also identified in Yersinia ruckeri (n = 1), Arthrobacter arilaitensis (n = 1) and P. putida (n = 1). In total, 31 isolates (31.00%) contained the tetracycline resistance genes in which 21 bacteria (21.00%) showed the tet(S), nine bacteria (9.00%) contained the tet(A) and 1 bacteria (1.00%) was positive for tet(M). All of the L. garvieae isolates contained tet(S) in this study. The most widely distributed resistance gene was gene tet(A) and the least known resistance genes was tet(M) among the studied bacteria of the genus Aeromonas in this study.",2014,"269-275",4,5]
["T43ACKXW","journalArticle",2016,"Albarral, Vicenta; Sanglas, Ariadna; Palau, Montserrat; Minana-Galbis, David; Fuste, M Carmen","Potential pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila complex strains isolated from clinical, food, and environmental sources.","Canadian journal of microbiology",null,null,"10.1139/cjm-2015-0466",null,"Aeromonas are autochthonous inhabitants of aquatic environments, including chlorinated and polluted waters, although they can also be isolated from a wide variety of environmental and clinical sources. They cause infections in vertebrates and invertebrates and are considered to be an emerging pathogen in humans, producing intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. Most of the clinical isolates correspond to A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. veronii bv. Sobria, which are described as the causative agents of wound infections, septicaemia, and meningitis in immunocompromised people, and diarrhoea and dysenteric infections in the elderly and children. The pathogenic factors associated with Aeromonas are multifactorial and involve structural components, siderophores, quorum-sensing mechanisms, secretion systems, extracellular enzymes, and exotoxins. In this study, we analysed a representative number of clinical and environmental strains belonging to the A. hydrophila species complex to evaluate their potential pathogenicity. We thereby detected their enzymatic activities and antibiotic susceptibility pattern and the presence of virulence genes (aer, alt, ast, and ascV). The notably high prevalence of these virulence factors, even in environmental strains, indicated a potential pathogenic capacity. Additionally, we determined the adhesion capacity and cytopathic effects of this group of strains in Caco-2 cells. Most of the strains exhibited adherence and caused complete lysis.","2016-04","296-306",4,62]
["BCXBCHS7","journalArticle",2016,"Letchumanan, Vengadesh; Ser, Hooi-Leng; Chan, Kok-Gan; Goh, Bey-Hing; Lee, Learn-Han","Genome Sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus VP103 Strain Isolated from Shrimp in Malaysia.","Frontiers in microbiology",null,null,"10.3389/fmicb.2016.01496",null,null,2016,"1496-1496",null,7]
["96PZI9QB","journalArticle",2011,"Zheng, Beiwen; Tan, Shuguang; Gao, Jia; Han, Huiming; Liu, Jun; Lu, Guangwen; Liu, Di; Yi, Yong; Zhu, Baoli; Gao, George F","An unexpected similarity between antibiotic-resistant NDM-1 and beta-lactamase II from Erythrobacter litoralis.","Protein & cell",null,null,"10.1007/s13238-011-1027-0",null,"NDM-1 (New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase) gene encodes a metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) with high carbapenemase activity, which makes the host bacterial strain easily dispatch the last-resort antibiotics known as carbapenems and cause global concern. Here we present the bioinformatics data showing an unexpected similarity between NDM-1 and beta-lactamase II from Erythrobacter litoralis, a marine microbial isolate. We have further expressed these two mature proteins in E. coli cells, both of which present as a monomer with a molecular mass of 25 kDa. Antimicrobial susceptibility assay reveals that they share similar substrate specificities and are sensitive to aztreonam and tigecycline. The conformational change accompanied with the zinc binding visualized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Zn(2+)-bound NDM-1, adopts at least some stable tertiary structure in contrast to the metal-free protein. Our work implies a close evolutionary relationship between antibiotic resistance genes in environmental reservoir and in the clinic, challenging the antimicrobial resistance monitoring.","2011-03","250-258",3,2]
["TR5BM5AU","journalArticle",2012,"Yu, Jong Earn; Cho, Mi Young; Kim, Jin-Woo; Kang, Ho Young","Large antibiotic-resistance plasmid of Edwardsiella tarda contributes to virulence in fish.","Microbial pathogenesis",null,null,"10.1016/j.micpath.2012.01.006",null,"Edwardsiella tarda, an enteric gram negative bacterium, infects a wide range of fish and causes a systemic fish disease called edwardsiellosis. E. tarda CK41, isolated from Japanese flounder diagnosed with edwardsiellosis, has exhibited a high degree of resistance to multiple antibiotics, including kanamycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, among others. As the bacterial antibiotic-resistance genes are usually contained in plasmids, we hypothesized that E. tarda CK41 may harbor one or more plasmids for antibiotic resistance. We showed the existence of plasmids in E. tarda CK41, and the size of the plasmid, designated as pCK41, was estimated to be approximately 70 kb. Escherichia coli DH5alpha transformed by the pCK41 plasmid exhibited an antibiotic-resistance phenotype against kanamycin (30 mug/mL), tetracycline (30 mug/mL), and streptomycin (10 mug/mL), indicating the existence of at least 3 antibiotic-resistance genes in pCK41. Through a procedure for pCK41 plasmid curing, a plasmid-cured strain, designated as E. tarda CK108, was identified, which was unable to grow in the presence of either kanamycin or tetracycline. As virulence-associated genes are occasionally encoded in bacterial plasmids, we examined the virulence of E. tarda CK108 in Japanese flounder. The virulence of plasmid-cured E. tarda CK108 was lower (survival rate 80%) than that of CK41 (20%), indicating the existence of virulence-associated genes in pCK41. The strain also appeared to be attenuated in both goldfish and zebrafish pathogenesis models. To analyze genes for antibiotic resistance and virulence in pCK41, the entire nucleotide sequences of pCK41 were determined (GenBank accession number: HQ332785). A total of 84 open reading frames (ORFs) were annotated. The pCK41 plasmid consists of potential virulence genes, transposases, plasmid maintenance genes, antibiotic-resistance genes (including kanamycin, tetracycline, and streptomycin), conjugal transfer genes, and unknown ORFs. These results suggest that pCK41 is a virulence plasmid of substantial importance in the E. tarda pathogenesis to fish.","2012-05","259-266",5,52]
["F7MC9QN8","journalArticle",2012,"Han, J E; Kim, J H; Choresca, C H Jr; Shin, S P; Jun, J W; Chai, J Y; Park, S C","Prevalence of tet gene and complete genome sequencing of tet gene-encoded plasmid (pAHH01) isolated from Aeromonas species in South Korea.","Journal of applied microbiology",null,null,"10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05237.x",null,"AIMS: To investigate the tetracycline resistance related to tet genes in Aeromonas isolates collected from water and diseased fish in South Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 34 Aeromonas strains were examined for their susceptibility to tetracycline using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, and the genetic determinants (tetA to E) were analysed. Among these strains, the tetA and tetE genes were predominant (tetA was found in six strains, and tetE was found in nine strains), and 15 strains were tetracycline-resistant by the MIC assay. Additionally, the 8979-bp plasmid that contains the tetE gene was fully sequenced. CONCLUSIONS: These data may be important with regard to the spread and persistence of tetracycline resistance genes in the bacterial populations that are present in aquaculture systems. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Interestingly, no isolate has previously been shown to harbour three tet genes that are mediated by efflux systems, but the tetA, tetD and tetE genes were all isolated from one strain, which had the highest MIC value for tetracycline among the strains analysed in this study. We also investigated the full-length plasmid that encoded the tetE gene from a tetracycline-resistant strain.","2012-04","631-638",4,112]
["7PS6RR3H","journalArticle",2012,"Nonaka, Lisa; Maruyama, Fumito; Miyamoto, Manabu; Miyakoshi, Masatoshi; Kurokawa, Ken; Masuda, Michiaki","Novel conjugative transferable multiple drug resistance plasmid pAQU1 from Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae isolated from marine aquaculture environment.","Microbes and environments",null,null,"10.1264/jsme2.me11338",null,"The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is a severe problem in aquaculture. The  ability of drug resistance genes to transfer from a bacterial cell to another is thought to be responsible for the wide dissemination of these genes in the aquaculture environment; however, little is known about the gene transfer mechanisms in marine bacteria. In this study, we show that a tetracycline-resistant strain of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, isolated from seawater at a coastal aquaculture site in Japan, harbors a novel multiple drug resistance plasmid. This plasmid named pAQU1 can be transferred to Escherichia coli by conjugation. Nucleotide sequencing showed that the plasmid was 204,052 base pairs and contained 235 predicted coding sequences. Annotation showed that pAQU1 did not have known repA, suggesting a new replicon, and contained seven drug resistance genes: bla(CARB-9)-like, floR, mph(A)-like, mef(A)-like, sul2, tet(M) and tet(B). The plasmid has a complete set of genes encoding the apparatus for the type IV secretion system with a unique duplication of traA. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of relaxase encoded by traI in pAQU1 demonstrated that the conjugative transfer system of the plasmid belongs to MOB(H12), a sub-group of the MOB(H) plasmid family, closely related to the IncA/C type of plasmids and SXT/R391 widely distributed among species of Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae. Our data suggest that conjugative transfer is involved in horizontal gene transfer among marine bacteria and provide useful insights into the molecular basis for the dissemination of drug resistance genes among bacteria in the aquaculture environment.",2012,"263-272",3,27]
["F5H4FUTE","journalArticle",2017,"Sugimoto, Yuta; Suzuki, Satoru; Nonaka, Lisa; Boonla, Chanchai; Sukpanyatham, Nop; Chou, Hsin-Yiu; Wu, Jer-Horng","The novel mef(C)-mph(G) macrolide resistance genes are conveyed in the environment on various vectors","JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE",null,null,"10.1016/j.jgar.2017.03.015",null,"Background: The novel tandem genes mef(C) and mph(G) have been reported in marine bacteria in Japan. This paper aimed to characterise the extent of environmental distribution of mef(C) and mph(G) as well as their dissemination and persistence in aquatic bacterial communities. Methods: Erythromycin-resistant bacteria were isolated from Japan, Taiwan and Thailand aquaculture sites. The mef(C)-mph(G) genes were detected by PCR. The size of mobile genetic elements conveying mef (C) and mph(G) was examined by Southern blotting. The conjugation rate was assessed by filter mating. Results: The mef(C)-mph(G) tandem genes were distributed in erythromycin-resistant isolates from aquaculture seawater in Japan and northern Taiwan and in animal farm wastewater in Thailand. A total of 29 bacterial isolates were positive for mef(C)-mph(G). The genes were found on vectors of various sizes. Partial sequencing of the traI relaxase gene revealed homology with a pAQU1-like plasmid, an IncA/C-type plasmid and an SXT/R391 family integrative conjugative element (SRI) as vectors. Thirteen isolates (45%) were positive for traI(pAQU-IncA/C-SRI), whereas the others were negative. The traI(pAQU-IncA/CSRI)- positive isolates exhibited a higher transfer frequency (10 4-10 (5) transconjugants/donor) than traI (pAQU-IncA/C-SRI)-negative isolates (< 10 (9)). Conclusions: These results suggest that mef(C)-mph(G) are coded on various vectors and are distributed among marine and wastewater bacteria in Asian countries. Vectors with traI(pAQU-IncA/C-SRI) play a role in the spread of mef(C)-mph(G). (C) 2017 International Society for Chemotherapy of Infection and Cancer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","2017-09","47-53",null,10]
["A259X44R","journalArticle",2015,"Kuang, Dai; Xu, Xuebin; Meng, Jianghong; Yang, Xiaowei; Jin, Huiming; Shi, Weimin; Pan, Haijian; Liao, Ming; Su, Xudong; Shi, Xianmin; Zhang, Jianmin","Antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence gene profiles and molecular subtypes of Salmonella Newport isolated from humans and other sources","INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION",null,null,"10.1016/j.meegid.2015.10.003",null,"Salmonella Newport (S. Newport) is a major serotype associated with human salmonellosis. A total of 79 S. Newport recovered from humans and other sources in China were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence gene profiles and molecular subtypes using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Approximately 63.3% of the isolates were susceptible to all of 16 antimicrobials tested. Nearly one third of the isolates (31.6%) were resistant to sulfisoxazole, 20.3% to tetracycline and 13.9% to nalidixic acid. Twelve isolates (15.2%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. Among 10 virulence genes detected, Salmonella pathogenicity island genes avrA, ssaQ, mgtC, siiD, and sopB and fimbrial gene bcfC were present in most of the isolates (93.7% to 100%). Overall, we observed nine distinct virulence gene profiles, three of which (VP1, VP2 and VP3) were most common (86.1%). A total of 56 PFGE patterns were identified and mainly grouped into seven clusters (A to G) with 80% pattern similarity. Isolates from aquatic product shared a high similarity with those from humans in several clusters, highlighting a potential risk of aquatic product as a source of S. Newport that infect humans. Furthermore, there was a strong association between certain PFGE clusters and virulence gene profiles, suggesting virulence subtyping can be a useful epidemiological tool to discriminate S. Newport isolates. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","2015-12","294-299",null,36]
["8D6TWZMT","journalArticle",2015,"Onuk, Ertan Emek; Cayci, Yeliz Tanriverdi; Coban, Ahmet Yilmaz; Ciftci, Alper; Balta, Fikri; Didinen, Behire Isil; Altun, Soner; unlu, Mehtap Sogut; Deveci, Aydin","Detection of the First QnrS Gene Positivity in Aquatic Aeromonas spp. Isolates in Turkey","MIKROBIYOLOJI BULTENI",null,null,"10.5578/mb.8839",null,"Aeromonas spp. are oxidase positive, gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacilli that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. A.hydrophila, A.sobria and A.bestiarum may cause severe infections in both human and cold-blooded animals. Environmental persistance of quinolones that are widely used in both human and veterinary medicine plays an important role in the selection of resistant mutants. Plasm id-mediated resistance is one of the main mechanisms involved in quinolone resistance, and qnr, qepA, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxAB genes are identified as resistance determinants. Determination of various types of qnr gene in different bacteria mainly in Enterobacteriaceae, suggests that they are widely distributed in nature. Recently, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance was defined among Aeromonas species isolated from water. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of qnr genes among aquatic Aeromonas spp. in Turkey. A total of 45 Aeromonas strains isolated from water and fishes collected from three different geographical regions (Aegean, Mediterranean and Blacicsea) in Turkey, were included in the study. The isolates were identified at species level by the use of 16S rDNA-RFLP (Restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR). Among the isolates, 20 were identified as A.sobria, 10 as A.hydrophila, nine as A.salmonicida, four as A.bestiarum and two as A.veronii. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants, qnrA, qnrB, qnrC and qnrS genes, were investigated by M-PCR, and sequence analysis was performed for nine qnr-positive isolates. According to the sequence analysis of the genes, qnr genes were characterized in six A.sobria, in two A.bestiarum and in one A.hydrophila isolate (9/45; 20%). When the sequence was compared with GenBank database, this gene was found as qnrS2. All qnrS-positive Aeromonas spp. isolates were ciprofloxacin-susceptible, while five of them were resistant to nalidixic acid. This study is the first research about the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and the presence of qnrS2 genes among Aeromonas spp. isolated from fishes and water in Turkey. In conclusion, various resistance genes of aquatic bacteria may constitute a potential risk for the transmission of those genes to other bacteria as well as clinical isolates.","2015-01","114-123",1,49]
["BQ9DBBT6","journalArticle",2001,"L'Abee-Lund, T M; Sorum, H","Class 1 integrons mediate antibiotic resistance in the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida worldwide.","Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.)",null,null,"10.1089/10766290152652819",null,"The presence of class 1 integrons was investigated in 38 sulfonamide-resistant strains of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, atypical A. salmonicida and Escherichia coli conjugants with R plasmids originating from A. salmonicida. The strains originated from Finland, France, Japan, Norway, Scotland, Switzerland, and the United States. Additional resistance determinants in strains with class 1 integrons were also determined. Of 21 strains containing a class 1 integron, 19 had a single gene cassette, 1 strain had two cassettes, and 1 strain was found to lack an integrated gene cassette. In the integrons with single cassettes, aadA2 was present in eight strains, dfr16 in five strains, and aadA1 and dfrIIc in three strains each. In the integron with two cassettes, qacG and orfD were present. Tetracycline resistance was observed in 20 of the integron-positive strains, caused by the determinants Tet A and Tet E, in which Tet A frequently was associated with Tn1721. Class 1 integrons seem to be important in mediating antibiotic resistance also in the marine environment. The gene cassettes reported in this study are all described in bacteria associated with humans, and this demonstrates once more how the common gene pool is shared between organisms belonging to different environments.",2001,"263-272",3,7]

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["Key","Item Type","Publication Year","Author","Title","Publication Title","ISBN","ISSN","DOI","Url","Abstract Note","Date","Pages","Issue","Volume"]
["DFE889TH","journalArticle",2014,"Sarria-Guzmán, Y., López-Ramírez, M.P., Chávez-Romero, Y.","No TitleIdentification of Antibiotic Resistance Cassettes in Class 1 Integrons in Aeromonas spp. Strains Isolated From Fresh Fish (Cyprinus carpio L.)","Current microbiology",null,null,"10.1007/s00284-013-0511-6",null,null,2014,"581-581"]
["LFV7UNJB","journalArticle",2015,"Tomova, Alexandra; Ivanova, Larisa; Buschmann, Alejandro H.; Rioseco, Maria Luisa; Kalsi, Rajinder K.; Godfrey, Henry P.; Cabello, Felipe C.","Antimicrobial resistance genes in marine bacteria and human uropathogenic Escherichia coli from a region of intensive aquaculture","Environmental Microbiology Reports",null,null,"10.1111/1758-2229.12327",null,"© 2015 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Antimicrobials are heavily used in Chilean salmon aquaculture. We previously found significant differences in antimicrobial-resistant bacteria between sediments from an aquaculture and a non-aquaculture site. We now show that levels of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) are significantly higher in antimicrobial-selected marine bacteria than in unselected bacteria from these sites. While ARG in tetracycline- and florfenicol-selected bacteria from aquaculture and non-aquaculture sites were equally frequent, there were significantly more plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes per bacterium and significantly higher numbers of qnrB genes in quinolone-selected bacteria from the aquaculture site. Quinolone-resistant urinary Escherichia coli from patients in the Chilean aquacultural region were significantly enriched for qnrB (including a novel qnrB gene), qnrS, qnrA and aac(6′)-1b, compared with isolates from New York City. Sequences of qnrA1, qnrB1 and qnrS1 in quinolone-resistant Chilean E.coli and Chilean marine bacteria were identical, suggesting horizontal gene transfer between antimicrobial-resistant marine bacteria and human pathogens.",2015,null,5,7]
["T3EFVMC3","journalArticle",2018,"Scarano, C.; Piras, F.; Virdis, S.; Ziino, G.; Nuvoloni, R.; Dalmasso, A.; De Santis, E. P.L.; Spanu, C.","Antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas ssp. strains isolated from Sparus aurata reared in Italian mariculture farms","International Journal of Food Microbiology",null,null,"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.07.033",null,"Selective pressure in the aquatic environment of intensive fish farms leads to acquired antibiotic resistance. This study used the broth microdilution method to measure minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 15 antibiotics against 104 Aeromonas spp. strains randomly selected among bacteria isolated from Sparus aurata reared in six Italian mariculture farms. The antimicrobial agents chosen were representative of those primarily used in aquaculture and human therapy and included oxolinic acid (OXA), ampicillin (AM), amoxicillin (AMX), cephalothin (CF), cloramphenicol (CL), erythromycin (E), florfenicol (FF), flumequine (FM), gentamicin (GM), kanamycin (K), oxytetracycline (OT), streptomycin (S), sulfadiazine (SZ), tetracycline (TE) and trimethoprim (TMP). The most prevalent species selected from positive samples was Aeromonas media (15 strains). The bacterial strains showed high resistance to SZ, AMX, AM, E, CF, S and TMP antibiotics. Conversely, TE and CL showed MIC 90 values lower than breakpoints for susceptibility and many isolates were susceptible to OXA, GM, FF, FM, K and OT antibiotics. Almost all Aeromonas spp. strains showed multiple antibiotic resistance. Epidemiological cut-off values (ECVs) for Aeromonas spp. were based on the MIC distributions obtained. The results showed a high frequency of Aeromonas spp. contamination in Sparus aurata reared on the Italian coast and an elevated biodiversity in isolated bacterial strains. Aeromonas isolates comprise potentially pathogenic species for humans, often resistant to several antibiotics and able to transfer the genes responsible for antibiotic resistance to microorganisms pathogenic for humans throughout the food chain. The few ECV studies available on many antibiotics against Aeromonas spp. strains isolated from the aquaculture environment highlight the need for further research in this area, while regular monitoring programmes should be stepped up to check for antibiotic resistance.",2018,null,null,284]
["Z7RNG9E3","journalArticle",2017,"Chideroli, Roberta T.; Amoroso, Natalia; Mainardi, Raffaella M.; Suphoronski, Suelen A.; de Padua, Santiago B.; Alfieri, Alice F.; Alfieri, Amauri A.; Mosela, Mirela; Moralez, Alane T.P.; de Oliveira, Admilton G.; Zanolo, Rodrigo; Di Santis, Giovana W.; Pereira, Ulisses P.","Emergence of a new multidrug-resistant and highly virulent serotype of Streptococcus agalactiae in fish farms from Brazil","Aquaculture",null,null,"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.05.013",null,"Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the major etiological agents of streptococcosis in cultured and wild fish. Although there are ten serotypes described for this pathogen, the serotypes Ib, Ia and III are the most common fish diseases worldwide. In Brazil, only serotypes Ib and Ia have been implicated in fish disease so far, with Ia being rare. At the end of 2016, a disease outbreak resulted in high mortality rates in six tilapia farms in northeastern Brazil. Gram-positive cocci were isolated from the brain and kidney of 28 of 29 collected moribund animals, as confirmed by species-specific PCR for S. agalactiae. The isolates were resistant to all aminoglycosides tested, including sulphazotrim (sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim), tetracycline, ampicillin and all fluoroquinolones and were therefore characterized as multidrug-resistant. All of these isolates were characterized molecularly as serotype III. The biofilm formation ability of one of these isolates was higher than that of serotype Ib, which is the most frequent serotype in the country, suggesting an adaptation of the pathogen for maintenance in the aquatic environment. An experimental challenge performed with water temperatures of 22 °C and 31 °C showed mortality rates of 10% and 80%, respectively. Our findings indicate that sanitary barriers in fish culture have weak points and that field and laboratory monitoring should be intensified to prevent and control the transmission of these new strain variants to other regions. Furthermore, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains in aquatic environments, especially fish pathogens, is alarming and may have unpredictable consequences.",2017,null,null,479]
["J2CHE8X3","journalArticle",2008,"McIntosh, Douglas; Cunningham, Michelle; Ji, Baijing; Fekete, Frank A; Parry, Erin M; Clark, Sarah E; Zalinger, Zachary B; Gilg, Ilana C; Danner, G Russell; Johnson, Keith A; Beattie, Mike; Ritchie, Rachael","Transferable, multiple antibiotic and mercury resistance in Atlantic Canadian isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is associated with carriage of an IncA/C plasmid similar to the Salmonella enterica plasmid pSN254.","The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy",null,null,"10.1093/jac/dkn123",null,"OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the molecular basis for multiple antibiotic and mercury resistance in Canadian isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. METHODS: Phenotypic and genotypic methods were employed to identify plasmid-associated antibiotic and mercury resistance genes and to determine the organization of those genes in multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. salmonicida isolates. RESULTS: The MDR phenotype was transferable via conjugation using Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardseilla tarda as recipients. Antibiotic and mercury resistance genes were carried by a conjugative IncA/C plasmid. Three distinct antibiotic resistance cassettes were characterized; first a class I integron containing an aadA7 gene encoding for an aminoglycoside-3'-adenyltransferase, the second cassette showed 99.9% nucleotide sequence homology to a cassette previously identified in the Salmonella enterica IncA/C plasmid pSN254, containing floR, tetA, sulII and strA/strB sequences. The third cassette showed 100% nucleotide sequence similarity to a transposon-like element, containing a bla(CMY-2) beta-lactamase in association with sugE and blc sequences. This element is known to be widely distributed among clinical and food-borne Salmonella and other Enterobacteriaceae throughout Asia and the United States. Mercury resistance was linked to the presence of a mer operon that showed 100% nucleotide sequence homology to the mer operon carried by plasmid pSN254. CONCLUSIONS: Each MDR A. salmonicida isolate carried the same plasmid, which was related to plasmid pSN254. This is the first report of plasmid-mediated florfenicol-resistant A. salmonicida in North America. In addition, it is the first report of a plasmid-associated AmpC beta-lactamase sequence in a member of the Aeromonadaceae.","2008-06","1221-1228",6,61]
["U8X9Y7SJ","journalArticle",2018,"Ngo, T P H; Smith, P; Bartie, K L; Thompson, K D; Verner-Jeffreys, D W; Hoare, R; Adams, A","Antimicrobial susceptibility of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates from the United Kingdom.","Journal of fish diseases",null,null,"10.1111/jfd.12730",null,"Routine application of antimicrobials is the current treatment of choice for rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) or bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum. In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 133 F. psychrophilum isolates, 118 of which were from the UK, were evaluated by broth microdilution and disc diffusion methods following VET04-A2 and VET03-A guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), respectively. Isolates were categorized as wild type (fully susceptible, WT) or non-wild type (NWT) using normalized resistance interpretation (NRI)-determined cut-off values (COWT ). Broth microdilution testing showed that only 12% of UK isolates were WT to oxolinic acid (MIC COWT </= 0.25 mg/L) and 42% were WT for oxytetracycline (MIC COWT </= 0.25 mg/L). In contrast, all the isolates tested were WT (MIC COWT </= 2 mg/L) for florfenicol, the main antimicrobial for RTFS control in the UK. Disc diffusion-based COWT values were >/=51 mm for 10 mug amoxicillin, >/=44 mm for 30 mug florfenicol, >/=30 mm for 2 mug oxolinic acid and >/=51 mm for 30 mug oxytetracycline. There was a high categorical agreement between the classifications of the isolates by two testing methods for florfenicol (100%), oxytetracycline (93%) and oxolinic acid (99%).","2018-02","309-320",2,41]
["4XR7AVYU","journalArticle",2014,"Tacao, Marta; Moura, Alexandra; Correia, Antonio; Henriques, Isabel","Co-resistance to different classes of antibiotics among ESBL-producers from aquatic systems","Water Research",null,null,"10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.021",null,"In this study we investigated the co-occurrence of resistance to non-beta-lactams among cefotaxime-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers (ESBL+) versus non-ESBL producers (ESBI-), from aquatic environments. Higher prevalence of resistance to tetracycline, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides were observed in ESBL+. Among ESBL+ resistant to tetracycline (n = 18), tet(A) was detected in 88.9% and tet(B) in 16.7%. Among fluoroquinolone-resistant-ESBL+ (n = 15), aacA4-cr and qnrVC4 were identified in 26.6% and 40% strains, respectively. The qnrVC4 gene was detected for the first time in Pseudomonas sp. and Escherichia coli. Class 1 integrase genes were detected in 56.41% of ESBL+ and in 27.67% ESBL-. Gene cassette arrays identified conferred resistance to aminoglycosides (aadA-type genes and aacA4), trimethoprim (dfrA17), chloramphenicol (catB8), fluoroquinolones (qnrVC4) and beta-lactams (b(laox-10)). Conjugation experiments were performed with CTX-M-producers. Transconjugants showed multiresistance to 3 or more classes of antibiotics, and conjugative plasmids were assigned to IncF, IncK and Inch1 replicons. Results obtained showed that co-selection of resistance to aminoglycosides, quinolones and tetracyclines is prevalent among ESBL-producers and that these features are successfully mobilized by IncF, IncK and Inch 1 conjugative plasmids. This study reinforces the importance of natural aquatic systems as reservoir of mobile genetic platforms carrying multiple resistance determinants. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, this constitutes the first observation of IncK::CTX-M-3 in Aeromonas hydrophila and the first report of IncK plasmids in Portugal. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",2014,"100-107",null,48]
["MAQM8HE5","journalArticle",2018,"Soto-Rodriguez, S A; Gomez-Gil, B; Lozano-Olvera, R; Bolan-Mejia, C; Aguilar-Rendon, K G; Enciso-Ibarra, J","Pathological, Genomic and Phenotypical Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Causative Agent of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) in Mexico","Asian Fisheries Science",{"$nulls":4},"Moribund whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) affected by acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) from farms in northwestern Mexico were sampled for pathological analysis. Bacterial isolates were molecularly identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) by the presence of the tlh gene. The tdh-negative, trh-negative and tlh-positive VP strains were further characterized by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR). The VP pure strains were used in immersion challenges with shrimp, and farmed and challenged shrimp presented the same clinical and pathological signs: lethargy, empty gut, pale and aqueous hepatopancreas and expanded chromatophores. Using fresh mount, histological analysis and bacterial density count, three stages of AHNPD (initial, acute and terminal) were identified in the affected shrimp. Pathognomonic lesions indicated severe desquamation of tubular epithelial cells of the hepatopancreas. VP had different virulence and was dose dependent. VP strains showed wide tolerance to different environment conditions of temperature, salinity and pH, and pathogenic and non-pathogenic VP strains from Mexico had similar morphological and physiological characteristics but pathogenic VP strains were most sensitive to nalidixic acid and showed resistance to penicillin. Whole genomic sequence of 22 VP strains from Asia, Mexico and South America shows the presence of similar chromosomic pathogenic mechanisms, and comparative analysis by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of seven genes clearly showed that most of the isolates are independent strains.",2018,"102-111","Sp. Iss. SI",31]
["XE23IENA","journalArticle",2015,"Ceccarelli, Daniela; Chen, Arlene; Hasan, Nur A; Rashed, Shah M; Huq, Anwar; Colwell, Rita R","Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Carrying Multiple Virulence Factors and V-cholerae O1 in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland","Applied and Environmental Microbiology",null,null,"10.1128/aem.03540-14",null,"Non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae inhabits estuarine and coastal waters globally, but its clinical significance has not been sufficiently investigated, despite the fact that it has been associated with septicemia and gastroenteritis. The emergence of virulent non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae is consistent with the recognition of new pathogenic variants worldwide. Oyster, sediment, and water samples were collected during a vibrio surveillance program carried out from 2009 to 2012 in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. V. cholerae O1 was detected by a direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) assay but was not successfully cultured, whereas 395 isolates of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae were confirmed by multiplex PCR and serology. Only a few of the non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae isolates were resistant to ampicillin and/or penicillin. Most of the isolates were sensitive to all antibiotics tested, and 77 to 90% carried the El Tor variant hemolysin gene hlyA(ET), the actin cross-linking repeats in toxin gene rtxA, the hemagglutinin protease gene hap, and the type 6 secretion system. About 19 to 21% of the isolates carried the neuraminidase-encoding gene nanH and/or the heat-stable toxin (NAG-ST), and only 5% contained a type 3 secretion system. None of the non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae isolates contained Vibrio pathogenicity island-associated genes. However, ctxA, ace, or zot was present in nine isolates. Fifty-five different genotypes showed up to 12 virulence factors, independent of the source of isolation, and represent the first report of both antibiotic susceptibility and virulence associated with non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae from the Chesapeake Bay. Since these results confirm the presence of potentially pathogenic non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae, monitoring for total V. cholerae, regardless of serotype, should be done within the context of public health.",2015,"1909-1918",6,81]
["X43QMQZZ","journalArticle",2008,"Nikolakopoulou, T L; Giannoutsou, E P; Karabatsou, A A; Karagouni, A D","Prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes in Greek seawater habitats","Journal of Microbiology",null,null,"10.1007/s12275-008-0080-8","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149109280&doi=10.1007%2Fs12275-008-0080-8&partnerID=40&md5=8700aefb7c1277ac56077a70a0eb7072","The presence of selected tetracycline resistance (TcR) genes was studied in different Greek seawater habitats, originated from wastewater treatment facilities, fishfarm, and coastal environments. The methods employed included assessment of the presence of twelve gene clusters by PCR, followed by hybridization with specific probes, in habitat extracted DNA, TcR bacteria, and exogenous isolated plasmids conferring TcR. The direct DNA-based analysis showed that tet(A) and tet(K) genes were detected in all habitats, whilst tet(C) and tet(E) were present in fishfarm and wastewater effluent samples and tet(M) was detected in fish-farm and coastal samples. Resistance genes tet(h), tet(C), tet(K), and tet(M) were detected in 60 of the 89 isolates screened. These isolates were identified by fatty acid methyl ester analysis (FAME) as Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus strains. The presence of the TcR genes in 15% of the bacterial isolates coincided with the presence of IncP plasmids. A habitat-specific dissemination of IncP alpha plasmids in wastewater effluent isolates and of IncP beta plasmids in fishfarm isolates was observed. Exogenous isolation demonstrated the presence of plasmids harbouring TcR genes in all the habitats tested. Plasmids were shown to carry tet(h), tet(C), tet(E), and tet(K) genes. It is concluded that TcR genes are widespread in the seawater habitats studied and often occur on broad host range plasmids that seem to be well disseminated in the bacterial communities. © 2008 The Microbiological Society of Korea and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelber GmbH.",2008,"633-640",6,46]
["E957YPSK","journalArticle",2008,"Newaj-Fyzul, A; Mutani, A; Rarnsubhag, A; Adesiyun, A","Prevalence of bacterial pathogens and their anti-microbial resistance in Tilapia and their pond water in Trinidad","Zoonoses and Public Health",null,null,"10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01098.x",null,"In Trinidad, Tilapia (Oreonchromis spp.) is one of the most important fresh water food fish and the number of farms has been increasing annually. A study was conducted in the local tilapia industry to determine the microbial quality of pond water, prevalence of bacterial pathogens and their anti-microbial resistance using the disk diffusion method. Seventy-five apparently healthy fish and 15 pond water samples from three of the four commercial tilapia fish farms in the country were processed. The 202 bacterial isolates recovered from fish slurry and 88 from water, belonged to 13 and 16 genera respectively. The predominant bacteria from fish slurry were Pseudomonas spp. (60.0%), Aeromonas spp. (44.0%), Plesiomonas (41.3%) and Chromobacterium (36.0%) (P < 0.05; chi(2)) compared with isolates from pond water where Bacillus spp. (80.0%), Staphylococcus spp., Alcaligenes spp. and Aeromonas spp. (60.0%) were most prevalent (p < 0.05; chi(2)). Using eight anti-microbial agents, to test bacteria from five genera (Aeromonas, Chromobacterium, Enterobacter, Plesiomonas and Pseudomonas), 168 (97.1%) of 173 bacterial isolates from fish slurry exhibited resistance to one or more anti-microbial agents compared with 47 (90.4%) of 52 from water (P > 0.05; chi(2)). Resistance was high to ampicillin, 90.2% (158 of 173), erythromycin, 66.5% (115 of 173) and oxytetracycline, 52.6%, (91 of 173) but relatively low to chloramphenicol, 9.8% (17 of 173) and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 6.4% (11 of 173) (P < 0.05; chi(2)). For pond water isolates, the frequency of resistance across bacterial genera ranged from 75% (nine of 12) for Chromobacter spp. to 100% found amongst Enterobacter spp. (six of six), Plesiomonas spp. (nine of nine) and Pseudomonas spp. (eight of eight) (P < 0.05; chi(2)). Resistance was generally high to ampicillin, 78.8% (41 of 52), erythromycin, 51.9% (27 of 52) and oxytetracycline, 34.5% (18 of 52) but low to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 7.7% (four of 52) and norfloxacin, 3.8% (two of 52) (P < 0.05; chi(2)). It was concluded that the rather high prevalence of bacterial pathogens in tilapia along with their high prevalence of resistance to anti-microbial agents might. pose therapeutic problems as well as health risk to consumers. The microbial presence and their anti-microbial resistance in the tilapia industry are being reported for the first time in the country.",2008,"206-213",4,55]
["K8CSSVV9","journalArticle",2009,"Fernandez-Delgado, Milagro; Suarez, Paula","Multiple antibiotic resistances of enteric bacteria isolated from recreational coastal waters and oysters of the Caribbean Sea","Annals of Microbiology",null,null,"10.1007/bf03175123",null,"This study investigated the antibiotic resistance of enteric bacteria and their association with environmental factors in a coastal area of the Caribbean Sea. Seawater and oyster samples were collected during rainy and dry seasons. Faecal indicators of seawater fulfilled international standards, except for enterococci during dry season, while in oysters were above 800 MPN/g tissue. Different cultural methods were used to isolate enteric bacteria, further identified by biochemical tests for species of the genera Escherichia, Providencia, Kluyvera, Citrobacter, Morganella, Klebsiella and Enterococcus. A total of 21 isolates presented multiple antibiotic resistances at least to five antibiotics, with higher resistance for Enterococcus durans against 20 antibiotics tested (20/20), followed by Escherichia coli (9/20). Enteric bacteria isolated from any sample source during the rainy season presented the highest antimicrobial resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins. This is the first report of multiple antibiotic resistances in enteric environmental isolates at the Caribbean Sea. This coastal environment might serve as a reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria and might represent public health risks associated with the use of recreational waters and the consumption of raw seafood.",2009,"409-414",3,59]
["CGCF6CZD","journalArticle",2011,"Rodrigues de Melo, Ligia Maria; Almeida, Dulce; Hofer, Ernesto; Falavina dos Reis, Cristhiane Moura; Diogo Theophilo, Grace Nazareth; das Merces Santos, Andre Felipe; Silva dos Fernandes Vieira, Regine Helena","ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS ISOLATED FROM POND-REARED LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI MARKETED IN NATAL, BRAZIL","Brazilian Journal of Microbiology",null,null,"10.1590/s1517-83822011000400032",null,"Ten out of fifty fresh and refrigerated samples of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) collected from retailers in Natal (Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil) tested positive for Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The Kanagawa test and multiplex PCR assays were used to detect TDH and TRH hemolysins and the tdh, trh and tlh genes, respectively. All strains were Kanagawa-negative and tlh-positive. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done for seven antibiotics by the agar diffusion technique. Five strains (50%) presented multiple antibiotic resistance to ampicillin (90%) and amikacin (60%), while two strains (20%) displayed intermediate-level resistance to amikacin. All strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol. Intermediate-level susceptibility and/or resistance to other antibiotics ranged from 10 to 90%, with emphasis on the observed growing intermediate-level resistance to ciprofloxacin. Half our isolates yielded a multiple antibiotic resistance index above 0.2 (range: 0.14-0.29), indicating a considerable risk of propagation of antibiotic resistance throughout the food chain.",2011,"1463-1469",4,42]
["PKUNBNPK","journalArticle",1997,"Arvanitidou, M; Tsakris, A; Constantinidis, T C; Katsouyannopoulos, V C","Transferable antibiotic resistance among Salmonella strains isolated from surface waters","Water Research",null,null,"10.1016/s0043-1354(96)00340-5",null,"Resistance to 20 antimicrobials was tested in 79 Salmonella strains isolated from river and lake waters in northern Greece. Of the strains, 19 (24.1%) exhibited resistance to one or more of the antibiotics while single, double and multiple resistances were oberved in 12.7, 6.3 and 5.1% of the isolates, respectively. Streptomycin resistance was the most common and nine different antibiotic resistance patterns were recorded in total. All of the strains were susceptible to amoxycillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, colistin, amikacin and apramycin. Among the resistant salmonellas, five (26.3%) were able to transfer R factors to the Escherichia coli recipient. Resistance to ampicillin and ticarcillin was transferable in four cases, resistance to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim and sulfafurazole in two cases, whereas resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, spectinomycin, kanamycin and tetracycline was transferable in one case. Chloramphenicol resistance, in one of the two cases, was transferable only after mobilization with the X+ Factor while streptomycin resistance, although prevailing, was not found to be transferable even after mobilization. The geometric means of the fecal indicator bacteria, i.e. total coliforms, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci did not significantly differ between samples with antibiotic sensitive and resistant Salmonella isolates. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.",1997,"1112-1116",5,31]
["69ASSDC4","journalArticle",2014,"Moore, John E; Huang, Junhua; Yu, Pengbo; Ma, Chaofeng; Moore, Peter Ja; Millar, Beverley C; Goldsmith, Colin E; Xu, Jiru","High diversity of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance in salmonid fish  farm pond water as determined by molecular identification employing 16S rDNA PCR, gene sequencing and total antibiotic susceptibility techniques.","Ecotoxicology and environmental safety",null,null,"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.05.022",null,"The aim of this study was to examine the microbiological and related parameters (antibiotic resistance and pathogen identification) of water at two salmonid fish farms in Northern Ireland. Total Bacterial Counts at the Movanagher Fish Farm was 1730 colony forming units (cfu)/ml water (log10 3.24cfu/ml) and 3260cfu/ml (log10 3.51cfu/ml) at the Bushmills Salmon Station. Examination of resulting organisms revealed 10 morphological phenotypes, which were subsequently sequenced to determine their identification. All these organisms were Gram-negative and no Gram-positive organisms were isolated from any water sample. From these phenotypes, eight different genera were identified including Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Chryseobacterium, Erwinia, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas and Rheinheimera. One unnamed novel taxon was identified from water at the Movanagher Fish Farm, belonging to the genus Acinetobacter and has been tentatively named Acinetobacter movanagherensis. No other novel taxa were observed. All but one of these environmental organisms (Erwinia) are potential pathogens of fish disease. Total antibiotic resistance was observed to varying degrees in water specimens. The most resistant populations were observed in water taken from the Bushmills Salmon Station inlet, followed by water from the Movanagher Fish Farm. No resistance was observed against tetracycline and there was only one occurrence of resistance against ciprofloxacin. Overall, this study indicates that potential fish pathogens made up the majority of environmental organisms identified, even in the absence of recorded fish disease. There was also relatively high levels of total antibiotic resistance in the bacterial water populations examined, where tetracycline was the only antibiotic with zero resistance. These data indicate that the threat of bacterial disease is relatively close due to the indigenous colonization of farm water and that husbandry standards should be maintained at a high standard to avert bacterial disease outbreaks, rather than relying on the absence of specific pathogens in the immediate farm environment.","2014-10","281-286",null,108]
["KX45KT64","journalArticle",2018,"Vitas, Ana Isabel; Naik, Dixita; Perez-Etayo, Lara; Gonzalez, David","Increased exposure to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae through the consumption of chicken and sushi products.","International journal of food microbiology",null,null,"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.01.026",null,"The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and patterns of resistance  of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae in food products purchased in Navarra, northern Spain. A total of 174 samples of fish and chicken were analyzed from September 2015 to September 2016, including raw and ready-to-eat products: trout (n=25), salmon (n=28), panga (n=13), chicken nuggets and chicken scalopes (n=32), sushi (n=31) and sliced cooked poultry (n=45). Cefpodoxime-resistant strains were isolated on ChromID ESBL agar and further phenotypic (antimicrobial study on MicroScan(c) NM37 panel) and genotypic characterization (multiplex PCR, sequencing and multi-locus sequence typing, MLST) was performed to confirm and characterize ESBL producers. Raw chicken and sushi have been determined as the most risky products regarding transmission of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (occurrence 53.1% and 19.4%, respectively), while sliced cooked poultry products appear to be a safe product in this aspect. With regard to raw fish, prevalence in salmon was lower (3.6%) than in trout and panga (16.0%). Ninety-eight per cent of ESBL isolates (n=50) show multidrug-resistant profiles, highlighting the high resistances against quinolones and tetracyclines observed in chicken isolates, as well as against ertapenem and chloramphenicol in sushi strains. Predominant beta-lactamase type was SHV-12 (50.1%), followed by TEM-type (24.5%) and CTX-M (20.8%). In addition, CTX-M type was only detected in chicken products. The phylogenetic study showed the prevalence of groups A (35%), F (25%) and B1 (15%), usually related to nonvirulent strains. MLST E. coli isolates (n=20) were grouped into 5 clonal complexes (CC) and 15 sequence types (ST), showing high clonal diversity. ST117 was the prevalent sequence type, while the human pathogen ST131 was not detected in this study. The high prevalence of ESBL-producing multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae detected in products of widespread consumption such as chicken and sushi, increases the concern regarding human exposure to superbugs and encourages the need to improve surveillance of this public health issue.","2018-03","80-86",null,269]
["ZRRQRSJH","journalArticle",2018,"Ahmed, Heba A; El Bayomi, Rasha M; Hussein, Mohamed A; Khedr, Mariam H E; Abo Remela, Etab M; El-Ashram, Ahmed M M","Molecular characterization, antibiotic resistance pattern and biofilm formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae isolated from crustaceans and humans.","International journal of food microbiology",null,null,"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.03.013",null,"Human infection with pathogenic vibrios is associated with contaminated seafood consumption. In the present study, we examined 225 crustaceans collected from retail markets in Egypt. Stool samples from gastroenteritis patients were also examined. Bacteriological and molecular examinations revealed 34 (15.1%) V. parahaemolyticus and 2 (0.9%) V. cholerae from crustaceans, while V. parahaemolyticus isolates were identified in 3 (3%) of the human samples. The virulence-associated genes tdh and/or trh were detected in 5.9% and 100% of the crustacean and human samples, respectively, whereas the two V. cholerae isolates were positive for the ctx and hlyA genes. Antibiotic sensitivity revealed high resistance of the isolates to the used antibiotics and an average MAR index of 0.77. Biofilm formation at different temperatures indicated significantly higher biofilm formation at 37 degrees C and 25 degrees C compared with 4 degrees C. Frequent monitoring of seafood for Vibrio species and their antibiotic, molecular and biofilm characteristics is essential to improve seafood safety.","2018-06","31-37",null,274]