The data used to generate these plots in Extended Data Fig. 7 are provided in Supplementary Data Table 1. Note that these are raw data; weighted bootstrap resampling has been applied in the plots using the approach described in the Methods section.

These data are from the following sources:

Hoernle, K., et al. Origin of Indian Ocean Seamount Province by shallow recycling of continental lithosphere. Nature Geoscience, 4(12):883–887, 2011.

Dürkefälden, A. et al. Geochemical and temporal evolution of Indian MORB mantle revealed by the Investigator Ridge in the NE Indian Ocean. Gondwana Research, 134:347–364, 2024.