\documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{enumerate} \usepackage{natbib} \usepackage{url} % not crucial - just used below for the URL \usepackage{authblk} \usepackage{longtable, rotating} \usepackage{lscape} %\usepackage[margin=3.5cm]{geometry} \usepackage{setspace} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{listings, tabularx, booktabs} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{caption, subcaption} \usepackage{mathtools} \usepackage{xcolor} \usepackage{xurl} %\pdfminorversion=4 % NOTE: To produce blinded version, replace "0" with "1" below. \newcommand{\blind}{0} % DON'T change margins - should be 1 inch all around. \addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-.5in}% \addtolength{\evensidemargin}{-.5in}% \addtolength{\textwidth}{1in}% \addtolength{\textheight}{1.3in}% \addtolength{\topmargin}{-.8in}% % \usepackage{lineno} \usepackage{filecontents} \begin{filecontents}{GPCref_jabref_insert.bib} @article{Tella2016, author = {Oluwaseun Tella}, title = {A declining or stable image? An assessment of the {United States}' soft power in {A}frica}, journal = {South African Journal of International Affairs}, volume = {23}, number = {2}, pages = {151-166}, year = {2016} } @misc{Pew2022, author = {Connaughton, Aidan}, year = {2022}, title = {Prevailing view among Americans is that {U.S.} influence in the world is weakening – and {C}hina’s is growing}, institute = {Pew Research Center}, howpublished = {Accessed on August 10, 2022 at \url{https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/06/23/prevailing-view-among-americans-is-that-u-s-influence-in-the-world-is-weakening-and-chinas-is-growing/}} } @misc{Blanchette2021, author = {Jude Blanchette}, title = {Beijing's visions of {A}merican decline}, journal = {Politico, China Watcher}, year = {2021}, howpublished = {Accessed on August 10, 2022 at \url{https://www.politico.com/newsletters/politico-china-watcher/2021/03/11/beijings-visions-of-american-decline-492064}} } @misc{Barry2022, author = {Eloise Barry}, title = {The Summit of the {A}mericas Was Meant To Counter {C}hina’s Influence. Instead, It Showed How Weak the {U.S.} Is}, journal = {Time magazine}, year = {2022}, howpublished = {Accessed on August 10, 2022 at \url{https://time.com/6186494/americas-summit-biden-china/} }} @misc{Doshi2021, author = {Rush Doshi}, title = {The long game: {C}hina's grand strategy to displace {A}merican order}, institute = {Brookings Institute}, year = {2022}, howpublished = {Accessed on August 10, 2022 at \url{https://www.brookings.edu/essay/the-long-game-chinas-grand-strategy-to-displace-american-order/} } } @article{Brands2017, author ={Hal Brands}, title = {Six Propositions about Great Power Competition and Revisionism in the 21st Century}, journal = {The Future of the Global Order Colloquium}, year = {2017}, institution = {Perry World House}} @article{Debisa2021, author = {{Negasa Gelana} Debisa}, editor = {Greg Simons}, title = {Security diplomacy as a response to {Horn of Africa’s} security complex: {Ethio-US} partnership against {al-Shabaab}}, journal = {Cogent Social Sciences}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {1893423}, year = {2021}, doi = {10.1080/23311886.2021.1893423}, } @book{Copeland2015, author = {Dale Copeland}, publisher = {Princeton University Press}, title = {Economic Interdependence and War}, year = {2015}, address ={Princeton}, } @book{Darwin1859, author = {Charles Darwin and Leonard Kebler}, publisher = {J. Murray}, title = {On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or, The preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life}, year = {1859}, address ={London}, } @book{Gause1934, author = {G.F. Gause}, publisher = {The Williams and Wilkins Co.}, title = {The Struggles for Existence}, year = {1934}, address ={Baltimore}, } @Article{Lake2018, author = {David Lake}, title = {Economic Openness and Great Power Competition: Lessons for {China and the United States}}, issue = {3}, volume = {11}, journal = {The Chinese Journal of International Politics}, year = {2018}, } @Misc{GDELT2015, author = {{GDELT}}, howpublished = {Available at \url{http://data.gdeltproject.org/documentation/GDELT-Event_Codebook-V2.0.pdf} (2022/01/30)}, title = {The {GDELT} event database data format codebook v2.0}, year = {2015}, organization = {{GDELT} PROJECT}, } @Article{Qiao2017, author = {Fengcai Qiao and Pei Li and Xin Zhang and Zhaoyun Ding and Jiajun Cheng and Hui Wang}, journal = {Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society}, title = {Predicting Social Unrest Events with Hidden Markov Models Using GDELT}, year = {2017}, issn = {1026-0226}, pages = {1-13}, volume = {2017}, doi = {10.1155/2017/8180272}, publisher = {Hindawi}, url = {https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ddns/2017/8180272/}, } @InCollection{Galla2018, author = {Divyanshi Galla and James Burke}, booktitle = {Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {Predicting Social Unrest Using {GDELT}}, year = {2018}, editor = {Petra Perner}, pages = {103-116}, volume = {Part 2}, } @Article{Kwak2014, author = {Haewoon Kwak and Jisun An}, journal = {CoRR}, title = {Understanding News Geography and Major Determinants of Global News Coverage of Disasters}, year = {2014}, volume = {abs/1410.3710}, bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}, biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/KwakA14.bib}, eprint = {1410.3710}, eprinttype = {arXiv}, timestamp = {Mon, 13 Aug 2018 16:47:21 +0200}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1410.3710}, } @TechReport{Mazarr2018, author = {Michael Mazarr}, date = {2018}, institution = {RAND Corporation}, title = {Understanding the Emerging Era of International Competition}, year = {2018}, } @Article{McNulty1968, author = {Paul McNulty}, title = {Economic Theory and the Meaning of Competition}, issue = {4}, volume = {82}, journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics}, year = {1968}, pages = {639-656}, } @Misc{MFA2022, author = {MFA}, title = {{China-South Af}rican Relations on Fast Track}, howpublished = {Available at \url{https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cezanew/eng/zngx/gk/t942572.htm#:~:text=Since%202009%2C%20China%20has%20become,quarter%20of%20China%2DAfrica%20trade} (2022/07/20)}, organization = {China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs}, year = {2022}, } @Report{Adetokunbo2017, author = {Abiodun Adetokunbo}, year = {2017}, institution = {University of Ibadan}, title = {NIGERIA − {R}USSIA BILATERAL RELATIONS:PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS}, type = {resreport}, doi = {10.22363/2312-8674-2017-16-3-477-490}, } @Article{Ogunrinu2018, author = {{Shiitu Adewole} Raji and Adenike Ogunrinu}, year = {2018}, journaltitle = {Brazilian Journal of African Studies}, title = {CHINESE INVESTMENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR {N}IGERIA’SECONOMIC SECURITY}, type = {resreport}, } @Misc{AfricanAffairs2021, author = {{Bureau of African Affairs}}, year = {2021}, institution = {US Department of State}, title = {{U.S.} Relations With {N}igeria}, howpublished = {Accessed on August 8, 2022 at \url{https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-nigeria/}}, } @Book{Klingensmith, author = {J. Zachary Klingensmith}, date = {2020-08-26}, title = {Introduction to Microeconomics}, url = {https://psu.pb.unizin.org/introductiontomicroeconomics/chapter/chapter-7-perfect-competition/}, } @Misc{Mpungose2019, author = {Luanda Mpungose}, year = {2019}, journal = {Daily Maverick}, title = {{BRICS} energy cooperation: Why {R}ussia and {South Africa} still need each other}, howpublished = {Accessed on August 8, 2022 at \url{https://saiia.org.za/research/brics-energy-cooperation-why-russia-and-south-africa-still-need-each-other/}}, } @Article{Tella2017, author = {Oluwaseun Tella}, year = {2017}, journaltitle = {Politikon South African Journal of Political Studies}, title = {{South Africa in BRICS}: The Regional Power’s Soft Power and Soft Balancing}, doi = {10.1080/02589346.2017.1295620}, type = {resreport}, } @book{Toynbee1925, author = {Arnold J Toynbee}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {The world after the Peace conference being an epilogue to the 'History of the Peace conference of Paris' and a prologue to the 'Survey of international affairs, 1920-1923'}, year = {1925}, } @TechReport{Hill2021, author = {Thomas Hill and Sarah Yerkes}, date = {2021-02-23}, institution = {Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}, title = {A New Strategy for {US} Engagement in {N}orth {A}frica: A Report of the {N}orth {A}frica Working Group}, howpublished = {Available at \url{https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/02/23/new-strategy-for-u.s.-engagement-in-north-africa-report-of-north-africa-working-group-pub-83926} (2022/04/05)}, } @TechReport{BSCAA2020, author = {BSCAA}, institution = {Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs}, title = {United {S}tates Strategy for {Central Asia} 2019-2025: Advancing Sovereignty and Economic Prosperity}, url = {https://tj.usembassy.gov/united-states-strategy-for-central-asia-2019-2025-advancing-sovereignty-and-economic-prosperity/}, address = {U.S. Embassy Dushanbe}, month = {2}, year = {2020}, } @TechReport{Rumer2016, author = {Eugene Rumer and Richard Sokolsky and Paul Stronski}, institution = {Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}, title = {{U.S.} Policy Toward {Central A}sia 3.0}, url = {https://carnegieendowment.org/2016/01/25/u.s.-policy-toward-central-asia-3.0-pub-62556}, day = {25}, month = {1}, year = {2016}, } @TechReport{Menon2019, author = {Rhea Menon and Sharanya Rajiv}, institution = {Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India}, title = {India-{K}azakhstan Relations}, url = {https://carnegieindia.org/2019/12/01/reintegrating-central-asia-pub-80685}, month = {12}, year = {2019}, } @TechReport{Mashino2020, author = {Ito Mashino}, institution = {Mitsui \& Co. Global Strategic Studies Institute}, title = {The Future of the {M}iddle {E}ast caught between {US-China and US-Russia} Rivalry}, address = {Tokyo, Jap an}, month = {8}, year = {2020}, } } @Misc{Motamedi2021, author = {Maziar Motamedi}, title = {Iran and {C}hina sign 25-year cooperation agreement}, howpublished = {Available at \url{https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/27/iran-and-china-sign-25-year-cooperation-agreement-in-tehran} (2022/04/05)}, journal = {Al Jazeera Media Network}, month = {3}, year = {2021}, } @Misc{Karmanau2019, author = {Yuras Karmanau}, title = {Naval base in {S}yria anchors {R}ussia to {M}editerranean}, howpublished = {Available at \url{https://www.navytimes.com/news/your-navy/2019/09/27/naval-base-in-syria-anchors-russia-to-mediterranean/} (2022/04/05)}, journal = {The Associated Press}, month = {9}, year = {2019}, } @TechReport{Karmon2018 , author = {Ely Karmon}, institution = {Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Reichman University}, title = {Russia in the {Middle East} - The {Sunni} Connection}, pages = {1-7}, url = {https://www.idc.ac.il/he/research/ips/documents/publication/5/elykarmonrussiamiddleeastjuly2018.pdf}, address = {Herzliya, Israel}, month = {8}, year = {2018}, } @TechReport{Bell2020, author = {Bell Michael}, institution = {Atlantic Council}, title = {UNITED {S}TATES INTERESTS AND POLICY CHOICES IN THE {M}IDDLE {E}AST: We didn't start the fire...}, url = {https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/united-states-interests-and-policy-choices-in-the-middle-east-we-didnt-start-the-fire/}, address = {Washington, DC}, isbn = {9781619771536}, month = {12}, year = {2020}, } @TechReport{Cox2018, author = {Cox, Michael}, institution = {CIMB ASEAN Research Institute \& LSE IDEAS}, title = {China's {Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Southeast Asia}}, url = {https://www.cariasean.org/publications/chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-bri-and-southeast-asia-publication/}, address = {Kuala Lumpur}, month = {10}, publisher = {CIMB Southeast Asia Research Sdn Bhd (CARI)}, year = {2018}, } @TechReport{USTR2021, author = {USTR}, institution = {Office of United States Trade Representative}, title = {Association of {Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)}}, url = {https://ustr.gov/countries-regions/southeast-asia-pacific/association-southeast-asian-nations-asean}, address = {Washington, DC}, year = {2021}, } @TechReport{Rajendram2014, author = {Danielle Rajendram}, institution = {Lowy Institute for International Policy}, title = {India's new {A}sia-{P}acific strategy: {M}odi acts {E}ast}, url = {https://www.lowyinstitute.org/sites/default/files/indias-new-asia-pacific-strategy-modi-acts-east.pdf}, address = {Sydney, AU}, month = {12}, year = {2014}, } @Article{Yasmin2019, author = {Lailufar Yasmin}, title = {India and {China in South Asia}: {B}angladesh's Opportunities and Challenges}, issn = {0976-3996}, issue = {3}, volume = {10}, journal = {Millennial Asia}, month = {4}, year = {2019}, } @Article{Asiryan2020, author = {Alekse Asiryan and Yiming He}, title = {The Dynamics of Sino-Russian Relations in Central Asia Written }, organization = {{E-International Relations}}, day = {25}, howpublishe = {Available at \url{https://www.e-ir.info/2020/10/25/the-dynamics-of-sino-russian-relations-in-central-asia/} (2022/04/05)}, issn = {2053-8626}, month = {10}, year = {2020}, } @article{Kothari2018, author = {Raj Kothari}, journal = {Asian Journal of Political Science}, month = {4}, pages = {23-32}, title = {India's Strategic Interests in {Central A}sia in the Post-{S}oviet Years: Expanding Vistas of Partnership}, volume = {4}, year = {2018}, } @techreport{Thornton2020, author = {Susan A Thornton}, institution = {The Brookings Institution}, title = {China in {Central Asia}: Is {China} winning the ``new great game" ?}, howpublished = {Accessed on August 8, 2022 at \url{https://www.brookings.edu/research/china-in-central-asia-is-china-winning-the-new-great-game/}}, year = {2020}, } @Misc{Ferreira2019, author = {Liane Ferreira}, title = {Chinese investment in {A}ngola exceeds \$20 billion}, howpublished = {Available at \url{https://news.cgtn.com/news/2019-09-27/Chinese-investment-in-Angola-exceeds-20-billion--KkluSMHALC/index.html} (2022/04/05)}, institution = {CGTN}, month = {9}, year = {2019}, } @TechReport{Kachur2020, author = {Dzvinka Kachur}, institution = {South African Institute of International Affairs}, title = {African perspectives Global insights {R}ussia's Resurgence in {Africa: Z}imbabwe and {M}ozambique Special Report}, url = {https://www.kas.de/documents/261596/261645/SAIIA+Special+Report+Resurgence+of+Russia++in+Africa+-+Zimbabwe+and+Mozambique.pdf/38b21012-c390-ef27-bf04-758e3ce1015e?t=1606775181520}, address = {Johannesburg, South Africa}, month = {11}, year = {2020}, } @article{Fabricius2021, author = {Peter Fabricius}, journal = {Daily Maverick}, month = {3}, title = {US military joins the fight against {I}sis in {M}ozambique}, year = {2021}, } @misc{BAA2019, author = {{Bureau of African Affairs}}, institution = {US Department of State}, title = {{U.S.} Relations With {A}ngola - {United States} Department of State}, howpublished = {Accessed on August 8, 2022 at \url{https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-angola/}}, year = {2019}, } @TechReport{Cook2020, author = {Nicolas Cook}, institution = {Congressional Research Service}, title = {South {A}frica: Current Issues, Economy, and {U.S.} Relations}, address = {Washington, DC}, howpublished = {Available at \url{https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R45687.pdf} (2022/04/05)}, month = {9}, year = {2020}, } @TechReport{AFDB2019, author = {AFDB}, institution = {African Development Bank Group}, title = {Southern {A}frica Economic Outlook 2019, Macroeconomic performance and prospects Regional integration and private sector development}, address = {Abidjan, C\^{o}te d’Ivoire}, isbn = {978-9938-882-98-8}, publisher = {African Development Bank Group}, year = {2019}, } @Misc{AJ2020, journal = {Al Jazeera Media Network}, month = {12}, title = {{French and Russian} Facebook trolls fight it out in {CAR} elections}, year = {2020}, } @Article{Korkmaz2019, author = {Tugba Korkmaz}, title = {'La {F}rancafrique': The Special Relationship Between {F}rance and Its Former Colonies in {A}frica}, journal = {Insamer}, month = {8}, year = {2019}, } @Misc{Signe2019, author = {Landry Signe}, date = {2019-02-05}, title = {France-{A}frica relations challenged by {China and the European Union}}, url = {https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2019/02/05/france-africa-relations-challenged-by-china-and-the-european-union/}, journal = {The Brookings Institution}, } @Misc{Albert2017, author = {Eleanor Albert}, title = {China in {A}frica}, howpublished = {Available at \url{https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china-africa} (2022/04/05)}, organization = {Council on Foreign Relations}, day = {12}, month = {7}, year = {2017}, } @TechReport{WB2020, author = {{World Bank}}, title = {The {World Bank in Western and Central Africa}}, url = {https://www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr/western-and-central-africa}, address = {Washington, DC}, journal = {The World Bank}, month = {7}, year = {2020}, } @Article{Ismail2019, author = {Yacqub Ismail}, title = {France's Strategic Footprint in {East A}frica}, journal = {International Policy Digest}, month = {6}, year = {2019}, } @Article{Krukowska2018, author = {Monika Krukowska}, title = {China's economic expansion in {A}frica-selected aspects}, doi = {10.4467/23539496IB.18.006.9379}, issn = {23006102}, volume = {37}, journal = {International Business and Global Economy}, year = {2018}, } @TechReport{Ramani2020, author = {Samuel Ramani}, institution = {Foreign Policy Research Institute}, title = {Engaged Opportunism {R}ussia's Role in the {Horn of A}frica}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, month = {7}, year = {2020}, } @TechReport{Fowler2019, author = {Conor Fowler}, institution = {Future Directions International}, title = {French Foreign Policy in {East Africa}: Not Without Challenges, but Promising Signs Exist}, url = {https://www.futuredirections.org.au/publication/french-foreign-policy-in-east-africa-not-without-challenges-but-promising-signs-exist/}, address = {Perth, AU}, month = {5}, year = {2019}, } @TechReport{Vertin2020, author = {Zach Vertin}, institution = {The Brookings Institution}, title = {Great {P}ower Rivalry in the {Red Sea}: {C}hina's Experiment in {D}jibouti and Implications for the {United S}tates}, url = {https://www.brookings.edu/research/great-power-rivalry-in-the-red-sea/}, address = {Washington, DC}, month = {6}, year = {2020}, } @TechReport{Human2017, author = {{Humanitarian Foresight Think Thank}}, institution = {Institut de Relations Internationales et Strategiques (IRIS)}, title = {EAST {A}FRICA AND THE {H}ORN IN 2022: An Outlook for Strategic Positioning in the Region}, url = {https://www.iris-france.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/OBS-Prospective-huma-East-Africa-Horn-mars-2017.pdf}, address = {Paris, France}, month = {3}, year = {2017}, } @TechReport{ORourke2021, author = {Ronald O'Rourke}, institution = {Congressional Research Service}, title = {Renewed {Great Power Competition}: Implications for Defense-Issues for Congress}, pages = {1-56}, url = {https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R43838}, address = {Washington, DC}, month = {3}, year = {2021}, } @Book{Begon2006, author = {Michael Begon and Colin Townsend and John Harper}, title = {Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems}, edition = {4}, isbn = {978-1-4051-1117-1}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing}, city = {Malden, MA}, year = {2006}, } @TechReport{Atwal2016, author = {{Sarabinder Singh} Atwal}, institution = {Air War College Air University}, title = {INDIA'S GROWING INFLUENCE IN STABILIZING REGIONAL SECURITY IN {Southeast Asia}}, address = {Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama}, howpublished = {Available at \url{https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1037531.pdf} (2022/04/05)}, month = {2}, year = {2016}, } @TechReport{Madan2020, author = {Tanvi Madan}, institution = {The Brookings Institution}, title = {Managing {C}hina: Competitive Engagement, with {I}ndian Characteristics}, url = {https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/FP_202002_china_india_madan.pdf}, address = {Washington, DC}, month = {2}, year = {2020}, } @TechReport{Yau2020, author = {{Niva Yau Tsz} Yan}, institution = {Foreign Policy Research Institute}, title = {Russia and {C}hina's Quiet Rivalry in {Central A}sia}, url = {https://www.fpri.org/article/2020/09/russia-and-chinas-quiet-rivalry-in-central-asia/}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, month = {9}, year = {2020}, } @TechReport{CRS2021, author = {CRS}, institution = {Congressional Research Service}, title = {{U.S.-C}hina Strategic Competition in {South and East China S}eas: Background and Issues for Congress}, url = {https://news.usni.org/2021/02/10/report-on-u-s-china-competition-in-east-south-china-sea-6}, address = {Washington, DC}, month = {3}, year = {2021}, } @TechReport{Schwartz2019, author = {Paul Schwartz and Dmitry Gorenburg}, institution = {Institut francais des relations internationales}, title = {Russia's Relations with {Southeast Asia}}, address = {Paris, France}, isbn = {9782365679824}, month = {3}, year = {2019}, } @Misc{Lowy2021, author = {{Lowy Institute}}, howpublished = {Accessed at \url{https://power.lowyinstitute.org/} on 2022 July 6.}, title = {Asia Power Index}, year = {2021}, } @Misc{Bolonina2019, author = {Aleksandra Bolonina}, title = {Security Dimension of {China's} Presence in {Central Asia} Asia Focus #108 Asia Programme}, organization = {{Institut de Relations Internationales et Strategiques}}, city = {Paris, France}, month = {4}, series = {Asia Focus #108 Asia Programme}, year = {2019}, } @report{Mulugeta2020, author = {Messay Mulugeta}, journal = {CACS}, publisher = {University of Johannesburg}, title = {Chinese investment in {E}thiopia continues despite COVID-19}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341399373}, year = {2020}, } @Misc{Che2019, author = {{Afa'anwi Ma'abo} Che}, title = {China's Rise in the {African} {F}ranc Zone and {F}rance's Containment Policy}, howpublished = {Available at \url{https://www.e-ir.info/2019/08/07/chinas-rise-in-the-african-franc-zone-and-frances-containment-policy/} (2022/04/05)}, organization = {{E-International Relations}}, month = {8}, year = {2019}, } @TechReport{Samaranayake2019, author = {Nilanthi Samaranayake}, institution = {United States Institute of Peace}, title = {China's Engagement with Smaller {South A}sian Countries}, url = {www.usip.org}, address = {Washington, DC}, issue = {446}, month = {4}, year = {2019}, } @report{Weiss1980, author = {Kenneth G Weiss}, city = {Alexandria,VA}, institution = {Center of Naval Analyses}, month = {2}, title = {THE {S}OVIET INVOLVEMENT IN THE {O}GADEN WAR}, year = {1980}, } @Misc{E2020, author = {E Gyimah-Boadi and Landry Signe and Josephine Sanny}, title = {{US} foreign policy toward {A}frica: An {A}frican citizen perspective}, howpublished = {Available at \url{https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2020/10/23/us-foreign-policy-toward-africa-an-african-citizen-perspective/} (2022/04/05)}, institution = {The Brookings Institution}, month = {10}, year = {2020}, } @Article{Neethling2020, author = {Theo Neethling}, title = {Assessing {R}ussia's New Interaction with {A}frica: Energy Diplomacy, Arms Exports and Mineral Resource Markets}, issn = {1013-1108}, issue = {2}, volume = {42}, journal = {Strategic Review for Southern Africa}, month = {12}, year = {2020}, } @book{Mearscheimer2001, author = {John Mearscheimer}, publisher = {WWNortonCompany}, city = {New York, NY}, isbn = {978-0-393-07624-0}, title = {The Tragedy of Great Power Politics}, year = {2001}, } @Article{Mbugua2017, author = {Mbugua, Naomi and Mpondo, Ludwig and Karba, Mirriam and Oluoch, Ernest and Ng'eno, Dr}, title = {{U.S.} Foreign Policy Towards {A}frica: Is It Ambiguous?}, volume = {5}, journal = {International Journal of Humanities and Social Science}, month = {12}, year = {2017}, } @TechReport{Blaubach2021, author = {Thomas Blaubach}, institution = {MEI Policy Center}, title = {Chinese Technology in the {Middle E}ast: A Threat to Sovereignty or an Economic Opportunity?}, url = {https://mei.edu/sites/default/files/2021-03/Chinese-Tech.pdf}, month = {3}, year = {2021}, } @Article{Sen2004, author = {Sen, Rahul and Asher, Mukul and Rajan, Ramkishen}, title = {{ASEAN-India} Economic Relations: Current Status and Future Prospects}, doi = {10.2307/4415291}, volume = {39}, journal = {Economic and Political Weekly}, month = {5}, year = {2004}, } %additional: @Misc{AM2020, author = {Aman Mehrotra}, title = {{COVID-19: I}ndia’s Approach towards the {East A}frican Community}, howpublished = {Available at \url{https://thekootneeti.in/2020/05/25/covid-19-indias-approach-towards-the-east-african-community/} (2022/04/05)}, journal = {The Kootneeti}, month = {5}, year = {2020}, } @TechReport{EFSA2019, author = {Aur\'elien Lechevallier}, institution = {Embassy of France in South Africa}, title = {French energy policies and support to energy efficiency in {A}frica}, url = {https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/imports/events/606/1A.FRANCE2019.10.14_FormationIEA_EE_France.pdf}, address = {Pretoria, South Africa}, month = {3}, year = {2019}, } @TechReport{MEFA2021, author = {MEFA}, institution = {Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs}, title = {France’s {Indo‑Pacific} Strategy}, address = {Paris, France}, howpublished = {Available at \url{https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/en_a4_indopacifique_v2_rvb_cle432726.pdf} (2022/04/05)}, month = {7}, year = {2021}, } @Article{D2018, author = {{Dipanjan Roy} Chaudhury}, title = {India keeps careful watch on {P}akistan offer to sell arms to old ally {T}ajikistan}, howpublished = {Available at 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{1}, institution = {Stockholm International Peace Research Institute}, month = {12}, title = {Arms Flows to {South East Asia}}, url = {https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2019-12/1912_arms_flows_to_south_east_asia_wezeman.pdf}, year = {2019}, } @TechReport{Singh2017, author = {Abhijit Singh}, date = {27}, title = {India’s {Middle Eastern} Naval Diplomacy}, url = {https://www.mei.edu/publications/indias-middle-eastern-naval-diplomacy}, address = {Washington, DC}, journaltitle = {Middle East Institute}, month = {7}, year = {2017}, } @TechReport{BPMA2020, author = {BPMA}, institution = {Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, US Dept. of State}, title = {U.S. Security Cooperation With {Central Asia}}, url = {https://www.state.gov/u-s-security-cooperation-with-central-asia/}, day = {19}, month = {5}, year = {2021}, } @TechReport{Jacobs2020, author = {Anna L Jacobs}, institution = {Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington}, title = {Regional and Global Power Competition Deepens Fault Lines Across the Southern Mediterranean}, url = {https://agsiw.org/regional-and-global-power-competition-deepens-fault-lines-across-the-southern-mediterranean/}, issue = {3}, month = {10}, year = {2020}, } \end{filecontents} % \linenumbers \begin{document} %\bibliographystyle{natbib} \def\spacingset#1{\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}% {#1}\small\normalsize} \spacingset{1} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \if0\blind { \title{\bf Supplementary material} \author{} \maketitle } \fi \spacingset{1.45} % DON'T change the spacing! \section{Local presses used in analysis} Afghanistan Islamic, Republic of: tolonews.com pajhwok.com outlookafghanistan.net thefrontierpost.com bakhtarnews.com.af khaama.com afghanistantimes.af ariananews.af Algeria People's Democratic, Republic of: djazairess.com aps.dz lemaghrebdz.com elbilad.net echoroukonline.com elmoudjahid.com elwatan.com liberte-algerie.com maghrebemergent.info ennaharonline.com lexpressiondz.com lequotidien-oran.com tsa-algerie.com Angola, Republic of: allafrica.com angop.ao portalangop.co.ao jornaldeangola.sapo.ao angonoticias.com portaldeangola.com governo.gov.ao Armenia, Republic of: armenpress.am news.am panorama.am panarmenian.net hraparak.am tert.am aysor.am nt.am oratert.com azatutyun.am armradio.am aravot.am lragir.am en.a1plus.am times.am hetq.am nyut.am yerkir.am armenianow.com armtimes.com golosarmenii.am arminfo.info nv.am Azerbaijan, Republic of: azertag.az azernews.az en.trend.az today.az yeniazerbaycan.com news.az abc.az 525.az news.day.az interfax.az en.apa.az trend.az haqqin.az 1news.az azerbaijannews.net azerbaijan-news.az kaspi.az br.az az.trend.az apa.az en.president.az Bahrain, Kingdom of: bna.bh newsofbahrain.com tradearabia.com akhbar-alkhaleej.com alayam.com albiladpress.com alwatannews.net ttnworldwide.com gdnonline.com gulf-daily-news.com alwasatnews.com startupmgzn.com shafaqna.com Bangladesh, People's Republic of: thedailystar.net dhakatoday.com dhakatribune.com newstoday.com.bd bdnews24.com daily-sun.com bssnews.net clickittefaq.com bangladeshsun.com banglanews24.com thedailynewnation.com thefinancialexpress-bd.com thebangladeshtoday.com prothom-alo.com albd.org firstpost.com vnewsbd.com theindependentbd.com businessnews-bd.com dhakacourier.com.bd bangladeshchronicle.net sylhettimes.com Benin, Republic of: acotonou.com allafrica.com Bhutan, Kingdom of: kuenselonline.com Botswana, Republic of: mmegi.bw allafrica.com sundaystandard.info weekendpost.co.bw thepatriot.co.bw bulawayo24.com Brunei Darussalam: borneobulletin.com.bn bruneinews.net brudirect.com Burkina Faso: fasopresse.net allafrica.com aouaga.com sidwaya.bf lefaso.net aib.bf fasozine.com lepays.bf burkina24.com Burundi, Republic of: arib.info allafrica.com iwacu-burundi.org presidence.gov.bi burundi-agnews.org Cambodia, Kingdom of: akp.gov.kh khmertimeskh.com phnompenhpost.com cambodiantimes.com cnv.org.kh cambodiadaily.com Cameroon, Republic of: cameroon-tribune.cm allafrica.com camer.be cameroon-info.net cameroun24.net cameroononline.org journalducameroun.com 237online.com crtv.cm cameroon-one.com investiraucameroun.com businessincameroon.com cameroon-concord.com camerpost.com cameroun-online.com cameroonjournal.com Cape Verde, Republic of: inforpress.publ.cv expressodasilhas.cv anacao.cv governo.cv allafrica.com expressodasilhas.sapo.cv asemana.publ.cv rtc.cv Central African Republic: centrafrique-presse.info Chad, Republic of: alwihdainfo.com tchadactuel.com Comoros, Union of the: alwatwan.net mayottehebdo.com Congo, Democratic Republic of the: allafrica.com mediacongo.net radiookapi.net lephareonline.net kongotimes.info digitalcongo.net laprosperiteonline.net lecongolais.cd adiac-congo.com Congo, Republic of the: allafrica.com adiac-congo.com digitalcongo.net mediacongo.net demainlenouveaucongobrazzaville.org laprosperiteonline.net groupelavenir.org kongotimes.info lephareonline.net congopage.com Djibouti, Republic of: geeskaafrika.com djiboutination.com presidence.dj alqarn.dj Egypt, Arab Republic of: albawabhnews.com ahram.org.eg vetogate.com elbalad.news el-balad.com dostor.org almasryalyoum.com shorouknews.com elbashayeronline.com egynews.net egypttoday.com soutalomma.com dailynewsegypt.com elmethaq.net hamrinnews.net almalnews.com elfagr.com nile.eg akhbarelyom.com elwatannews.com Equatorial Guinea, Republic of: guineaecuatorialpress.com Eritrea, State of: shabait.com tesfanews.net asmarino.com Ethiopia, Federal Democratic Republic of: waltainfo.com newbusinessethiopia.com Georgia: agenda.ge georgiatoday.ge civil.ge finchannel.com dfwatch.net georgianjournal.ge Ghana, Republic of: ghanaweb.com modernghana.com ghanavisions.com myjoyonline.com businessghana.com graphic.com.gh ghananewsagency.org citifmonline.com peacefmonline.com newsghana.com.gh pulse.com.gh ghanastar.com gbcghana.com ghanamma.com ghanaiantimes.com.gh yen.com.gh spyghana.com primenewsghana.com theheraldghana.com allghananews.com ghana.gov.gh businessdayghana.com dailyguideghana.com Guinea, Republic of: guineematin.com kaloumpresse.com kababachir.com africaguinee.com guinee7.com lexpressguinee.com aminata.com tamtamguinee.com Guinea-Bissau, Republic of: bissaudigital.com India, Republic of: indiatimes.com aninews.in india.com firstpost.com idrw.org indianexpress.com dnaindia.com thehindu.com thewire.in hindustantimes.com btvi.in indiatoday.intoday.in ndtv.com indiatvnews.com asianage.com deccanchronicle.com ptinews.com sify.com deccanherald.com livemint.com tribuneindia.com dailypioneer.com oneindia.com outlookindia.com indiagazette.com newindianexpress.com prokerala.com webindia123.com thestatesman.com thehindubusinessline.com newkerala.com freepressjournal.in ianslive.in jagran.com defencenews.in siasat.com Indonesia, Republic of: thejakartapost.com antaranews.com tribunnews.com republika.co.id beritasatu.com metrotvnews.com liputan6.com inilah.com jakartaglobe.id kompas.com bisnis.com okezone.com viva.co.id Iran, Islamic Republic of: theiranproject.com irna.ir presstv.com iranherald.com presstv.ir tasnimnews.com Iraq, Republic of: iraqakhbar.com alsabaah.iq almadapaper.net akhbaar.org newsabah.com sotaliraq.com Israel, State of: timesofisrael.com jpost.com globes.co.il israelherald.com ynetnews.com algemeiner.com themarker.com haaretz.com israelnationalnews.com Japan: japantimes.co.jp nikkei.com the-japan-news.com japanherald.com mainichi.jp Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of: petra.gov.jo jordantimes.com ammonnews.net alrai.com alghad.com alanbatnews.net albawaba.com sarayanews.com addustour.com khaberni.com Kazakhstan, Republic of: inform.kz kazakh-tv.kz forbes.kz astanatimes.com kt.kz kazpravda.kz kursiv.kz bnews.kz Kenya, Republic of: standardmedia.co.ke nation.co.ke the-star.co.ke capitalfm.co.ke kenyastar.com citizentv.co.ke tuko.co.ke kbc.co.ke sde.co.ke Korea, Republic of: yonhapnews.co.kr kbs.co.kr koreaherald.com koreatimes.co.kr donga.com joins.com chosun.com diodeo.com hani.co.kr heraldcorp.com ohmynews.com koreaobserver.com hankookilbo.com news1.kr arirang.co.kr Kuwait, State of: kuna.net.kw aljarida.com kuwaittimes.net arabtimesonline.com alraimedia.com al-seyassah.com alufuqnews.com alanba.com.kw alqabas.com.kw alkhabarkw.com e.gov.kw Kyrgyz, Republic: kabar.kg akipress.com eng.24.kg akipress.org azattyk.org vb.kg 24.kg tazabek.kg knews.kg Lao, People's Democratic Republic: vientianetimes.la Liberia, Republic of: thenewdawnliberia.com liberianobserver.com gnnliberia.com emansion.gov.lr tlcafrica.com heritageliberia.net thenewrepublicliberia.com liberianewsagency.org theperspective.org Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: libyaakhbar.com alwasat.ly lana-news.ly Madagascar, Republic of: midi-madagasikara.mg newsmada.com lexpressmada.com presidence.gov.mg madagate.org madagascar-tribune.com Malawi, Republic of: nyasatimes.com mwnation.com malawivoice.com manaonline.gov.mw maravipost.com faceofmalawi.com malawi24.com zodiakmalawi.com capitalradiomalawi.com Malaysia: thestar.com.my themalaymailonline.com malaysia-chronicle.com freemalaysiatoday.com malaysiakini.com theborneopost.com malaysiandigest.com thesundaily.my nst.com.my bernama.com malaysiasun.com dailyexpress.com.my themalaysianinsider.com malaysia-today.net mysinchew.com malaymail.com astroawani.com therakyatpost.com Maldives, Republic of: haveeru.com.mv maldivesindependent.com raajje.mv miadhu.com avas.mv maldiveshighcommission.org sun.mv Mali, Republic of: koulouba.com bamada.net mali-web.org maliweb.net malijet.com abamako.com maliactu.net essor.ml Mauritania, Islamic Republic of: aqlame.com ami.mr fr.ami.mr journaltahalil.com lecalame.info saharamedias.net Mauritius, Republic of: defimedia.info lemauricien.com lexpress.mu govmu.org mbcradio.tv maurice-info.mu orange.mu business.mega.mu mauritiustimes.com Mongolia: sonin.mn news.mn olloo.mn montsame.mn ubpost.mongolnews.mn Morocco, Kingdom of: hespress.com akhbarona.com cawalisse.com lematin.ma ahdath.info medias24.com maroc.ma moroccoworldnews.com marocpress.com northafricapost.com alyaoum24.com leseco.ma infomaroc.net leconomiste.com hibapress.com maghress.com aujourdhui.ma fr.le360.ma lnt.ma telquel.ma assabah.press.ma Mozambique, Republic of: jornalnoticias.co.mz verdade.co.mz Myanmar, Union of: irrawaddy.com dvb.no irrawaddy.org mmtimes.com mizzima.com burmanet.org bnionline.net elevenmyanmar.com themalaymailonline.com thestar.com.my frontiermyanmar.net Namibia, Republic of: gov.na namibian.com.na namibiansun.com neweralive.na observer.com.na informante.web.na thevillager.com.na republikein.com.na az.com.na nbc.na insight.com.na Nepal, State of: ekantipur.com thehimalayantimes.com myrepublica.com peoplesreview.com.np onlinekhabar.com spotlightnepal.com nagariknetwork.com annapurnapost.com nepalitimes.com ratopati.com gorkhapatraonline.com nepalireporter.com Niger, Republic of: lesahel.org actuniger.com nigerdiaspora.net presidence.ne tamtaminfo.com Nigeria, Federal Republic of: onlinenigeria.com punchng.com sunnewsonline.com thisdaylive.com thenationonlineng.net leadership.ng today.ng nairaland.com dailytrust.com.ng vanguardngr.com premiumtimesng.com nigeriatoday.ng pulse.ng omojuwa.com nigerianeye.com naija247news.com guardian.ng naij.com dailypost.ng thenewsnigeria.com.ng businessdayonline.com pmnewsnigeria.com theeagleonline.com.ng tribuneonlineng.com peoplesdailyng.com nigerianpilot.com thecable.ng informationng.com promptnewsonline.com thetidenewsonline.com channelstv.com ngrguardiannews.com blueprint.ng Oman, Sultanate of: timesofoman.com omandaily.om omanobserver.om alwatan.com shabiba.com muscatdaily.com omantribune.com Pakistan, Islamic Republic of: thenews.com.pk dawn.com nation.com.pk tribune.com.pk dailytimes.com.pk app.com.pk dunyanews.tv thefrontierpost.com pakistantoday.com.pk dailypakistan.com.pk dnd.com.pk customstoday.com.pk radio.gov.pk Philippines, Republic of the: philstar.com inquirer.net mb.com.ph abs-cbn.com manilatimes.net rappler.com sunstar.com.ph tribune.net.ph interaksyon.com thestandard.com.ph gmanetwork.com radyonatin.com malaya.com.ph abs-cbnnews.com manilastandard.net Qatar, State of: gulf-times.com thepeninsulaqatar.com qatar-tribune.com raya.com al-watan.com dohanews.co al-sharq.com alarab.qa marhaba.qa Russian Federation: sputniknews.com rt.com themoscowtimes.com ria.ru tass.ru rbth.com regnum.ru Rwanda, Republic of: newtimes.co.rw rnanews.com ktpress.rw taarifa.rw rwandaises.com igihe.com Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of: elghad.co arabnews.com Senegal, Republic of: adakar.com seneweb.com allafrica.com sen360.com aps.sn senenews.com lequotidien.sn senego.com sudonline.sn dakaractu.com Seychelles, Republic of: seychellesnewsagency.com allafrica.com nation.sc statehouse.gov.sc virtualseychelles.sc partilepep.com Sierra Leone, Republic of: thesierraleonetelegraph.com awoko.org slconcordtimes.com allafrica.com sierraexpressmedia.com expotimesonline.net globaltimes-sl.com news.sl politicosl.com statehouse.gov.sl Singapore, Republic of: asiaone.com straitstimes.com channelnewsasia.com businesstimes.com.sg singaporestar.com todayonline.com tnp.sg sglinks.com theindependent.sg Somalia, Somali Republic of: hillaac.net radiomuqdisho.net somalilandsun.com qaranimo.com radioshabelle.com shabellenews.com midnimo.com garoweonline.com South Africa, Republic of: news24.com sharenet.co.za engineeringnews.co.za fin24.com polity.org.za citizen.co.za timeslive.co.za dailymaverick.co.za 702.co.za ewn.co.za itweb.co.za mg.co.za bdlive.co.za moneyweb.co.za iafrica.com Sri Lanka, Democratic Socialist Republic of: dailymirror.lk ft.lk lankaweb.com sundaytimes.lk dailynews.lk thesundayleader.lk island.lk slguardian.org adaderana.lk news.lk lankabusinessonline.com srilankamirror.com lankanewspapers.com Sudan, Republic of: allafrica.com sudanvisiondaily.com hurriyatsudan.com Swaziland, Kingdom of: observer.org.sz times.co.sz allafrica.com Syrian Arab Republic: sana.sy jpnews-sy.com syrianow.sy Tajikistan, Republic of: news.tj khovar.tj avesta.tj asiaplus.tj Tanzania, United Republic of: allafrica.com tanzaniatoday.co.tz dailynews.co.tz 24tanzania.com tanzanianewsreports.com thecitizen.co.tz exchange.co.tz Thailand, Kingdom of: bangkokpost.com nationmultimedia.com thaivisa.com chiangraitimes.com ttrweekly.com thephuketnews.com thailandnews.net pattayamail.com khaosodenglish.com phuketgazette.net Togo, Togolese Republic of: icilome.com , Republicoftogo.com alome.com allafrica.com togofirst.com savoirnews.net togosite.com togodiplomatie.info telegramme228.com editogo.tg manationtogo.com Tunisia, Tunisian Republic of: tap.info.tn businessnews.com.tn tuniscope.com lapresse.tn leconomistemaghrebin.com webdo.tn letemps.com.tn leaders.com.tn shemsfm.net realites.com.tn Turkey, Republic of: dailysabah.com haberler.com hurriyetdailynews.com todayszaman.com yenisafak.com memleket.com.tr turkishweekly.net milliyet.com.tr cihan.com.tr yeniakit.com.tr Turkmenistan: turkmenistan.gov.tm tdh.gov.tm chrono-tm.org Uganda, Republic of: allafrica.com newvision.co.ug monitor.co.ug chimpreports.com observer.ug independent.co.ug redpepper.co.ug mediacentre.go.ug kampalapost.com theinsider.ug softpower.ug oilinuganda.org pmldaily.com United Arab Emirates: gulfnews.com zawya.com wam.ae thenational.ae khaleejtimes.com arabianbusiness.com albayan.ae emirates247.com dubaicityguide.com alittihad.ae abudhabicityguide.com uaeinteract.com cpifinancial.net alkhaleej.ae gulftoday.ae gulfbusiness.com emaratalyoum.com middleeastevents.com Uzbekistan, Republic of: uza.uz uzdaily.com jahonnews.uz Vietnam, Socialist Republic of: english.vietnamnet.vn en.vietnamplus.vn tuoitrenews.vn fr.vietnamplus.vn vietnam.vnanet.vn lecourrier.vn es.vietnamplus.vn vnexpress.net english.vov.vn vietnamnews.vn hanoitimes.com.vn nhandan.org.vn vir.com.vn Yemen: yemenakhbar.com barakish.net alsahwa-yemen.net \newpage \section{Citations} These are the citations for tables 2 and 3. The shorthand used below should be interpreted as follows: \begin{itemize} \item Arms: expansion sale of military arms, equipment and technologies \item Energy: expansion of energy facilities or technology or training \item Petrol: expanded extraction of fossil fuels \item M.L.: control of flow of maritime shipping, maritime navigation, and naval presence \item S.C.: establishment of security agreements, joint operations of armed forces, military training and military bases \item Comm: use of force to ensure the status quo, maintaining the existing power, peacekeeping operations, and economic national interests \item Infrast: expand infrastructure projects, transportation development, and telecommunication \item Region: increase in bilateral trade, FDI and other commercial interests \end{itemize} \subsection{East Africa} \paragraph{Russia} Arms \citep{Ramani2020} , Energy \citep{Neethling2020} , M.L. \citep{Ramani2020} , S.C. \citep{Ramani2020} \paragraph{US} M.L. \citep{Vertin2020} , Region \citep{Vertin2020} \paragraph{China} Arms \citep{Krukowska2018} Comm \citep{Krukowska2018} , M.L. \citep{Krukowska2018} , Infrast. \citep{Krukowska2018} \paragraph{France} Arms \citep{Fowler2019} , Energy \citep{Ismail2019} , Comm \citep{Ismail2019} , M.L. \citep{Fowler2019} , S.C. \citep{Fowler2019} , Region \citep{Fowler2019} , Infrast. \citep{Ismail2019} \paragraph{India} Comm \citep{AM2020} , M.L. \citep{Vertin2020} , S.C. \citep{Vertin2020} \subsection{West Africa} \paragraph{Russia} Arms \citep{Neethling2020} , Energy \citep{Neethling2020} , Petrol \citep{Neethling2020} , S.C. \citep{Neethling2020} \paragraph{US} Region \citep{Mbugua2017} \paragraph{China} Energy \citep{Krukowska2018} , Petrol \citep{Krukowska2018} , Comm \citep{Krukowska2018} , S.C. \citep{Albert2017} , Region \citep{Albert2017} , Infrast. \citep{Krukowska2018} \paragraph{France} Arms \citep{E2020} , Energy \citep{Che2019} , Petrol \citep{Che2019} , Comm \citep{Korkmaz2019} , M.L. \citep{Madan2020} , S.C. \citep{E2020} , Region \citep{E2020} , Infrast.\citep{Che2019} \paragraph{India} \subsection{Central Africa} \paragraph{Russia} Arms \citep{Neethling2020} , Energy \citep{Neethling2020} , Petrol \citep{Neethling2020} , S.C. \citep{Neethling2020} \paragraph{US} Region \citep{Mbugua2017} \paragraph{China} Energy \citep{Krukowska2018} , Petrol \citep{Krukowska2018} , Comm \citep{Krukowska2018} , S.C. \citep{Albert2017} , Region \citep{Albert2017} , Infrast. \citep{Krukowska2018} \paragraph{France} Arms \citep{E2020} , Energy \citep{Che2019}, Petrol \citep{Che2019} , Comm \citep{Korkmaz2019}, M.L. \citep{Madan2020} , S.C. \citep{E2020} , Region \citep{E2020} , Infrast.\citep{Che2019} \paragraph{India} \subsection{North Africa} \paragraph{Russia} Arms \citep{Jacobs2020} , Energy \citep{Jacobs2020}, Petrol \citep{Jacobs2020}, S.C. \citep{Jacobs2020}, Region \citep{Jacobs2020} \paragraph{US} Arms \citep{Hill2021} M.L. \citep{Hill2021} , S.C. \citep{Hill2021}, Region \citep{Hill2021} \paragraph{China} Arms \citep{Hill2021} , Energy \citep{Hill2021} , Comm \citep{Jacobs2020} , Infrast. \citep{Blaubach2021} \paragraph{France} Arms \citep{Jacobs2020}, Energy \citep{Jacobs2020}, Petrol \citep{Jacobs2020}, S.C. \citep{Jacobs2020}, Region \citep{Jacobs2020} ,Infrast \citep{Jacobs2020} \paragraph{India} \subsection{Southern Africa} \paragraph{Russia} Arms \citep{Neethling2020} , Energy \citep{Neethling2020} , Comm \citep{Kachur2020} , \paragraph{US} Comm \citep{Cook2020} , Region \citep{Cook2020} \paragraph{China} Energy \citep{Ferreira2019}, Comm\citep{AFDB2019} , Infrast.\citep{AFDB2019} \paragraph{France} Energy \citep{EFSA2019}, S.C.\citep{ MEFA2021} \paragraph{India} \subsection{Central Asia} \paragraph{Russia} Arms \citep{Kothari2018} , Petrol \citep{Kothari2018} , Energy \citep{Kothari2018} , Comm \citep{Kothari2018} , S.C. \citep{Kothari2018}, Region \citep{Kothari2018} , Infrast \citep{Kothari2018} \paragraph{US} Arms \citep{BPMA2020} , Comm \citep{BSCAA2020} , S.C. \citep{BPMA2020} , Region \citep{BSCAA2020} \paragraph{China} Energy \citep{Kothari2018} , Petrol \citep{Kothari2018}, Comm \citep{Yau2020} , S.C. \citep{Asiryan2020}, Region \citep{Asiryan2020}, Infrast. \citep{Yau2020} \paragraph{France} \paragraph{India} Energy \citep{Kothari2018}, Comm \citep{Menon2019} , S.C. \citep{D2018} \subsection{South Asia} \paragraph{Russia} Arms \citep{EF2019} , Energy \citep{EF2019} , S.C. \citep{EF2019} \paragraph{US} Arms \citep{India2020} , Comm \citep{Samaranayake2019}, M.L. \citep{Samaranayake2019} , S.C. \citep{Samaranayake2019} \paragraph{China} Energy \citep{Yasmin2019}, Comm \citep{Yasmin2019}, M.L. \citep{Rajendram2014} , S.C. \citep{Samaranayake2019} , Region \citep{Madan2020}, Infrast \citep{Yasmin2019} \paragraph{France} Comm \citep{MEFA2021} , S.C. \citep{MEFA2021} \paragraph{India} Energy \citep{Yasmin2019}, Comm \citep{Yasmin2019}, M.L. \citep{Yasmin2019} , Region \citep{D2018} \subsection{Southeast Asia} \paragraph{Russia} Arms \citep{Schwartz2019} , S.C. \citep{Schwartz2019} . \paragraph{US} Arms \citep{W2019}, Comm \citep{USTR2021}, M.L. \citep{CRS2021}, S.C. \citep{CRS2021} , Region \citep{CRS2021} \paragraph{China} Arms \citep{W2019} Energy \citep{Cox2018},Comm \citep{Cox2018}, M.L. \citep{CRS2021}, S.C.\citep{CRS2021}, Infrast. \citep{Cox2018}, Region \citep{CRS2021}, \paragraph{France} Arms\citep{W2019} \paragraph{India} Comm \citep{Sen2004} , M.L. \citep{Rajendram2014}, S.C. \citep{Atwal2016} , Region \citep{Rajendram2014}, Infrast \citep{Atwal2016} \subsection{Western Asia} \paragraph{Russia} Arms \citep{Karmon2018}, Petrol \citep{Karmon2018} , S.C.\citep{Karmanau2019} \paragraph{US} Arms \citep{Bell2020}, Petrol \citep{Bell2020}, M.L. \citep{Bell2020}, S.C. \citep{Bell2020}, Region \citep{Bell2020} \paragraph{China} Energy \citep{Mashino2020}, Petrol \citep{Mashino2020}, Comm \citep{Mashino2020}, S.C. \citep{Motamedi2021}, Infrast. \citep{Mashino2020} \paragraph{France} Energy \citep{MEFA2021} Comm \citep{MEFA2021}, S.C. \citep{MEFA2021} \paragraph{India} M.L. \citep{Singh2017} \bibliographystyle{chicago} \bibliography{GPCref_jabref_insert} \end{document}