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["Additional file 3 – Absolute frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroups and subhaplogroups in the 48 populations included in the PCA."]
[]
[{"$nulls":3},"No. of subjects with Y-chromosome (sub)haplogroup"]
[{"$nulls":3},"A","B","C","E","E","E","E","E","E","G","H","I","J1","J2","J2","J2","J2","L","N","O","Q","R","R1","R1a","R1b","R2","T","Others"]
["Country/Population","Cod","N","M13","M60","RPS4Y","P2","M2","M35","M78","M81","M123","M201","M69","M170","M267","M172","M47","M67","M12","M20","LLY22g","M175","M242"," M207"," M173","M17","M269","M124","M70, M184","(a)",null,"H (a)","Reference"]
["Iraq (Marsh Arab)","IRM",143,{"$nulls":5},3,1,null,5,2,null,null,116,5,{"$nulls":3},1,null,null,4,{"$nulls":3},4,2,{"$nulls":3},{"v":0.33236481828031117,"d":"0.3324"},"[Present study]"]
["Iraq","IRQ",154,{"$nulls":4},2,null,12,null,7,3,null,1,48,19,4,10,4,1,null,null,3,null,null,13,17,null,10,null,null,{"v":0.848399966047025,"d":"0.8484"},"[Present study]"]
["Albanian","Alb",119,{"$nulls":6},37,null,2,2,null,23,6,null,null,4,17,{"$nulls":6},6,22,{"$nulls":4},{"v":0.8029482979632531,"d":"0.8029"},"[1]"]
["Algeria (Arab)","Alg-A",137,{"$nulls":4},8,1,10,60,{"$nulls":4},31,1,null,6,{"$nulls":4},1,null,1,1,11,null,null,6,null,{"v":0.7367432374409617,"d":"0.7367"},"[2,3]"]
["Algeria (Berber)","Alg-B",19,{"$nulls":7},9,2,{"$nulls":3},3,{"$nulls":9},3,{"$nulls":4},2,null,{"v":0.6871345029239766,"d":"0.6871"},"[3]"]
["Benin (Fon)","Ben",100,{"$nulls":4},95,{"$nulls":22},5,null,{"v":0.08585858585858586,"d":"0.0859"},"[4]"]
["Bosnia","Bos",255,{"$nulls":5},2,35,null,null,5,null,141,3,5,null,5,9,null,5,{"$nulls":4},35,10,{"$nulls":4},{"v":0.6506870464721319,"d":"0.6507"},"[1]"]
["Caucasus","Cau",104,{"$nulls":6},2,null,1,32,1,2,3,14,1,14,1,3,{"$nulls":4},2,12,9,6,1,null,null,{"v":0.8401792382374906,"d":"0.8402"},"[1]"]
["Croatia","Cro",118,{"$nulls":6},10,null,1,5,null,47,null,1,null,1,5,null,2,{"$nulls":4},35,11,{"$nulls":4},{"v":0.7311313921483413,"d":"0.7311"},"[1]"]
["Czech Republic","Cze",75,{"$nulls":9},3,null,8,{"$nulls":4},4,null,2,{"$nulls":3},1,31,25,null,1,null,null,{"v":0.6971171171171171,"d":"0.6971"},"[1]"]
["Druze ","Dur",37,{"$nulls":8},6,6,null,null,1,5,null,null,1,{"$nulls":7},18,{"$nulls":4},{"v":0.6824324324324325,"d":"0.6824"},"[Present study]"]
["Egypt (Arab)","Egy-A",147,4,{"$nulls":3},3,{"v":4.083333333333333,"d":"4"},27,{"v":12.25,"d":"12"},{"v":10.208333333333334,"d":"10"},13,null,{"v":1.0208333333333333,"d":"1"},30,12,null,{"v":4.083333333333333,"d":"4"},{"v":1.0208333333333333,"d":"1"},{"$nulls":5},{"v":3.0625,"d":"3"},{"v":4.083333333333333,"d":"4"},{"v":3.0625,"d":"3"},{"v":1.0208333333333333,"d":"1"},{"v":12.25,"d":"12"},2,null,{"v":0.8860665353945992,"d":"0.8861"},"[4]"]
["Egypt (North)","N-Egy",44,1,{"$nulls":4},2,12,5,4,{"$nulls":3},4,3,null,1,{"$nulls":3},1,null,null,4,1,null,null,1,5,null,{"v":0.8689217758985202,"d":"0.8689"},"[3]"]
["Egypt (South)","S-Egy",29,{"$nulls":6},5,2,2,null,null,1,6,1,{"$nulls":8},4,{"$nulls":3},3,5,null,{"v":0.8509852216748769,"d":"0.8510"},"[3]"]
["Ethiopia (Amhara)","Eth-A",48,7,1,null,5,null,5,11,null,1,{"$nulls":3},15,null,null,1,{"$nulls":10},2,null,null,{"v":0.799645390070922,"d":"0.7996"},"[5]"]
["Ethiopia (Oromo)","Eth-O",78,8,null,null,12,null,17,28,null,4,{"$nulls":3},2,{"$nulls":3},1,{"$nulls":9},4,2,null,{"v":0.7802197802197802,"d":"0.7802"},"[5]"]
["Greece","Gre",320,1,{"$nulls":5},81,2,4,12,1,53,12,14,null,17,21,2,{"$nulls":4},2,41,47,1,8,1,null,{"v":0.8572688087774295,"d":"0.8573"},"[1,6]"]
["Hungary","Hun",53,{"$nulls":6},4,null,1,1,null,7,{"$nulls":3},1,{"$nulls":7},30,8,null,1,null,null,{"v":0.6251814223512338,"d":"0.6252"},"[1]"]
["India (Austro-Asiatic) ","Ind-Aa",64,null,null,1,{"$nulls":7},15,{"$nulls":5},7,null,null,34,{"$nulls":5},7,{"$nulls":3},{"v":0.6329365079365079,"d":"0.6329"},"[5]"]
["India (Dravidian) ","Ind-D",353,null,null,6,{"$nulls":6},8,116,null,1,15,null,null,21,41,null,48,1,1,null,39,1,22,null,33,null,{"v":0.8285394669070306,"d":"0.8285"},"[5]"]
["India (Indo-European) ","Ind-IN",224,null,null,5,{"$nulls":6},1,59,null,1,13,null,null,10,8,null,10,2,1,null,72,3,34,null,5,null,{"v":0.7934016655989751,"d":"0.7934"},"[5]"]
["India (Tibeto-Burman) ","Ind-TB",87,null,null,1,{"$nulls":7},2,{"$nulls":8},75,{"$nulls":3},4,null,5,{"$nulls":3},{"v":0.24204758086073264,"d":"0.2420"},"[5]"]
["Iran (North) ","N-Irn",33,null,null,1,{"$nulls":6},5,null,null,3,6,null,1,1,1,2,1,3,null,1,1,5,1,null,1,null,{"v":0.8892045454545454,"d":"0.8892"},"[7]"]
["Iran (South)","S-Irn",117,null,3,null,null,2,null,5,null,1,16,3,null,14,15,4,4,4,7,1,null,3,null,3,19,7,1,4,1,null,{"v":0.9064986737400531,"d":"0.9065"},"[7]"]
["Italy (North East) ","Nei",67,{"$nulls":6},1,null,1,8,null,7,null,4,null,5,null,3,{"$nulls":5},7,28,null,2,1,null,{"v":0.7731795567616463,"d":"0.7732"},"[1]"]
["Jordan (Amman)","Jor",101,1,{"$nulls":5},9,4,5,6,null,5,41,7,null,6,3,{"$nulls":5},2,2,6,null,null,4,null,{"v":0.801089108910891,"d":"0.8011"},"[8]"]
["Jordan (Dead Sea)","Dse",45,{"$nulls":6},6,null,14,{"$nulls":3},4,2,null,1,{"$nulls":6},18,{"$nulls":4},0,null,{"v":0.7085858585858585,"d":"0.7086"},"[8]"]
["Lebanon (Christian)   ","Leb-C",379,{"$nulls":3},3,null,null,33,1,16,19,null,22,56,null,53,51,20,27,null,null,6,4,1,7,38,null,18,4,null,{"v":0.9039452192486493,"d":"0.9039"},"[8]"]
["Lebanon (Druze)   ","Leb-D",105,{"$nulls":3},1,null,null,17,3,3,2,null,9,16,null,16,null,null,10,null,null,2,1,2,3,12,null,8,null,null,{"v":0.8872710622710622,"d":"0.8873"},"[8]"]
["Lebanon (Muslim)   ","Leb-M",432,null,null,1,1,6,2,46,7,20,39,null,13,112,null,71,21,5,11,null,null,10,7,4,13,17,2,17,7,null,{"v":0.8742480879951877,"d":"0.8742"},"[8]"]
["Oman","Oma",121,{"v":1.21,"d":"1"},null,{"v":3.63,"d":"4"},null,8,null,2,null,15,{"v":2.42,"d":"2"},{"v":2.42,"d":"2"},null,46,6,null,1,5,{"v":1.21,"d":"1"},{"$nulls":4},1,11,1,null,{"v":9.68,"d":"10"},{"v":4.430000000000019,"d":"4"},null,{"v":0.8122919903581267,"d":"0.8123"},"[4]"]
["Pakistan (Burushaski) ","Pak-B",20,null,null,1,{"$nulls":6},1,3,{"$nulls":5},1,3,null,1,null,4,null,2,null,3,null,1,null,{"v":0.8631578947368421,"d":"0.8632"},"[5]"]
["Pakistan (Dravidian) ","Pak-D",25,null,null,1,{"$nulls":6},4,1,null,3,2,null,2,null,2,null,1,{"$nulls":3},6,null,3,{"$nulls":3},{"v":0.8583333333333333,"d":"0.8583"},"[5]"]
["Pakistan (Indo-European)","Pak-IE",132,null,null,11,null,1,null,2,null,null,6,8,1,3,13,null,null,3,18,null,2,6,2,9,35,5,7,{"$nulls":3},{"v":0.8749710848947491,"d":"0.8750"},"[5]"]
["Palestinian","Pal",305,{"$nulls":3},2,1,null,44,null,33,25,null,13,103,1,31,17,9,2,{"$nulls":3},1,null,3,10,null,6,4,null,{"v":0.8281816220880069,"d":"0.8282"},"[10, present study]"]
["Poland","Pol",99,{"$nulls":6},4,{"$nulls":4},18,1,{"$nulls":3},1,null,1,{"$nulls":4},56,18,{"$nulls":4},{"v":0.6080189651618224,"d":"0.6080"},"[1]"]
["Qatar  ","Qat",72,null,2,null,1,2,null,3,null,1,2,1,null,{"v":41.97599999999999,"d":"42"},{"v":2.016,"d":"2"},{"v":1.008,"d":"1"},{"v":1.008,"d":"1"},{"v":2.016,"d":"2"},2,{"$nulls":5},{"v":4.968,"d":"5"},{"v":1.008,"d":"1"},{"v":0.8639999999999999,"d":"1"},null,3,null,{"v":0.640925508607199,"d":"0.6409"},"[11]"]
["Rwanda (Hutu) ","Rwa-H",69,null,3,null,null,57,2,{"$nulls":16},1,{"$nulls":4},6,null,{"v":0.29688832054560965,"d":"0.2969"},"[4]"]
["Rwanda (Tutsi) ","Rwa-T",94,null,14,null,null,75,1,{"$nulls":21},4,null,{"v":0.33218943033630755,"d":"0.3322"},"[4]"]
["Slovenia","Slv",75,{"$nulls":6},2,null,null,2,null,23,1,1,null,1,{"$nulls":7},29,16,{"$nulls":4},{"v":0.7050450450450451,"d":"0.7050"},"[1]"]
["Somalia","Som",201,1,2,null,null,3,3,156,3,1,1,1,null,5,1,{"$nulls":9},2,null,null,21,1,null,{"v":0.3820149253731343,"d":"0.3820"},"[12]"]
["Sudan (Arab) ","Sud-A",102,3,{"$nulls":5},17,{"$nulls":4},4,46,2,{"$nulls":8},17,{"$nulls":4},13,null,{"v":0.7251019219569015,"d":"0.7251"},"[13]"]
["Sudan (Nilotic)","Sud-N",53,28,16,null,1,null,null,8,{"$nulls":20},0,null,{"v":0.5990566037735849,"d":"0.5991"},"[13]"]
["Tunisia","Tun",148,{"$nulls":4},2,null,8,56,4,{"$nulls":3},48,9,1,{"$nulls":7},6,null,4,null,1,9,null,{"v":0.7375436661150947,"d":"0.7375"},"[3,10] "]
["Turkey","Tuk",523,2,null,7,2,1,null,26,1,29,{"v":57.007,"d":"57"},{"v":3.138,"d":"3"},{"v":28.242000000000004,"d":"28"},47,79,6,33,9,22,20,1,10,null,9,36,76,5,13,1,null,{"v":0.9134734926814795,"d":"0.9135"},"[14]"]
["Ukraine","Ukr",92,{"$nulls":6},7,null,1,3,1,18,null,1,null,2,3,null,6,null,1,null,null,46,2,null,1,null,null,{"v":0.694696607740086,"d":"0.6947"},"[1]"]
["United Arab Emirates   ","Uae",164,null,null,2,null,9,null,13,1,5,7,7,null,{"v":57.071999999999996,"d":"57"},{"v":9.02,"d":"9"},{"v":2.952,"d":"3"},3,{"v":1.9679999999999997,"d":"2"},5,null,2,3,null,2,{"v":11.972000000000001,"d":"12"},{"v":6.0680000000000005,"d":"6"},null,8,8,null,{"v":0.8470630585066588,"d":"0.8471"},"[11]"]
["Yemen","Yem",62,{"$nulls":3},1,2,2,null,null,5,1,null,null,{"v":45.012,"d":"45"},{"v":2.9759999999999995,"d":"3"},null,{"v":2.9759999999999995,"d":"3"},{"$nulls":13},{"v":0.4503455060814384,"d":"0.4503"},"[11]"]
[]
[]
["(a) \"Others\"  comprises (sub)haplogroups (E-M33, E-M75, F-M89*, K-M9*,  NO-M214, R-M18, R-M73)  not included in the PCA for their low (<5%) frequency in all the considered populations."]
["(b) Heterogeneity calculated on all the shared haplogroups, including those summarized in \"Others\", according to: Nei  M:  Molecular  Evolutionary  Genetics.  New  York:  Columbia University Press, 1987."]
[]
[]
["References for Additional file 3"]
["1.Battaglia V, Fornarino S, Al-Zahery N, Olivieri A, Pala M, Myres NM, King RJ, Rootsi S, Marjanovic D, Primorac D, Hadziselimovic R, Vidovic S, Drobnic K, Durmishi N, Torroni A, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Underhill PA, Semino O: Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe. Eur J Hum Genet 2009, 17:820-830."]
["2. Robino C, Crobu F, Di Gaetano C, Bekada A, Benhamamouch S, Cerutti N, Piazza A, Inturri S, Torre C:  Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups and STR haplotypes in an Algerian population sample. Int J Legal Med 2008, 122:251-255."]
["3. Arredi B, Poloni ES, Paracchini S, Zerjal T, Fathallah DM, Makrelouf M, Pascali VL, Novelletto A, Tyler-Smith C: A predominantly neolithic origin for Y-chromosomal DNA variation in North Africa. Am J Hum Genet 2004. 75:338-345. "]
["4. Luis JR, Rowold DJ, Regueiro M, Caeiro B, Cinnioğlu C, Roseman C, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Herrera RJ: The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: evidence for bidirectional corridors of human migrations. Am J Hum Genet 2004,  74:532-544."]
["5. Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CT, Lin AA, Mitra M, Sil SK, Ramesh A, Usha Rani MV, Thakur CM, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Majumder PP, Underhill PA: Polarity and temporality of high resolution Y chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists. Am J Hum Genet 2006, 78:202-221."]
["6. King RJ, Ozcan SS, Carter T, Kalfoğlu E, Atasoy S, Triantaphyllidis C, Kouvatsi A, Lin AA, Chow CE, Zhivotovsky LA, Michalodimitrakis M, Underhill PA: Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic. Ann Hum Genet 2008, 72:205-214."]
["7. Regueiro M, Cadenas AM, Gayden T, Underhill PA, Herrera RJ: Iran: tricontinental nexus for Y-chromosome driven migration. Hum Hered 2006, 61:132-143."]
["8. Flores C, Maca-Meyer N, Larruga JM, Cabrera VM, Karadsheh N, Gonzalez AM: Isolates in a corridor of migrations:a high-resolution analysis of Y-chromosome variation in Jordan. J Hum Genet 2005, 50:435-441."]
["9. Zalloua PA, Platt DE, El Sibai M, Khalife J, Makhoul N, Haber M, Xue Y, Izaabel H, Bosch E, Adams SM, Arroyo E, López-Parra AM, Aler M, Picornell A, Ramon M, Jobling MA, Comas D, Bertranpetit J, Wells RS, Tyler-Smith C: Genographic Consortium. Identifying genetic traces of historical expansions:Phoenician footprints in the Mediterranean. Am J Hum Genet 2008, 83:633-642. "]
["10. Zalloua PA, Xue Y, Khalife J, Makhoul N, Debiane L, Platt DE, Royyuru AK, Herrera RJ, Hernanz DF, Blue-Smith J, Wells RS, Comas D, Bertranpetit J, Tyler-Smith C; Genographic Consortium: Y-chromosomal diversity in Lebanon is structured by recent historical events. Am J Hum Genet 2008, 82:873-882."]
["11. Cadenas AM, Zhivotovsky LA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA, Herrera RJ: Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman. Eur J Hum Genet 2008, 16:374-386."]
["12. Sanchez JJ, Hallenberg C, Børsting C, Hernandez A, Morling N: High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males. Eur J Hum Genet 2005, 13:856-866."]
["13. Hassan HY, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Ibrahim ME: Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese:restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history. Am J Phys Anthropol 2008, 137:316-323."]
["14. Cinnioğlu C, King R, Kivisild T, Kalfoglu E, Atasoy S, Cavalleri GI, Lillie AS, Roseman CC, Lin AA, Prince K, Oefner PJ, Shen P, Semino O, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA: Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia. Hum Genet 2004, 114:127-148."]