{"text_format":"3","workbook":"xls","n_sheets":1,"sheets":["QoL"],"not_rendered":{"comments":1},"read":"whole","date_system":"1900","formulas":"cached_only"}

{"sheet":"QoL","index":0,"n_rows":32,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":32,"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
["Additional file 2: Table presenting quality of life in children and adolescents with CHD after CPB surgery grouped by major outcome variables and methodological quality"]
["study reference\n(reference no.)","quality\nrating\n(0-11)","design","sample size\n(% males);\nresponse rate","diagnoses","time/type of \nsurgery\n(% with CPB)","exclusion \ncriteria","age at 1st \nsurgery/ at \nfollow up","follow up \ninterval","controls","assessed \nrisk factors","outcome","resultsa"]
["Hovels-Gurich\net al. 2002\n(24)\n",7,"cross-\nsectional","60 (77)\n78%","TGA","1986-1992\nASO\n(100)","no exclusion","n.r.\nmean: 10.5 yrs","> 2 yrsc","norms","pre-, peri-, post-\noperative data\n","Self:\nIQLC\n\n","· = overall QoL\n\ntested associations:\n· longer CPB duration related to impaired QoL\n\n"]
["Brosig\net al. 2007\n(28)",5,"cross-\nsectional","26 (73)\n53%","HLHS\nTGA","1996-1999\nTGA: ASO\n(100)","major congenital anomalies, other severe medical conditions","HLHS median: 4 days\nTGA median: 5 days   \nmean: 4.7 yrs","> 2 yrsc","norms","n.r. ","Proxy:\nPedsQL","· = overal proxy-reported QoL\n\ntested associations:\nno differences in overall QoL between HLHS and TGA"]
["Dunbar-Masterson\net al. 2001\n(41)\n",9,"cross-\nsectional","155 (76)\n96%","TGA\nTGA/VSD","1988-1992\nASO\n(100)","congenital, extracardiac\nanomalies; \nbirth weight < 2500g;\n","median:6 days\nmedian:8.1 yrs","8 yrs","norms;\nasthma, JCA, ADHD reference","presence of VSD;\nCPB support technique;\nperi-, postoperative data; IQ; \nsex; SES","Proxy:\nCHQ-PF","· = psychosocial and physical functioning\n· - attention, developmental, learning and speech difficulties\n· - psychosocial health compared to controls with asthma and JRA\n\ntested associations:\n· IQ related to psychosocial functioning\n· no effect for: presence of VSD, CPB support technique; surgical age,            CA duration, cardiac reoperations, sex, SES"]
["Ekman-Joelsson et al. 2004\n(42)\n",8,"cross-\nsectional","42 (45)\n81%","PA-IVS","1980-1999\nbi-/univentricular\nrepair\n(100)","no exclusion","n.r.\nmedian: 8.5 yrs","> 2 yrsc","healthy norm","type of surgical\nrepair","Combined: LMQL\n","· = overall QoL, self esteem, peer acceptance, \n     housing\n· - satisfaction with activities, familial and social life, psychosomatic               complaints\n· + parent-child interaction\n\ntested associations:\n· no difference between uni- and ventricular repair"]
["Majnemer\net al. 2006\n(43)\n",6,"cross-\nsectional","49 (n.r.)\n52%","TF\nTGA\nseptal defects\nDORV\nCAT\nother\n","corrective surgery, \nn= 46\npalliative surgery, \nn=3\n(100)","any known \nrisk for delayed \ndevelopment (e.g. CNS malformation, \nprevious CPB surgery)","2.6 months/\n5.4 yrs","61.5 months","norms\n","developmental data;\nsurgery-related\ndata (e.g. duration of CPB);\nparental stress\n\n","Proxy:\nCHQ-PF","· 6.4% below cut off  on physical subdimension\n· 8.5% below cut off  on the psychosocial  \n  subdimension\n\ntested associations:\n· arterial saturation below 85% prior to surgery,  \n  child behavior, and parental stress correlated \n  with psychosocial well being\n· no effects for: CPB time, DHCA duration, cardiac\n  diagnosis, age at surgery, duration of intensive\n  care, developmental outcome"]
["Culbert\net al. 2003\n(44)\n",6,"cross-\nsectional","306 (71)\n51%","TGA\nTGA/ VSD\nTGA/ VSD/ PS","1985-1989\nASO\nSenning, Mustard,\nRastelli\n(100)","intellectual \nimpairment","< 15 days\nmean: 13 yrs","13 yrs","healthy norms","TGA morphology;\ntype of surgical repair; perioperative\ndata;\nsex","Self:\nCHQ-CF","· +  functioning across all dimensions except self esteem\n\ntested associations:\n· ASO superior compared to atrial switch\n· worse physical functioning, mental and general\n  health in TGA/VSD/PS than in TGA or TGA/VSD \n· circulatory arrest, CPB duration, cooling temperature related to deficits in social and behavioral self perception\n· differential effects for sex"]
["Landolt \net al. 2008\n(45)",9,"cross-\nsectional","110 (56)\n71%","cyanotic/\nacyanotic CHD","1995-1998\n(100)","genetic syndromes, other severe medical conditions","mean: 2.3 yrs\nmean: 10.4 yrs","7.3 yrs","norms","demographic, medical, surgical, quality of family relationship","Self: \nTACQOL\nProxy: \nTACQOL","self report: \n· - autonomy, motor, social and positive emotional \n  functioning\nparental report:\n· - cognitive, autonomy, motor, social and positive emotional functioning\n\ntested associations:\n· duration of CPB, LOS, current cardiac medication, adverse family relationship related to proxy but not child-rated QoL"]
["Mc Crindle\net al. 2006\n(46)\n",6,"cross-\nsectional","537 (60)\n83%","functional \nsingle ventricle","n.r.\n(100)","non-cardiac \nmedical or\npsychiatric disorders","mean: 2.8 yrs\nmean: 11.9 yrs","> 2 yrs c","norms","non-cardiac medical illness;\ncardiac specific factors;\nno. of cardiac surgeries;\nfamiliy income","Proxy:\nCHQ-PF","· - physical and psychosocial functioning\n\ntested associations:\n· mainly non-cardiac medial problems, but few \n  cardiac-specific factors related to physical \n  functioning\n· learning, behavioral, and attentional difficulties, \n  anxiety and depression inversely related to \n  psychosocial functioning\n· low family income and number of previous cardiac\n  surgeries with negative impact on physical\n  and psychosocial functioning"]
["Mussato \net al. 2005\n(47)\n","5b","cross-\nsectional","182 (66);\n43%\n\n","TGA\nDILV\nTF\nother","(100)\n","n.r.","infancy\nmean: 8.7 yrs","3.7 yrs","norms of healthy\nand chronically \nill children","cardiac diagnosis; functional disability;\nno. of heart\nsurgeries; age;\nSES","Proxy:\nPedsQL","· - overall QoL, physical, emotional, social, and \n  educational functioning than healthy norm\n· + overall QoL, physical and emotional functioning\n  than chronically ill children\n\ntested associations:\n· more complex CHD and functional disability \n  related to impaired QoL\n· age at assessment associated with QoL\n· no effect for: no. of heart surgeries, SES"]
["Spijkerboer\net al. 2006\n(48)\n",7,"cross-\nsectional","proxy report:\n114 (54) \n74%\nself report: \n113 (54) \n73%\n","ASD\nVSD\nTGA\nPS","1990-1995\nASD/VSD closure,\nASO\n(90)","syndromes associated with mental retardation\n","< 15 yrs/\nbetween 8-15 yrs\n\n","> 8 yrs","norms\n","sex;\nage;\ncardiac diagnosis\n\n","Self: \nTACQOL\nProxy: \nTACQOL","self report: \n· - motor, cognitive, and positive emotional functioning\n\nparental report:\n· - cognitive, and positive emotional functioning in patients aged 8-11    years\n\ntested associations:\n· 8-11 yr old patients with lower function on 5/7 QoL dimensions; 12-15 year old patients with lower function on 1/7 QoL dimensions\n· no main effect for: sex, cardiac diagnosis"]
["Goldbeck \net al.2005\n(49)",5,"cross-\nsectional","69 (61)                 38%              ","ASD\nVSD\nTGA\nTOF           other","n.r. \n(>50)","cancer, trisomy 21 syndrome, mental retardation","n.r.\nmean: 12 yrs","> 2 yrsc","no controls","parental QoL","Self: \nLQ-KID\nproxy: \nLQ-KID-E","tested associations: \n. low correlation between parental rated QoL and self reported QoL"]
["Marino \net al. 2008\n(50)",7,"cross-\nsectional","655 (nr)\n88%","CHD \naquired heart disease","n.r. \n(>50 in child group)","significant comorbid condition or significant developmental delay","n.r.\nchild group mean : 10.5 yrs\nadolescent group mean 14.7 yrs ","n.r.","no CHD","type of CHD, sex, age, race","Self: \nPCQLI\nProxy:\nPCQLI","tested associations: \n. Two ventricle CHD better QoL than single ventricle CHD"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["a main results are summarized by means of; \"=\" indicating missing differences between cases and controls/norms; \"+\" indicating a better outcome compared to controls/norms; \" - \" indicating a  negative outcome compared to controls/norms"]
[" "]
["b preliminary data"]
["c estimated from reported data"]
["1 Boston cohort study; 2 Rotterdam cohort study"]
[]
["Abbreviations: no. - number; n.r. - not reported; QoL - quality of life; yrs - years"]
["Abbreviations of CHD diagnoses: AS - aortic stenosis; ASD - atrial septum defect; CAT - common arterial trunk; DILV - double inlet ventricle; HLHS - hypoplastic-left heart syndrome;"]
["PA -IVS -  pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum; PS - pulmonary stenosis; TF - tetralogy of fallot; TGA - transposition of the great arteries; VSD - ventricle septum defect  "]
["Abbreviations of surgical intervention: ASO - arterial switch operation "]
["Abbreviations for control groups: ADHD - attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder; FSV - functional single ventricle; JRA - juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; "]
["Abbreviations for risk factors: CA - circulatory arrest; CPB - cardiopulmonary bypass; DHCA - deep hypothermic circulatory arrest; IQ - intelligence quotient; LOS length of stay; SES - socioeconomic status"]
["Abbreviations for  measures of quality of life: CHQ-PF - Child Health Questionnaire-parent form;  CHQ-CF - Child Health Questionnaire-child form; IQLC - Inventory for the Assessment of the QoL in Children and Adolescents"]
["LQ-KID and LQ-KID-E: Quality of life self and parent report; PCQLI: Pediatric cardiac quality of life inventory: PedsQL - Paediatric QoL Inventory; TACQOL - TNO-AZL Child Quality of Life Questionnaire"]