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[{"$nulls":23},"(optional column)","(optional column)"]
["KMC searches and study abstract summary","STUDY IDENTIFIERS AND CONTEXT",{"$nulls":9},"STUDY DESIGN AND LIMITATIONS",{"$nulls":13},"INTERVENTION",{"$nulls":5},"OUTCOME EFFECTS",{"$nulls":7},"SUMMARY"]
["ABSTRACTED REFS",{"$nulls":11},"RCT (HIGH SCORE)",null,null,"If cluster RCT",null,"ALL FOLLOW UP STUDIES (RCT cRCT or Cohort)","QUASI EXPERIMENTAL (MODERATE) OBSERVATIONAL (LOW)",{"$nulls":3},"BEFORE/AFTER DESIGN (LOW TO VERY LOW)"]
["Include in new meta","INTERVENTION study code","Author","Year of publication","Journal ref","Years of study ","Country","Place in country","Urban or rural or mixed or unclear","Baseline/control mortality rate","Setting","Study design - randomised?","Allocation concealed?  (adequate randomization)","Assessment blinded?","Intent to treat analysis?","Cluster RCT redults adjusted for clustering?","If cluster RCT are there more than 12 units for analysis? (specify number)","Minimal loss to follow up? (more than 20% is serious limitation)","Is cohort or nested case control study?","If quasi experimental are there more than 12 units for analysis? (specify number)","Adjustment for confounding?","Reverse causality is not a serious issue?","Not before/after design? (if so then always low or very low)","In Cochrane?","Reason for exclusion from Cochrane?","Target population for the intervention (age, case defn)","Intervention definition","Other intervention at the same time","Coverage of the intervention (comment on quality)","Was the intervention delivered through the routine health system?","Comparison group (eg routine care and what this involved)","Outcome definition (eg deaths under five, deaths to 28 days, morbidity)","Intervention/endline numerator","Intervention/endline denominator","Control/baseline numerator","Control/basleine  denominator","Effect size RR or CFR","CI","p-value","EFFICACY OR EFFECTIVENESS? ","OVERALL STUDY LIMITATIONS?"," DIRECTNESS? (based on directness of outcome and applicability of context)","Comments"]
[null,"Mortality due to Pneumonia – community based oral antibiotic studies"]
[null,null,"Pandey ",1991,"Lancet 1991; 338: 993-997","1986-1989","Nepal","Jumla","Rural","Infant mortality 184 per 1000 live births","Poor immunization coverage and lacked routine child-health services","Non randomized -concurrent control","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","No","N/A","Yes","No","Before/After, Concurrent control",null,null,"Children less than 5 years of age","Cotrimoxazole 4 mg/kg BD for 5 days. Chloramphenicol if no improvement.","Maternal education, and 15% measles immunization coverage of children","<40-70% (estimates as per study PIs)","No","No disease surveillance or treatment.","Deaths due to neonatal pneumonia",16,681,81,681,0.89,"0.46-1.72",null,"Effectiveness","some","direct","Not randomized, coverage of intervention are estimates, exact data not available, varying intensity of co-interventions "]
[null,null,"Mtango ",1986,"Transactions  of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (1986) 80, 851-858","1983-1986","Tanzania","Bagamoyo","Rural","Infant mortality 36.3 per 1000 live births","Poor coastal area.","Non randomized -concurrent control","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","No","N/A","Yes","No","Before/After, Concurrent control",null,null,"Children less than 5 years of age","Cotrimoxazole PO","Health education to mothers about symptoms & signs of ARI and referring severe cases to the next higher level of care.","<40-70% (estimates as per study PIs)","No","No disease surveillance or treatment.","Deaths due to neonatal pneumonia",7,1638,37,1638,0.44,"0.18-1.07",null,"Effectiveness","some","direct","Not randomized, coverage of intervention are estimates, exact data not available, varying intensity of co-interventions "]
[null,null,"Khan",1990,"Bulletin of WHO 68(5); 577-585(1990)","1985-1987","Pakistan","Abbotabad","Rural",null,"poor area with low maternal education","Non randomized -concurrent control","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","No","Yes (38)","Yes","No","Before/After, Concurrent control",null,null,"Children less than 5 years of age","Cotrimoxazole PO","Qualified nurses monitored and supervised CHW activities and with assistance of the CHWs, conducted frequent, informal, interactive health education programs","<40-70% (estimates as per study PIs)","No","No disease surveillance or treatment.","Deaths due to neonatal pneumonia or sepsis",26,2690,9,686,{"$nulls":3},"Effectiveness","many","direct","Did not give pneumonia specific mortality reduction, not randomized, coverage of intervention are estimates, exact data not available, varying intensity of co-interventions "]
["Include",2,"Bang",1990,"Lancet 1990; 336: 201-206","1987-1989","India","Gadchiroli","Rural",null,"Low literacy, poor health facilities, and malnutrtion.","Non randomized -concurrent control","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","Concurrent case control study","N/A","Yes","No","N/A",null,null,"Children less than 5 years of age","Cotrimoxazole PO 2.5 ml twice daily for 7 days","Mass health education about childhood pneumonia","76%\n(for children <5)\n76%\n(for children <5)\n76%\n(for children <5)\n76%\n(for children <5)\n","No","No disease surveillance or treatment.","Deaths due to neonatal pneumonia or sepsis",31,1533,104,1533,0.52,"0.33-0.82",null,"Effectiveness","some","direct","Not randomized, coverage of intervention are estimates, exact data not available, varying intensity of co-interventions "]
["Include","Mortality due to Pneumonia - community based injectable antibiotic studies"]
[null,null,"No studies identified"]
["Include","Mortality due to Pneumonia - hospital based full case management ",{"$nulls":34},"CFR:"]
["JUDITH LOOKS LIKE NO MORT OR MORB OUTCOMES/??",4,"Kaushik",1998,"J. Commun. Dis. 30(3) 147-152","1994-1995","India",null,"Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal pneumonia","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",{"v":0.308,"d":"30.80%"},null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
["Include",5,"Parkash",2005,"JCollPhysicians SurgPak 2005;15(6): 341-4.",2001,"Pakistan","Karachi","Urban",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal pneumonia","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",{"v":0.144,"d":"14.40%"},null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
["Include","Mortality due to Sepsis – community based oral antibiotic studies"]
[null,null,"No studies identified"]
["Include","Mortality due to Sepsis – community based injectable antibiotic studies"]
["Databases - Pubmed, Cochrane (let's discuss if need to do others but not top priority right now)",null,"Bhandari",1996,"Lancet 1996; 347: 1774-1775",2007,"India","Delhi","Urban",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Cephalexin PO and amikacin IM","No","N/A","No","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","CFR: 3.3%",null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Baqui",2009,"Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009;28: 304–310","2004-2005","Bangladesh","Sylhet","Rural",null,null,"Observational data on individual infants evaluated during the cluster randomized trial ","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Procaine penicillin and gentamicin","Referral for very severe disease or possible very severe disease with multiple signs, by CHWs to govt subdistrict hospitals. If the family was unable to comply with referral, the CHWs treated local skin and umbilical cord infections with gentian violet and made follow up visits to reassess the infant.","N/A","No","Control group is families unable to comply with referral and were not offered treatment with injectable antibiotics at home.","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis",9,204,24,112,0.22,"0.07-0.71",null,"Effectiveness","Some","Direct","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Bang",1999,"Lancet 1999; 354: 1955–61","1993-1998","India","Gadchiroli","Rural",null,null,"Non randomized-concurrent control trial","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Gentamicin IM and cotrimoxazole","Comprehensive perinatal care package including trained TBAs, VHWs undertaking >6 home visits, targeting of small babies for extra support, comm. mobilization for healthy home behaviors etc","Years 1996-97 85%, Years 1997-98 93% ","No","Patients refusing referral and not getting IM antibiotics.","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis",54,1783,113,2048,0.56,"0.41-0.77",null,"Effectiveness","Some","Indirect","Non randomized."]
[null,null,"Baqui",2008,"Lancet 2008; 371: 1936–44","2004-2006","Bangladesh","Sylhet","Rural",null,null,"Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes","Yes (24)","Yes","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Procaine penicillin and gentamicin","Birth and newborn-care preparedness postnatal home visits for newborns assessment on 1,3,7 days of birth. Referral when needed.","41% estimated from adequacy surveys","No","Patients refusing referral and not getting IM antibiotics.","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis",82,2812,125,2872,0.66,"0.47-0.93",null,"Effectiveness","Some","Indirect","RTC"]
["Include","Mortality due to Sepsis – hospital based full case management",{"$nulls":34},"CFR:"]
[null,null,"Bell",2005,"Ann. Trop. Paediatr","1995-2000","Jamaica","Mona","Urban",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",6.7,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Trotman",2006,"West Indian Medical Journal","1995-2000","Jamaica","Jamaica","Urban",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",6.7,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Hervas",1993,"Clin. Inf. Dis","1977-1991","Spain","Mallorca","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",7.5,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Lopez Sastre",2005,"Acta. Paediatr.","2000-01","Spain","multiple","Mixed",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",8.75,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Moreno",1994,"Ped Infect Dis Journal","1975-1992","Panama","Panama City","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",8.9,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Robillard",2000,"West. Ind. Med. J.","1993-1995","Guadeloupe","Guadeloupe","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",8.9,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Persson",2002,"Acta. Paediatr.","1987-1996","Sweden","Goteborg","Mixed",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",9,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Kallman",1997,"Acta. Paediatr.","1988-1994","Sweden","Orebro","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",9.4,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Bang",2005,"J of Perinatology","1996-2003","India","Gadchiroli","Rural",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",9.6,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Watson",2003,"Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care. Med",1995,"USA","multiple","Mixed",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",10.3,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Galanakis",2002,"Scand Jour Infect Dis","1989-1998","Greece","Ioannina","Mixed",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",11.1,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Karunasekera",1999,"Ceylon Med Jour",1996,"Sri Lanka","Columbo","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",11.2,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Patel",1999,"Acta. Paediatr.","1992-1995","USA","Jackson","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",11.4,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Park",2007,"Pediatric. Int.","1990-1997","Korea","Chinju","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",12.1,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Cordero",1999,"Inf. Control & Hosp. Epid","1992-1997","USA","Columbus","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",12.5,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Berger",1998,"Acta. Paediatr.","1988-1994","Austria","Vienna","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",12.73,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Cordero",2004,"Am. J. Infec. Control","1992-2002","USA","Columbus","Urban",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",12.9,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Das",1998,"Ind J Pub Health","1995-1996","India","Calcutta","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",12.9,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Karthkeyan",2001,"IJP",1997,"India","Chennai","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",13.53,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Wolf",2000,"Inf. Dis. In Obstet. Gynecol","1992-97","Netherlands","Amsterdam","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",13.6,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Kuruvilla",1998,"Indian Pedriatrics","1995-1996","India","Vellore","Mixed",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",14.1,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Jiang",2004,"J Micro Immun Infect","1992-2001","Taiwan","Taipei","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",16.3,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Bang",1999,"Lancet","1995-1996","India","Gadchirali district","Rural",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",16.6,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Das",1999,"J. Ind. Med. Assoc.","1994-1995","India","Calcutta","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",17.1,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Bang",2001,"Indian Pedriatrics","1995-96","India","Gadchirali","Rural",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",18.5,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Nat. Neonat. Perinat. Database",1997,"Indian Pediatrics",1995,"India","Multiple","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",18.8,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Lee",2004,"J. Chin. Med. Assoc.","1999-2001","Taiwan","Taipei","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",20.7,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Bhutta",1997,"J. Trop. Paeditrics","1989-1994","Pakistan","Karachi","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",22.3,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Boo",1994,"JPCH","1986-91","Malaysia","KL","Urban",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",23,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Ali",2004,"Ann. Trop. Paediatr","1996-1997","Trinidad","Mount Hope","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",26.5,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Kaushik",1998,"J. Commun. Dis",1998,"India","…","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",27.5,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Waheed",2003,"JCPSP",2000,"Pakistan","Lahore","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",28.1,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Lim",1995,"Med J. Malay",1991,"Malaysia","Kuala Lumpur","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",30.3,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Parkash",2005,"JCPSP",2001,"Pakistan","Karachi","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",30.76,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Adejuyigbe",2001,"E. Afr. Med. J.","1994-1995","Nigeria","Ile-Ife","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",33.3,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Simiyu",2003,"E. Afr. Med. J.",2000,"Kenya","Nairobi","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",35.2,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Simiyu",2005,"East. Afr. Med. J.",2000,"Kenya","Nairobi","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",36.5,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Anyebuno",1995,"E. Afr. Med. J.","1991-1992","Ghana","Accra","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",37.2,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Ghiorgis",1997,"Ethiop. Med. J.","1992-93","Ethiopia","Addis Ababa","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",39.1,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Ahmed",2002,"Ind. Pediatrics",1998,"Bangladesh","Dhaka","Urban",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",40,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Mathur",1996,"Indian Pediatrics",1996,"India","New Delhi","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",48.5,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Milledge",2005,"Ann. Trop. Paediatr","1996-2001","Malawi","Blantyre","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",52,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
[null,null,"Moore",2005,"Pediatric Infect Dis Journal",2001,"Egypt","Cairo","Unclear",null,null,"Observational","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Neonates","Inpatient treatment of infections","No","N/A","Yes","N/A","Deaths due to neonatal sepsis","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",67,null,null,"Effectiveness","Many","Indirect","Not trial. Observational study."]
{"$rows_empty":10}
["Number"]

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["Rules for estimating effectiveness value"]
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["Rule 0\nThere must be a total of 50? events (whether mortality, or severe morbidity or morbidity) before we consider we have any data on this outcome suitable for inclusion in the calculation.  (Should be in Table 2 and can contribute to expert opinion)\n"]
{"$rows_empty":8}
["\nRule 1\nIf you have no evidence on effect on cause specific mortality but you do have evidence of effect on all-cause mortality \n Then translate all-cause into cause-specific, adjust level of quality assessment (see below)\n"]
{"$rows_empty":9}
["Rule for adjustment for all-cause to cause-specific mortality data\nIf we have evidence on all-cause mortality this needs to be translated into cause-specific and then it is used in the three rules below.  But assessment of the quality of evidence is dropped one level before it is applied, e.g., good all-cause mortality becomes moderate cause-specific.  High=>moderate, Moderate=>poor; Poor=> Very Poor; Very Poor drops out.\n"]
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["Rule 2\nIf there is high or moderate evidence of reduction in cause-specific mortality effect, \n Then use the mortality effect\n\nIssues for Rule 2\nWhat is the comparison arm and does this reflect practice/conditions in the settings we are interested in?  Do we deal with this?  We should at least note the comparison group and we will have a more conservative estimate of effectiveness.\n"]
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["Rule 3\nIf there is low quality of evidence (or very low quality) of evidence of reduction in cause-specific mortality \nAnd there is high or moderate quality of evidence of serious morbidity effect (in the same direction)\n Then use the smaller of the two effects\n\nIssues for 3\nWhat is the comparison arm and does this reflect practice/conditions in the settings we are interested in?  This implies you have a continuum of severity (closeness to death as outcome) for the morbidity endpoints\n"]
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["Rule 4\n If there is low (or very low quality) of evidence of a reduction in cause-specific mortality\nAnd if there is low (or very low quality) evidence of serious morbidity reduction\nAnd if there is high or moderate evidence of mild morbidity reduction\n Then take the smallest of the three effects\n\nIssues for 4\nUsually these would be treatment studies where one compares deaths rates among treatment arms.\nWhat is the comparison arm and does this reflect practice in the settings we are interested in?  If not, how do we deal with this? This implies you have a continuum of severity (closeness to death as outcome) for the morbidity endpoints\n\nIf there is no evidence for mortality (i.e. data on< 50 deaths)\n"]
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["Rule 5\nAnd if there are high quality data on most serious morbidity\nThen use this value as the estimate \n"]
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["Rule 6\nIf there are moderate or low or very low quality data on serious morbidity\nAnd high or moderate quality data on mild/moderate morbidity\n Then take the smaller of the two effects\n\nIf there is no evidence for mortality or serious morbidity (i.e. data on < 50 events)\n"]
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["Rule 7          \nIf there are high quality data on mild/moderate morbidity\n Then use the value of the most severe value as the estimate\n\nIssues for Rules 5, 6 and 7\nWe may want to have an adjustment that is applied to this for the best estimate.  This would be based on an analysis of the table 2 findings for all of the interventions\n\nIf there is not sufficient evidence on mortality, serious morbidity or high quality data on mild/moderate morbidity to rules 1-7,\n Then use expert opinion"]
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["Expert process\nIf you do not have evidence that meets the conditions of rules 0-7 above,\nAnd there is a clear and obvious clinic benefit,\n Then use expert judgment of effectiveness based on the following guidance\n\nTo generate expert opinion:\nUse a wide group of “appropriate” experts (worked in multiple settings, developing country experience, public health experience, epidemiological expertise, etc.  Variety of experience and background matters).  \nThe members of the group consulted should be listed\nLook for data on treatment failure rates from various countries to get range:  High income and Good care; low-income and Good care; Low-income and poor care.\nLook for data on CFR and/or historic data \nBe conservative in the estimate of impact"]
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["For Table 2 \nFor meta analysis for values in Table 2 (one for each category of studies)\n1. Run a meta analysis\n2. Check for heterogeneity\n3. If there is heterogeneity, look to see what explains it (visual inspection, stratified analysis and meta regression).\n4. As last resort, do a random effects model\n\nFor plausibility bounds\nWhen there is a direct estimate of cause-specific mortality, take the statistical range (not sure yet if 95% or 90 or 1 sd).\nThen we add a set increase (say 5%) in relative error based on which step used.  So if you used step 3, you would take the measured error and add two relative error units or 10% relative error.\nThe increases for each step and the range of the measured values will be set once we have an idea of that the measured error is.\nEncouraged to try different approaches\n"]