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["Additional file 2. Quality characteristics of all eligible studies."]
["Study","Exposure definition","Exposure measurement","Outcome definition","Outcome ascertainment","Exposure classification","Outcome classification","No. of lags tested","Analysis","Degree of confounder adjustment"]
["Morris, US (1996)[15]","Effluent turbidity","Mean turbidity over 14 days","ICD coded admissions, A&E and outpatient visits","Computer records","No attempt to match diagnoses to treatment plant","ICD codes","1 (1 week)","Time-series-adapted multivariable Poisson generalized additive modelling (GAM) correlating 2-week counts of admissions/visits with 2-week average turbidity (with a 1-week lag)","day of the week"]
["Schwartz, US (1997)[17]","Effluent turbidity","Mean daily turbidity","ICD coded admissions and A&E visits","Computer records","Postcodes","ICD codes",14,"Time-series-adapted multivariable Poisson GAM correlating daily counts of hospital admissions/A&E visits with daily water turbidity (with 14 lags tested)","day of the week, long-term time trends, season, temperature"]
["Morris, US (1998)[23]","Effluent turbidity","Mean daily turbidity","ICD coded admissions, A&E and outpatient visits","Computer records","Postcodes","ICD codes",20,"Time-series-adapted multivariable Poisson GAM correlating daily counts of hospital admissions/A&E visits with daily water turbidity (with 20 lags tested). Temporal Exposure Response Surface (TERS) plots for visualization of associations.","day of the week, season"]
["Beaudeau, France (1999)[21]","Pre-treatment and effluent turbidity","Mean turbidity over 3- and 7-day time steps ","Medication sales","Sales records (unclear if computerised)","No attempt to match sales to treatment plant","Medication sales","4 (pre-treatment), 15 (effluent)","Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average methodology correlating mean of 3-day or 7-day drug sales with mean pre-treatment or effluent water turbidity over same time steps (4 lags for pre-treatment and 15 lags for effluent water tested)","season, week"]
["Schwartz, US (2000)[24]","Effluent turbidity","Mean daily turbidity","ICD coded hospital admissions","Computer records","Postcodes","ICD codes",14,"Time-series-adapted multivariable Poisson GAM  correlating daily counts of hospital admissions with daily water turbidity (with 14 lags tested) ","day of the week, long-term time trends, season, temperature"]
["Aramini, Canada (2000)[20]","Pre-treatment turbidity","Mean daily turbidity","ICD coded admissions, A&E and outpatient visits","Computer records","Postcodes and buffer zones","ICD codes",40,"Time-series-adapted multivariable Poisson GAM correlating daily counts outcome with daily water turbidity (with 39 lags tested).","day of the week, long-term time trends, season, temperature, precipitation, public holidays"]
[{"$nulls":8},"Binomial Generalised Linear Modelling (GLM) and GAM for individual risk analysis. TERS plots for visualization of associations."]
["Lim, Canada (2002)[25]","Effluent turbidity","Mean daily turbidity","ICD coded hospital admissions, A&E, physician and long-term care visits","Computer records","Postcodes and buffer zones","ICD codes",41,"Time-series-adapted multivariable Poisson GAM correlating daily counts of GI illness cases  with daily water turbidity (with 41 lags tested)","day of the week, long-term time trends, season, temperature, precipitation, public holidays"]
[{"$nulls":8},"Also, binomial GAM for individual risk analysis. TERS plots for visualization of associations."]
["Naumova, US (2003)[26]","Effluent turbidity","Mean daily turbidity","ICD coded hospital admissions and A&E visits","Computer records","Postcodes","ICD codes",19,"Time-series-adapted multivariable Poisson GAM and GLM correlating daily counts of GI illness with maximum daily water turbidity (with 19 lags tested).","day of the week"]
["Gilbert, Canada (2006)[22]","Effluent turbidity","Mean daily turbidity","Calls to Info-Santé CLSC","Computer records","CLSC (postcode based)","Calls for ‘acute gastrointestinal illness’ (AGI)*",40,"Time-series-adapted multivariable Poisson GAM and GLM correlating daily counts of GI illness with maximum daily water turbidity (with 40 lags tested). TERS plots for visualization of associations.","day of the week, season, precipitation, public holidays"]
["* AGI was defined as mention of at least one of: vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal cramps"]
["or any symptoms related to the gastrointestinal tract, excluding post surgery and pregnancy cases."]

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