{"text_format":"3","workbook":"xls","n_sheets":3,"sheets":["Affected Enzymes","DrugId","Metabolic Signatures"],"not_rendered":{"external_links":1},"read":"whole","date_system":"1900","formulas":"cached_only"}

{"sheet":"Affected Enzymes","index":0,"n_rows":76,"n_cols":2,"rows_kept":76,"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
["RBC Protein","Associated Drug Bank Id"]
["ABCC4","DB01327"]
["ABCG2","DB00619, DB01054, DB01204, DB00622, DB01030, DB01098, DB01232"]
["ADA","DB00552, DB00242, DB00975, DB01073"]
["ADCY7","DB01200, DB01497"]
["AHCY","DB03216, DB02325"]
["AK1","DB01717"]
["AKR1B1","DB01689, DB02020, DB02021, DB02101, DB02132, DB02712, DB02834, DB02383, DB02994, DB00605, DB03461, DB04272"]
["ALAD","DB02878"]
["ALDH1A1","DB00755"]
["ALDH1A2","DB00755"]
["AMD1","DB03375, DB03754"]
["AMPD3","DB00993, DB01033"]
["CA1","DB00311, DB00381, DB00703, DB00819, DB01144, DB01194, DB00436, DB00562, DB00606, DB00880, DB00909, DB00999, DB01031, DB01119, DB01202, DB01325, DB00232, DB00774, DB01021, DB00661, DB01867"]
["CA2","DB00869, DB01031, DB01671, DB01748, DB01784, DB01964, DB02069, DB02087, DB02220, DB02221, DB02292, DB02429, DB02479, DB02535, DB02602, DB02610, DB02679, DB02861, DB02866, DB02894, DB02986, DB03039, DB03221, DB03262, DB03270, DB03294, DB03333, DB03385, DB03526, DB03594, DB03596, DB03598, DB03674, DB03697, DB03844, DB03877, DB03950, DB03975, DB04002, DB04081, DB04089, DB04180, DB04203, DB04371, DB04394, DB04507, DB04549, DB04600, DB04601, DB04763, DB01194, , DB00273, DB00436, DB00562, DB00606, DB00880, DB00999, DB01119, DB01325, DB00819, DB00232, DB00774, DB01021, DB03131, , DB04184"]
["CAT","DB01213, DB04184"]
["CLC","DB02967, DB02983, DB02687"]
["COMT","DB00323, DB00494, DB01235"]
["CPT1A","DB01074"]
["CPT2","DB01074"]
["DCXR","DB02831, DB03461"]
["ENPP1","DB01143, DB00811"]
["FECH","DB02659"]
["G6PD","DB03085, DB03461"]
["GALE","DB03095, DB04355, DB01867"]
["GALK1","DB04395"]
["GCK","DB02379"]
["GLO1","DB03130, DB03330, DB03602, DB03345, DB04132"]
["GMPR","DB00993, DB01033"]
["GMPS","DB00993, DB01033"]
["GNPDA1","DB02445, DB03951, DB02379"]
["GPI","DB03042, DB03131"]
["GSR","DB00262, DB01644, DB02553, DB02895, DB03867,  DB02153"]
["HAGH","DB03889, DB04399, DB04184"]
["HK1","DB04395, DB02379"]
["HMOX1","DB02073, DB02468, DB03906, DB04803"]
["HPRT1","DB00352, DB00993, DB01033"]
["IDH1","DB03461"]
["IMPA1","DB01356"]
["IMPDH1","DB03948, DB00688, DB01024, DB00352, DB00993, DB01033, DB00811"]
["IMPDH2","DB00688, DB01024, DB03070, DB03948, DB01693, DB00993, DB01033, DB03055"]
["ITPKA","DB04395"]
["LDHA","DB03940, , DB04184"]
["LDHB","DB02401, DB03940"]
["LTA4H","DB03366, DB03424, DB04184"]
["MTAP","DB02158, DB02281, DB02933, DB02282, "]
["NMNAT3","DB02596"]
["NP","DB00242, DB01667, DB02392, DB02568, DB03551, DB03609, DB02230, , DB03743, DB03881, , DB00787"]
["NPR1","DB00325, DB00727, DB00883, DB01020, DB01613, DB04899"]
["NPR2","DB01613, DB04899"]
["NT5C2","DB00811"]
["ODC1","DB04083"]
["PDE10A","DB00975"]
["PDE1B","DB04530"]
["PDE2A","DB00605, DB00203"]
["PDE3A","DB00235, DB00261, DB00277, DB01223, DB04880, DB01166, DB01427"]
["PDE3B","DB01640, DB01970"]
["PDE4A","DB00820, DB00235, DB00651, DB00806, DB01166, DB00824, DB00277, DB00692, DB00975, DB01088"]
["PDE4B","DB00651, DB00806, DB00824, DB01113, DB01166, DB01427, DB01647, DB01959, DB02660, DB03349, DB03606, DB03807, DB04149, DB00201, DB00277, DB01954, DB03849, DB04530"]
["PDE4C","DB00651"]
["PDE4D","DB01954, DB03606, DB04149, DB00651"]
["PDE7A","DB00920, DB00651"]
["PDE7B","DB00920, DB00651"]
["PFKFB1","DB02930"]
["PKLR","DB02726"]
["PLA2G2A","DB02504, DB02936, DB03121, DB03471, DB04112, DB04287"]
["PLA2G4A","DB00253, DB00324, DB00180, DB00588, DB00591, DB00846, DB01047, DB01103"]
["PLA2G6","DB01103"]
["PNPO","DB03345"]
["PRDX2","DB04048, DB02153"]
["SLC12A7","DB00761"]
["SLC29A1","DB00197"]
["SLC2A1","DB00292"]
["SLCO1B1","DB00390, DB01241, DB00175"]
["SORD","DB04478"]
["UROD","DB03727, DB03131"]

{"sheet":"DrugId","index":1,"n_rows":298,"n_cols":4,"rows_kept":298,"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
["Drugs that affect RBC Proteins","Name","Drug Type","Description"]
["DB04899","Nesiritide","Approved,Biotech","Nesiritide is a medication used to treat acutely decompensated congestive heart failure with dyspnea at rest or with minimal exertion (such as talk, eating or bathing). Nesiritide is the recombinant form of the 32 amino acid human B-type natriuretic peptide, which is normally produced by the ventricular myocardium."]
["DB01031","Ethinamate","Withdrawn,SmallMolecule","Ethinamate is a short-acting sedative-hypnotic medication used to treat insomnia. Regular use leads to tolerance, and it is usually not effective for more than 7 days. Structurally, it does not resemble the barbituates, but it shares many effects with this class of drugs; the depressant effects of ethinamate are, however, generally milder than those of most barbiturates."]
["DB00755","Tretinoin","Approved,Nutraceutical","Tretinoin, also known as all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), is a naturally occurring derivative of vitamin A (retinol). Retinoids such as tretinoin are important regulators of cell reproduction, proliferation, and differentiation and are used to treat acne and photodamaged skin and to manage keratinization disorders such as ichthyosis and keratosis follicularis. Tretinoin also represents the class of anticancer drugs called differentiating agents and is used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)."]
["DB00180","Flunisolide","Approved,SmallMolecule","Flunisolide (marketed as AeroBid, Nasalide, Nasarel) is a corticosteroid often prescribed as treatment for allergic rhinitis."]
["DB00203","Sildenafil","Approved,SmallMolecule","Sildenafil (in citrate form), sold under the names Viagra, Revatio and under various other names, is a drug used to treat male erectile dysfunction (impotence) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), developed by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer. Its primary competitors on the market are tadalafil (Cialis), and vardenafil (Levitra). [Wikipedia]"]
["DB00242","Cladribine","Approved,SmallMolecule","An antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases including hairy-cell leukemia. [PubChem]"]
["DB00273","Topiramate","Approved,SmallMolecule","Topiramate (brand name Topamax) is an anticonvulsant drug produced by Ortho-McNeil Neurologics, a division of Johnson & Johnson. It is used to treat epilepsy in both children and adults. In children it is also indicated for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (a disorder that causes seizures and developmental delays). It is also Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for, and now most frequently prescribed for, the prevention of migraines. [Wikipedia]"]
["DB00494","Entacapone","Approved,SmallMolecule","Entacapone is a catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitor for the treatment of Parkinsons disease. When administered in conjunction with dopaminergic agents such as L-DOPA, entacapone increases the bioavailability of these compounds by facilitating their passage across the blood-brain barrier."]
["DB00552","Pentostatin","Approved,SmallMolecule","A potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. The drug is effective in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly hairy-cell leukemia. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity. [PubChem]"]
["DB00588","Fluticasone Propionate","Approved,SmallMolecule","Fluticasone propionate, a medium-potency synthetic corticosteroid, is used topically to relieve inflammatory and pruritic symptoms of dermatoses and psoriasis, intranasally to manage symptoms of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, and orally for the treatment of asthma."]
["DB00591","Fluocinolone Acetonide","Approved,SmallMolecule","A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). It is also being investigatied by pSivida and Alimera, under the brand name Medidur, as a sustained release intraocular implant for the treatment of diabetic macular edema."]
["DB00688","Mycophenolate mofetil","Approved,SmallMolecule","Mycophenolate mofetil is the 2-morpholinoethyl ester of mycophenolic acid (MPA), an immunosuppressive agent, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor."]
["DB00727","Nitroglycerin","Approved,SmallMolecule","A volatile vasodilator which relieves angina pectoris by stimulating guanylate cyclase and lowering cytosolic calcium. [PubChem]"]
["DB00806","Pentoxifylline","Approved,SmallMolecule","A methylxanthine derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production. [PubChem]"]
["DB00820","Tadalafil","Approved,SmallMolecule","Tadalafil is an orally adminstered drug used to treat male erectile dysfunction (impotence). It is marketed worldwide under the brand name Cialis. It is a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. Tadalafils distinguishing pharmacologic feature is its longer half-life (17.5 hours) compared with Viagra and Levitra (4-5 hours). This longer half-life results in a longer duration of action and is, in part, responsible for the Cialis nickname of the \"weekend pill.\" This longer half-life also is the basis of current investigation for tadalafils use in pulmonary arterial hypertension as a once-daily therapy. [Wikipedia]"]
["DB00909","Zonisamide","Approved,SmallMolecule","Zonisamide is a sulfonamide anticonvulsant approved for use as an adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures. Zonisamide may be a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor although this is not one of the primary mechanisms of action. Zonisamide may act by blocking repetitive firing of voltage-gated sodium channels leading to a reduction of T-type calcium channel currents, or by binding allosterically to GABA receptors. This latter action may inhibit the uptake of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA while enhancing the uptake of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate."]
["DB01030","Topotecan","Approved,SmallMolecule","An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA topoisomerases, type I. [PubChem]"]
["DB01047","Fluocinonide","Approved,SmallMolecule","A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of eczema. [PubChem]"]
["DB01088","Iloprost","Approved,SmallMolecule","Iloprost is a synthetic analogue of prostacyclin PGI2. Iloprost dilates systemic and pulmonary arterial vascular beds. It is used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)."]
["DB01098","Rosuvastatin","Approved,SmallMolecule","Rosuvastatin is a member of the drug class of statins, used to treat hypercholesterolemia and related conditions. Rosuvastatin is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase."]
["DB01143","Amifostine","Approved,SmallMolecule","A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia. [PubChem]"]
["DB01200","Bromocriptine","Approved,SmallMolecule","A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion. [PubChem]"]
["DB01202","Levetiracetam","Approved,SmallMolecule","Levetiracetam is an anticonvulsant medication used to treat epilepsy. Levetiracetam may selectively prevent hypersynchronization of epileptiform burst firing and propagation of seizure activity. Levetiracetam binds to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, which is thought to be involved in the regulation of vesicle exocytosis. Although the molecular significance of levetiracetam binding to synaptic vesicle protein SV2A is not understood, levetiracetam and related analogs showed a rank order of affinity for SV2A which correlated with the potency of their antiseizure activity in audiogenic seizure-prone mice."]
["DB01204","Mitoxantrone","Approved,SmallMolecule","An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent. [PubChem]"]
["DB01232","Saquinavir","Approved,SmallMolecule","An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases. [PubChem]"]
["DB04880","Enoximone","Approved,SmallMolecule","Enoximone is a selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with congestive heart failure. Trials were halted in the U.S., but the drug is used in various countries."]
["DB00175","Pravastatin","Approved,SmallMolecule","An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (hydroxymethylglutaryl COA reductases). [PubChem]"]
["DB00201","Caffeine","Approved,SmallMolecule","A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine&#39;s most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes smooth muscle, stimulates cardiac muscle, stimulates diuresis, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, antagonism of adenosine receptors, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling. [PubChem]"]
["DB00232","Methyclothiazide","Approved,SmallMolecule","A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)"]
["DB00235","Milrinone","Approved,SmallMolecule","A positive inotropic cardiotonic agent with vasodilator properties. It inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase activity in myocardium and vascular smooth muscle. Milrinone is a derivative of amrinone and has 20-30 times the ionotropic potency of amrinone. [PubChem]"]
["DB00253","Medrysone","Approved,SmallMolecule","Medrysone is a corticosteroid used in ophthalmology. [Wikipedia]"]
["DB00261","Anagrelide","Approved,SmallMolecule","Anagrelide is a drug used for the treatment of essential thrombocytosis (ET; essential thrombocythemia). It also has been used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. [Wikipedia]"]
["DB00262","Carmustine","Approved,SmallMolecule","A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)"]
["DB00277","Theophylline","Approved,SmallMolecule","A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities.  Theophylline inhibits the 3&#39;,5&#39;-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase that degrades cyclic AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP. [PubChem]"]
["DB00292","Etomidate","Approved,SmallMolecule","Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic. [PubChem]"]
["DB00311","Ethoxzolamide","Approved,SmallMolecule","A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and  in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia. [PubChem]"]
["DB00324","Fluorometholone","Approved,SmallMolecule","A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)"]
["DB00325","Nitroprusside","Approved,SmallMolecule","Nitroprusside serves as a source of nitric oxide, a potent peripheral vasodilator that affects both arterioles and venules (venules more than arterioles). Nitroprusside is often administered intravenously to patients who are experiencing a hypertensive emergency. [Wikipedia]"]
["DB00352","Thioguanine","Approved,SmallMolecule","An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia. [PubChem]"]
["DB00381","Amlodipine","Approved,SmallMolecule","A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. [PubChem]"]
["DB00390","Digoxin","Approved,SmallMolecule","A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone digoxigenin. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666)"]
["DB00436","Bendroflumethiazide","Approved,SmallMolecule","A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810)"]
["DB00562","Benzthiazide","Approved,SmallMolecule","Benzthiazide is used to treat hypertension and edema. Like other thiazides, benzthiazide promotes water loss from the body (diuretics). They inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys. Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are not necessarily due to their diuretic activity. Thiazides have been shown to prevent hypertension-related morbidity and mortality although the mechanism is not fully understood. Thiazides cause vasodilation by activating calcium-activated potassium channels (large conductance) in vascular smooth muscles and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue."]
["DB00605","Sulindac","Approved,SmallMolecule","Sulindac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the arylalkanoic acid class that is marketed in the U.S. by Merck as Clinoril. Like other NSAIDs, it is useful in the treatment of acute or chronic inflammatory conditions. Sulindac is a prodrug, derived from sulfinylindene that is converted in the body to an active NSAID. More specifically, the agent is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This is thought to help maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects. Some studies have shown sulindac to be relatively less irritating to the stomach than other NSAIDs except for drugs of the COX-2 inhibitor class. The exact mechanism of its NSAID properties is unknown, but it is thought to act on enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis."]
["DB00606","Cyclothiazide","Approved,SmallMolecule","As a diuretic, cyclothiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. Thiazides like cyclothiazide also inhibit sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium through binding to the thiazide sensitive sodium-chloride transporter. This results in an increase in potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. The antihypertensive mechanism of cyclothiazide is less well understood although it may be mediated through its action on carbonic anhydrases in the smooth muscle or through its action on the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channel, also found in the smooth muscle. Cyclothiazide is indicated as adjunctive therapy in edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy. It is also indicated in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent or to enhance the effectiveness of other antihypertensive drugs in the more severe forms of hypertension."]
["DB00619","Imatinib","Approved,SmallMolecule","Imatinib is a drug used to treat certain types of cancer. It is currently marketed by Novartis as Gleevec (USA) or Glivec (Europe/Australia) as its mesylate salt, imatinib mesilate (INN). It is occasionally referred to as CGP57148B or STI571 (especially in older publications). It is used in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and a number of other malignancies."]
["DB00622","Nicardipine","Approved,SmallMolecule","A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents. [PubChem]"]
["DB00651","Dyphylline","Approved,SmallMolecule","A theophylline derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. [PubChem]"]
["DB00661","Verapamil","Approved,SmallMolecule","A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent. [PubChem]"]
["DB00692","Phentolamine","Approved,SmallMolecule","A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of raynaud disease and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease. [PubChem]"]
["DB00703","Methazolamide","Approved,SmallMolecule","A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma. [PubChem]"]
["DB00774","Hydroflumethiazide","Approved,SmallMolecule","A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822)"]
["DB00787","Aciclovir","Approved,SmallMolecule","A guanosine analog that acts as an antimetabolite.  Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes. [PubChem]"]
["DB00811","Ribavirin","Approved,SmallMolecule","A nucleoside antimetabolite antiviral agent that blocks nucleic acid synthesis and is used against both RNA and DNA viruses. [PubChem]"]
["DB00819","Acetazolamide","Approved,SmallMolecule","One of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)"]
["DB00824","Enprofylline","Approved,SmallMolecule","Enprofylline is a derivative of theophylline which shares bronchodilator properties. Enprofylline is used in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Long-term enprofylline administration may be associated with elevation in liver enzyme levels and unpredictable blood levels."]
["DB00846","Flurandrenolide","Approved,SmallMolecule","A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)"]
["DB00869","Dorzolamide","Approved,SmallMolecule","Dorzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It is used in ophthalmic solutions (Trusopt) to lower increased intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension."]
["DB00880","Chlorothiazide","Approved,SmallMolecule","A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812)"]
["DB00883","Isosorbide Dinitrate","Approved,SmallMolecule","A vasodilator used in the treatment of angina pectoris. Its actions are similar to nitroglycerin but with a slower onset of action. [PubChem]"]
["DB00920","Ketotifen","Approved,SmallMolecule","A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis. [PubChem]"]
["DB00975","Dipyridamole","Approved,SmallMolecule","A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)"]
["DB00993","Azathioprine","Approved,SmallMolecule","An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)"]
["DB00999","Hydrochlorothiazide","Approved,SmallMolecule","A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism. [PubChem]"]
["DB01020","Isosorbide Mononitrate","Approved,SmallMolecule","Isosorbide mononitrate is a drug used principally in the treatment of angina pectoris[1] and acts by dilating the blood vessels so as to reduce the blood pressure. It is sold by AstraZeneca under the trade name Imdur."]
["DB01021","Trichlormethiazide","Approved,SmallMolecule","A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830)"]
["DB01024","Mycophenolic acid","Approved,SmallMolecule","Mycophenolic acid is an an immunosuppresant drug and potent anti-proliferative, and can be used in place of the older anti-proliferative azathioprine. It is usually used as part of triple therapy including a calcineurin inhibitor (ciclosporin or tacrolimus) and prednisolone. It is also useful in research for the selection of animal cells that express the E. coli gene coding for XGPRT (xanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase)."]
["DB01033","Mercaptopurine","Approved,SmallMolecule","An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia. [PubChem]"]
["DB01054","Nitrendipine","Approved,SmallMolecule","A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive. [PubChem]"]
["DB01073","Fludarabine","Approved,SmallMolecule","Fludarabine (marketed as fludarabine phosphate under the trade name Fludara) is a chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of hematological malignancies. [Wikipedia]"]
["DB01074","Perhexiline","Approved,SmallMolecule","2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis. [PubChem]"]
["DB01103","Quinacrine","Approved,SmallMolecule","An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2. [PubChem]"]
["DB01113","Papaverine","Approved,SmallMolecule","An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels. [PubChem]"]
["DB01119","Diazoxide","Approved,SmallMolecule","A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group. [PubChem]"]
["DB01144","Dichlorphenamide","Approved,SmallMolecule","A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma. [PubChem]"]
["DB01166","Cilostazol","Approved,SmallMolecule","Cilostazol is a medication used in the alleviation of the symptom of intermittent claudication in individuals with peripheral vascular disease. It is manufactured by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. under the trade name Pletal. Although drugs similar to cilostazol have increased the risk of death in patients with congestive heart failure, studies of significant size have not addressed people without the disease. [Wikipedia]"]
["DB01194","Brinzolamide","Approved,SmallMolecule","Brinzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme found in many tissues of the body including the eye. It catalyzes the reversible reaction involving the hydration of carbon dioxide and the dehydration of carbonic acid. In humans, carbonic anhydrase exists as a number of isoenzymes, the most active being carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II). Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye decreases aqueous humor secretion, presumably by slowing the formation of bicarbonate ions with subsequent reduction in sodium and fluid transport. The result is a reduction in intraocular pressure. Brinzolamide is indicated in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma."]
["DB01213","Fomepizole","Approved,SmallMolecule","Fomepizole is used as an antidote in confirmed or suspected methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning. Fomepizole is a competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the initial steps in the metabolism of ethylene glycol and methanol to their toxic metabolites."]
["DB01223","Aminophylline","Approved,SmallMolecule","Aminophylline is a drug combination that contains theophylline and ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio. [Wikipedia]"]
["DB01235","Levodopa","Approved,SmallMolecule","The naturally occurring form of dihydroxyphenylalanine and the immediate precursor of dopamine. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to dopamine. It is used for the treatment of parkinsonian disorders and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. [PubChem]"]
["DB01241","Gemfibrozil","Approved,SmallMolecule","A lipid-regulating agent that lowers elevated serum lipids primarily by decreasing serum triglycerides with a variable reduction in total cholesterol. These decreases occur primarily in the VLDL fraction and less frequently in the LDL fraction. Gemfibrozil increases HDL subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 as well as apolipoproteins A-I and A-II. Its mechanism of action has not been definitely established. [PubChem]"]
["DB01325","Quinethazone","Approved,SmallMolecule","Quinethazone (INN, brand name Hydromox) is a thiazide diuretic used to treat hypertension. Common side effects include dizziness, dry mouth, nausea, and low potassium levels."]
["DB01327","Cefazolin","Approved,SmallMolecule","A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine. [PubChem]"]
["DB01356","Lithium","Approved,SmallMolecule","Lithium was used during the 19th century to treat gout. Lithium salts such as lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium citrate, and lithium orotate are mood stabilizers. They are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, since unlike most other mood altering drugs, they counteract both mania and depression. Lithium can also be used to augment other antidepressant drugs. It is also sometimes prescribed as a preventive treatment for migraine disease and cluster headaches. The active principle in these salts is the lithium ion Li+, which having a smaller diameter, can easily displace K+ and Na+ and even Ca+2, in spite of its greater charge, occupying their sites in several critical neuronal enzymes and neurotransmitter receptors."]
["DB01427","Amrinone","Approved,SmallMolecule","Amrinone (or inamrinone) is a type 3 pyridine phosphodiesterase inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of congestive heart failure."]
["DB01613","Erythrityl Tetranitrate","Approved,SmallMolecule","A vasodilator with general properties similar to nitroglycerin. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1020)"]
["DB00323","Tolcapone","SmallMolecule,Withdrawn","Tolcapone is a drug that inhibits the enzyme catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT). It is used in the treatment of Parkinsons disease as an adjunct to levodopa/carbidopa medication. It is a yellow, odorless, non-hygroscopic, crystalline compound. [Wikipedia]"]
["DB00761","Potassium Chloride","SmallMolecule,Withdrawn","A white crystal or crystalline powder used as an electrolyte replenisher, in the treatment of hypokalemia, in buffer solutions, and in fertilizers and explosives."]
["DB01497","Etorphine","Experimental,Illicit,SmallMolecule","A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice. In Hong Kong, Etorphine is regulated under Schedule 1 of Hong Kongs Chapter 134 Dangerous Drugs Ordinance. It can only be used legally by health professionals and for university research purposes. The substance can be given by pharmacists under a prescription. In the US, Etorphine is listed as a Schedule I drug, although Etorphine hydrochloride is classified as Schedule II."]
["DB01640","(5r)-6-(4-{[2-(3-Iodobenzyl)-3-Oxocyclohex-1-En-1-Yl]Amino}Phenyl)-5-Methyl-4,5-Dihydropyridazin-3(2h)-One","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB01644","3,6-Dihydroxy-Xanthene-9-Propionic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB01647","(R)-Mesopram","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB01667","8-Azaguanine","Experimental,SmallMolecule","One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids. [PubChem]"]
["DB01671","4-(Hydroxymercury)Benzoic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB01689","Inhibitor Idd 384","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB01693","Ribavirin Monophosphate","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB01717","Bis(Adenosine)-5-Pentaphosphate","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB01748","N-Benzyl-4-Sulfamoyl-Benzamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB01784","4-Flourobenzenesulfonamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB01867","Ethylene Glycol","Experimental,SmallMolecule","A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins. [PubChem]"]
["DB01954","4-[3-(Cyclopentyloxy)-4-Methoxyphenyl]-2-Pyrrolidinone","Experimental,SmallMolecule","A phosphodiesterase inhibitor with antidepressant properties. [PubChem]"]
["DB01959","3,5-Dimethyl-1-(3-Nitrophenyl)-1h-Pyrazole-4-Carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB01964","AL5424","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB01970","Hg9a-9, Nonanoyl-N-Hydroxyethylglucamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02020","Alrestatin","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02021","Fidarestat","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02069","N-(2-Flouro-Benzyl)-4-Sulfamoyl-Benzamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02073","Biliverdine Ix Alpha","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02087","3,5-Difluorobenzenesulfonamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02101","Fidarestat(Stereoisomer)","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02132","[3-(4-Bromo-2-Fluoro-Benzyl)-7-Chloro-2,4-Dioxo-3,4-Dihydro-2h-Quinazolin-1-Yl]-Acetic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02153","3-Sulfinoalanine","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02158","(1s)-1-(9-Deazaadenin-9-Yl)-1,4,5-Trideoxy-1,4-Imino-5-Methylthio-D-Ribitol","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02220","Al7089a","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02221","4-(Aminosulfonyl)-N-[(2,4,6-Trifluorophenyl)Methyl]-Benzamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02230","Immucillin-G","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02281","Formycin","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02282","5-Deoxy-5-Methylthioadenosine","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02292","6-Oxo-8,9,10,11-Tetrahydro-7h-Cyclohepta[C][1]Benzopyran-3-O-Sulfamate","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02325","Isopropyl Alcohol","Experimental,SmallMolecule","An isomer of 1-propanol. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic. [PubChem]"]
["DB02379","Beta-D-Glucose","Experimental,SmallMolecule","A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. [PubChem]"]
["DB02383","Tolrestat","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02392","23-Dideoxyinosine","Experimental,SmallMolecule","A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3&#39;-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite. [PubChem]"]
["DB02401","4-Hydroxy-1,2,5-Oxadiazole-3-Carboxylic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02429","4-(Aminosulfonyl)-N-[(4-Fluorophenyl)Methyl]-Benzamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02445","2-Deoxy-2-Amino Glucitol-6-Phosphate","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02468","12-Phenylheme","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02479","(R)-N-(3-Indol-1-Yl-2-Methyl-Propyl)-4-Sulfamoyl-Benzamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02504","[3-(1-Benzyl-3-Carbamoylmethyl-2-Methyl-1h-Indol-5-Yloxy)-Propyl-]-Phosphonic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02535","Aminodi(Ethyloxy)Ethylaminocarbonylbenzenesulfonamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02553","Glutathionylspermidine Disulfide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02568","Peldesine","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02596","Alpha,Beta-Methyleneadenosine-5-Triphosphate","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02602","AL7182","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02610","N-(2,3,4,5,6-Pentaflouro-Benzyl)-4-Sulfamoyl-Benzamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02659","Cholic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. [PubChem]"]
["DB02660","Filaminast","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02679","Cyanamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism. [PubChem]"]
["DB02687","Beta-D-Mannose","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02712","Sorbinil","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02726","2-Phosphoglycolic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02831","Dihydrogenphosphate Ion","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02834","IDD552","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02861","4-(Aminosulfonyl)-N-[(3,4,5-Trifluorophenyl)Methyl]-Benzamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02866","Dansylamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02878","3-(2-Aminoethyl)-4-(Aminomethyl)Heptanedioic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02894","Sulfamic Acid 2,3-O-(1-Methylethylidene)-4,5-O-Sulfonyl-Beta-Fructopyranose Ester","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02895","3-(Prop-2-Ene-1-Sulfinyl)-Propene-1-Thiol","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02930","Phosphothiophosphoric Acid-Adenylate Ester","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02933","5-Deoxy-5-(Methylthio)-Tubercidin","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02936","4-(1-Benzyl-3-Carbamoylmethyl-2-Methyl-1h-Indol-5-Yloxy)-Butyric Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02967","N-Ethylmaleimide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies. [PubChem]"]
["DB02983","Para-Mercury-Benzenesulfonic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02986","N-(2-Thienylmethyl)-2,5-Thiophenedisulfonamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB02994","Hydroxydimethylarsine Oxide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03039","4-(Aminosulfonyl)-N-[(2,5-Difluorophenyl)Methyl]-Benzamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03042","5-Phosphoarabinonic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03055","Ester","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03070","Selenazole-4-Carboxyamide-Adenine Dinucleotide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03085","Hydroxyacetic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03095","Tetramethylammonium Ion","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03121","1-Benzyl-5-Methoxy-2-Methyl-1h-Indol-3-Yl)-Acetic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03130","S-P-Nitrobenzyloxycarbonylglutathione","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03131","Beta-Mercaptoethanol","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03216","(1r,2s)-9-(2-Hydroxy-3-Keto-Cyclopenten-1-Yl)Adenine","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03221","AL7099A","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03262","Al-6619, [2h-Thieno[3,2-E]-1,2-Thiazine-6-Sulfonamide,2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-Morpholinyl)-, 1,1-Dioxide]","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03270","2,6-Difluorobenzenesulfonamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03294","1-Methyl-3-Oxo-1,3-Dihydro-Benzo[C]Isothiazole-5-Sulfonic Acid Amide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03330","S-(N-Hydroxy-N-Iodophenylcarbamoyl)Glutathione","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03333","(4-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-thiocarbamic acid O-(2-thiophen-3-yl-ethyl) ester","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03345","2-Sulfhydryl-Ethanol","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03349","8-Bromo-Adenosine-5-Monophosphate","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03366","Imidazole","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03375","Hydroxyalanine","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03385","4-Methylimidazole","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03424","Bestatin","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03461","2-Monophosphoadenosine 5-Diphosphoribose","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5&#39;-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5&#39;-phosphate adenosine 2&#39;,5&#39;-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)"]
["DB03471","6-Phenyl-4(R)-(7-Phenyl-Heptanoylamino)-Hexanoic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03526","AL5927","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03551","4-Deaza-1-Aza-2-Deoxy-1-(9-Methylene)-Immucillin-H, (3r,4r)-N-[9-Deazahypoxanthin-9-Yl)Methyl]-4-Hydroxymethyl-Pyrrolidin-3-Ol","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03594","1,2,4-Triazole","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03596","N-[2-(1h-Indol-5-Yl)-Butyl]-4-Sulfamoyl-Benzamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03598","Al-6629, [2h-Thieno[3,2-E]-1,2-Thiazine-6-Sulfonamide,2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-Morpholinyl)-, 1,1-Dioxide]","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03602","S-Benzyl-Glutathione","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03606","(S)-Rolipram","Experimental,SmallMolecule","A phosphodiesterase inhibitor with antidepressant properties. [PubChem]"]
["DB03609","3-Deoxyguanosine","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03674","Methyl Mercury Ion","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03697","4-Sulfonamide-[1-(4-Aminobutane)]Benzamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03727","Coproporphyrin I","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03743","1,4-Dideoxy-4-Aza-1-(S)-(9-Deazahypoxanthin-9-Yl)-D-Ribitol","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03754","Tris(Hydroxymethyl)Aminomethane","Experimental,SmallMolecule","An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)"]
["DB03807","1-(2-Chlorophenyl)-3,5-Dimethyl-1h-Pyrazole-4-Carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03844","N-(2,6-Diflouro-Benzyl)-4-Sulfamoyl-Benzamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03849","Cis-4-Cyano-4-[3-(Cyclopentyloxy)-4-Methoxyphenyl]Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03867","Meta-Nitro-Tyrosine","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03877","AL4623","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03881","MT-Immucillin-H","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03889","S-(N-Hydroxy-N-Bromophenylcarbamoyl)Glutathione","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03906","2-Phenylheme","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03940","Oxamic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative. [PubChem]"]
["DB03948","6-Chloropurine Riboside, 5-Monophosphate","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03950","(S)-N-(3-Indol-1-Yl-2-Methyl-Propyl)-4-Sulfamoyl-Benzamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03951","16g","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB03975","Mercuribenzoic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04002","4-Sulfonamide-[4-(Thiomethylaminobutane)]Benzamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04048","N-Carbamoyl-Alanine","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04081","(4s-Trans)-4-(Methylamino)-5,6-Dihydro-6-Methyl-4h-Thieno(2,3-B)Thiopyran-2-Sulfonamide-7,7-Dioxide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04083","N-Pyridoxyl-Lysine-5-Monophosphate","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04089","AL5300","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04112","1-Octadecyl-2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-Sn-Glycerol-3-Phosphoethylmethyl Sulfide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04132","S-Hexylglutathione","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04149","(R)-Rolipram","Experimental,SmallMolecule","A phosphodiesterase inhibitor with antidepressant properties. [PubChem]"]
["DB04180","4-(Aminosulfonyl)-N-[(2,4-Difluorophenyl)Methyl]-Benzamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04184","Acetate Ion","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)"]
["DB04203","3-Mercuri-4-Aminobenzenesulfonamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04272","Citric Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","A key intermediate in metabolism.  It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits.  The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability. [PubChem]"]
["DB04287","(S)-5-(4-Benzyloxy-Phenyl)-4-(7-Phenyl-Heptanoylamino)-Pentanoic Acid","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04355","Uridine-5-Monophosphate Glucopyranosyl-Monophosphateester","Experimental,SmallMolecule","A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids. [PubChem]"]
["DB04371","AL6528","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04394","3-Nitro-4-(2-Oxo-Pyrrolidin-1-Yl)-Benzenesulfonamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04395","Phosphoaminophosphonic Acid-Adenylate Ester","Experimental,SmallMolecule","5&#39;-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation. [PubChem]"]
["DB04399","Cacodylate Ion","Experimental,SmallMolecule","An arsenical that has been used as a dermatologic agent and as an herbicide. [PubChem]"]
["DB04478","Cp-166572, 2-Hydroxymethyl-4-(4-N,N-Dimethylaminosulfonyl-1-Piperazino)-Pyrimidine","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04507","(4s-Trans)-4-(Ethylamino)-5,6-Dihydro-6-Methyl-4h-Thieno(2,3-B)Thiopyran-2-Sulfonamide-7,7-Dioxide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04530","S,S-(2-Hydroxyethyl)Thiocysteine","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04549","4-(Aminosulfonyl)-N-[(2,3,4-Trifluorophenyl)Methyl]-Benzamide","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04600","4-[(3-BROMO-4-O-SULFAMOYLBENZYL)(4-CYANOPHENYL)AMINO]-4H-[1,2,4]-TRIAZOLE","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04601","4-[(4-O-SULFAMOYLBENZYL)(4-CYANOPHENYL)AMINO]-4H-[1,2,4]-TRIAZOLE","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04763","1-N-(4-SULFAMOYLPHENYL-ETHYL)-2,4,6-TRIMETHYLPYRIDINIUM","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB04803","Verdoheme","Experimental,SmallMolecule","Not Available"]
["DB00197","Troglitazone","SmallMolecule,Withdrawn","Troglitazone was withdrawn in 2000 due to risk of hepatotoxicity. It was superseded by pioglitazone and rosiglitazone."]
[]
["Known Metabolites"]
["DB00114","Pyridoxal Phosphate",null,"This is the active form of vitamin B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid.  During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (pyridoxamine). [PubChem]"]
["DB00118","S-Adenosylmethionine",null,"Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)"]
["DB00119","Pyruvic acid",null,"An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)"]
["DB00120","L-Phenylalanine",null,"An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of melanin; dopamine; noradrenalin (norepinephrine), and thyroxine. [PubChem]"]
["DB00122","Choline",null,"A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. [PubChem]"]
["DB00123","L-Lysine",null,"L-Lysine (abbreviated as Lys or K)[1] is an ÃŽÂ±-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)(CH2)4NH2. This amino acid is an essential amino acid, which means that humans cannot synthesize it. Its codons are AAA and AAG."]
["DB00125","L-Arginine",null,"An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. [PubChem]"]
["DB00127","Spermine",null,"A biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria. It is found as a polycation at all pH values. Spermine is associated with nucleic acids, particularly in viruses, and is thought to stabilize the helical structure. [PubChem]"]
["DB00128","L-Aspartic Acid",null,"One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter. [PubChem]"]
["DB00129","L-Ornithine",null,"Ornithine is an amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine. It is a central part of the urea cycle, which allows for the disposal of excess nitrogen. L-Ornithine is a precursor of citrulline and arginine."]
["DB00130","L-Glutamine",null,"A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia. It is the principal carrier of nitrogen in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. [PubChem]"]
["DB00131","Adenosine monophosphate",null,"Adenylic acid. Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2&#39;-, 3&#39;-, or 5&#39;-position. [PubChem]"]
["DB00134","L-Methionine",null,"A sulfur containing essential amino acid that is important in many body functions. It is a chelating agent for heavy metals. [PubChem]"]
["DB00135","L-Tyrosine",null,"A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from phenylalanine. It is also the precursor of epinephrine; thyroid hormones; and melanin. [PubChem]"]
["DB00140","Riboflavin",null,"Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide. [PubChem]"]
["DB00141","N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine",null,"The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine. [PubChem]"]
["DB00142","L-Glutamic Acid",null,"A peptide that is a homopolymer of glutamic acid. [PubChem]"]
["DB00143","Glutathione",null,"A tripeptide with many roles in cells.  It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides. [PubChem]"]
["DB00144","Phosphatidylserine",null,"Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid nutrient found in fish, green leafy vegetables, soybeans and rice, and is essential for the normal functioning of neuronal cell membranes and activates Protein kinase C (PKC) which has been shown to be involved in memory function. In apoptosis, phosphatidylserine is transferred to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. This is part of the process by which the cell is targeted for phagocytosis. PS has been shown to slow cognitive decline in animal models. PS has been investigated in a small number of double-blind placebo trials and has been shown to increase memory performance in the elderly. Because of the potentail cognitive benefits of phosphatidylserine, the substance is sold as a dietary supplement to people who believe they can benefit from an increased intake."]
["DB00145","Glycine",null,"A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter. [PubChem]"]
["DB00147","Pyridoxal",null,"The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of vitamin B 6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. [PubChem]"]
["DB00151","L-Cysteine",null,"A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form cystine. [PubChem]"]
["DB00152","Thiamine",null,"Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with the chemical formula C12H17N4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Thiamine decomposes if heated. Thiamine was first discovered by Umetaro Suzuki in Japan when researching how rice bran cured patients of Beriberi. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thiamine plays an important role in helping the body convert carbohydrates and fat into energy. It is essential for normal growth and development and helps to maintain proper functioning of the heart and the nervous and digestive systems. Thiamine cannot be stored in the body; however, once absorbed, the vitamin is concentrated in muscle tissue."]
["DB00157","NADH",null,"NADH is the reduced form of NAD+, and NAD+ is the oxidized form of NADH, A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). It forms NADP with the addition of a phosphate group to the 2 position of the adenosyl nucleotide through an ester linkage.(Dorland, 27th ed)"]
["DB00162","Vitamin A",null,"Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of carotenoids found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products. [PubChem]"]
["DB00163","Vitamin E",null,"A generic descriptor for all tocopherols and tocotrienols that exhibit alpha-tocopherol activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of isoprenoids. [PubChem]"]
["DB00165","Pyridoxine",null,"The 4-methanol form of vitamin B 6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid.  Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). [PubChem]"]
["DB00171","Adenosine triphosphate",null,"An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. [PubChem]"]
["DB00172","L-Proline",null,"A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. [PubChem]"]
["DB00173","Adenine",null,"A purine base and a fundamental unit of adenine nucleotides. [PubChem]"]
["DB00435","Nitric Oxide",null,"Nitric oxide or Nitrogen monoxide is a chemical compound with chemical formula NO. This gas is an important signaling molecule in the body of mammals including humans and is an extremely important intermediate in the chemical industry. It is also a toxic air pollutant produced by automobile engines and power plants."]
["DB00583","L-Carnitine",null,"Constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias. [PubChem]"]
["DB00640","Adenosine",null,"A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. [PubChem]"]
["DB00855","Aminolevulinic acid",null,"A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and glycine as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a photochemotherapy for actinic keratosis. [PubChem]"]
["DB01727","Isocitric Acid",null,"Not Available"]
["DB01907","Nicotinamide-Adenine-Dinucleotide",null,"Not Available"]
["DB01917","Putrescine",null,"A toxic diamine formed by putrefaction from the decarboxylation of arginine and ornithine. [PubChem]"]
["DB01942","Formic Acid",null,"Formic acid (systematically called methanoic acid) is the simplest carboxylic acid. It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most famously in the venom of bee and ant stings. The principal use of formic acid is as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. [Wikipedia]"]
["DB01972","Guanosine-5-Monophosphate",null,"Guanosine 5&#39;-monophosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature. [PubChem]"]
["DB02007","Alpha-D-Glucose-6-Phosphate",null,"Not Available"]
["DB02196","Uridine-Diphosphate-N-Acetylgalactosamine",null,"Not Available"]
["DB02272","Porphobilinogen",null,"Porphobilinogen is a pyrrole involved in porphyrin metabolism. It is generated by the enzyme ALA dehydratase, and converted into hydroxymethyl bilane by the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase."]
["DB02377","Guanine",null,"Not Available"]
["DB02512","1,6-Fructose Diphosphate (Linear Form)",null,"Not Available"]
["DB02857","Guanosine",null,"Guanosine is a nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a ÃŽÂ²-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become GMP (guanosine monophosphate), cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), GDP (guanosine diphosphate) and GTP (guanosine triphosphate). [Wikipedia]"]
["DB03014","Heme",null,"Not Available"]
["DB03106","Myo-Inositol",null,"An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction. [PubChem]"]
["DB03147","Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide",null,"A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)"]
["DB03166","Acetic Acid",null,"Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)"]
["DB03227","Nicotinamide Mononucleotide",null,"3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5&#39;phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. Synonyms: Nicotinamide Ribonucleotide; NMN. [PubChem]"]
["DB03247","Riboflavin Monophosphate",null,"A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues. [PubChem]"]
["DB03265","Inositol-(1,3,4,5)-Tetrakisphosphate",null,"Not Available"]
["DB03310","Oxidized Glutathione Disulfide",null,"A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized. [PubChem]"]
["DB03397","Uridine-Diphosphate-N-Acetylglucosamine",null,"Not Available"]
["DB03401","D-Myo-Inositol-1,4,5-Triphosphate",null,"Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell&#39;s endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin. [PubChem]"]
["DB03431","Adenosine-5-Diphosphate",null,"Adenosine 5&#39;-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5&#39;-position. [PubChem]"]
["DB03501","Uridine Diphosphate Galactose",null,"A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose. [PubChem]"]
["DB03542","L-Myo-Inositol-1-Phosphate",null,"Not Available"]
["DB03904","Urea",null,"A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids. [PubChem]"]
["DB03937","Erythose-4-Phosphate",null,"Not Available"]
["DB04099","Deamido-Nad+",null,"Not Available"]
["DB04461","Coproporphyrin Iii",null,"Not Available"]
["DB04551","Fructose-1,6-Diphosphate",null,"Not Available"]

{"sheet":"Metabolic Signatures","index":2,"n_rows":62,"n_cols":53,"rows_kept":62,"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
["Affected Protein","ABCC4","ABCG2","ADA","ADCY(2-7)","AHCY","AK1","ALAD","AMD1","AMPD3","CA1/CA2/CA3","CAT","COMT","CPT1A","CPT2","DCXR","ENPP1","FECH","G6PD","GALE","GALK1","GLO1","GMPR","GMPS","GNPDA1","GPI","GSR","GUCY1A2B2/GUCY1A2B3/GUCY1A3B2/GUCY2D/GUCY2F","HAGH","HK","HMOX1/HMOX2","HPRT1","IMPA1","IMPDH1/IMPDH2","ITPKA/ITPKB/ITPKC","LDHA/LDHB","LTA4H","MTAP","NMNAT3","NP","NT5C2","ODC1","PDE","PFKF/FBP","PK","PLA2G6/'PLA2G2A'","PNPO","SLC12A7","SLC29A1","SLC2A1","SLCO1B1/SLCO1B3","SORD","UROD"]
["Affected Reactions","CAMPt/CGMPt","RIBFLVt3o","ADA","ADNCYC","AHC","ADK1","PPBNGS","ADMDC","AMPDA","HCO3E","CAT","DOPAMT/SALMCOM","C160CPT1/C181CPT1/LNLCCPT1","C160CPT2rbc/C181CPT2rbc","XYLUR","FADDP","FCLT","G6PDH2r","UDPG4E","GALK","LTGHL","GMPR","GMPS2","G6PDA","PGI","GTHO","GUACYC","GLYOX","HEX1/HEX4/HEX7/HEX10","HOXG","GUAPRT/HXPRT","MI1PP","IMPD","MI145PK","LDH_L","LTA4H","MTAP","NMNATr/NNATr","NP1/PNP/PUNP1/PUNP3/PUNP5","NT5C/NTD11/NTD7/NTD9","ORNDC","PDE1","FBP26/PFK26","PYK","PLA2_2_16_0_16_0/PLA2_2_16_0_18_1/PLA2_2_16_0_18_2/PLA2_2_18_1_18_1/PLA2_2_18_1_18_2/PLA2_2_18_2_16_0/PLA2_2_18_2_18_1","PYDX5PO/PYAM5PO","KCCt","ADNt/INSt/URIt","DHAAt1r/GALt1r/GAMt1r/GLCt1r/MANt1r","BILGLCURt","SBTD_D2","UPPDC1"]
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[{"$nulls":5},"EX_hcyst-L(e)","EX_camp(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_5aop(e)",null,"EX_nrpphr(e)",{"$nulls":6},"EX_hco3(e)","EX_hco3(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_5aop(e)","EX_5aop(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_5aop(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_5aop(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_hxan(e)",null,"EX_sprm(e)",null,null,"EX_5aop(e)",null,null,"EX_5aop(e)","EX_5aop(e)"]
[{"$nulls":5},"EX_mepi(e)","EX_chol(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_ac(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_lac-L(e)","EX_lac-L(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_ac(e)","EX_ac(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_ac(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_ac(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_nh4(e)",null,"EX_urea(e)",null,null,"EX_ac(e)",null,null,"EX_ac(e)","EX_ac(e)"]
[{"$nulls":5},"EX_met-L(e)","EX_dopa(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_acnam(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_pyr(e)","EX_pyr(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_acnam(e)","EX_acnam(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_acnam(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_acnam(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_acnam(e)",null,null,"EX_acnam(e)","EX_acnam(e)"]
[{"$nulls":5},"EX_normete-L(e)","EX_etha(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_adn(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_adn(e)","EX_adn(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_adn(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_ade(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_adn(e)",null,null,"EX_adn(e)","EX_ade(e)"]
[{"$nulls":5},"EX_nrpphr(e)","EX_glyc(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_adrnl(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_adrnl(e)","EX_adrnl(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_adrnl(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_adn(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_adrnl(e)",null,null,"EX_adrnl(e)","EX_adn(e)"]
[{"$nulls":6},"EX_hcyst-L(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_ala-L(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_ala-L(e)","EX_ala-L(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_ala-L(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_adrnl(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_ala-L(e)",null,null,"EX_ala-L(e)","EX_adrnl(e)"]
[{"$nulls":6},"EX_hdca(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_bilglcur(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_bilglcur(e)","EX_bilglcur(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_ascb-L(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_ala-L(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_bilglcur(e)",null,null,"EX_bilglcur(e)","EX_ala-L(e)"]
[{"$nulls":6},"EX_lnlc(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_camp(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_camp(e)","EX_camp(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_bilglcur(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_arg-L(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_camp(e)",null,null,"EX_camp(e)","EX_bilglcur(e)"]
[{"$nulls":6},"EX_mepi(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_chol(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_chol(e)","EX_chol(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_camp(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_bilglcur(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_chol(e)",null,null,"EX_chol(e)","EX_camp(e)"]
[{"$nulls":6},"EX_met-L(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_co(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_co(e)","EX_co(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_chol(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_camp(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_co(e)",null,null,"EX_co(e)","EX_chol(e)"]
[{"$nulls":6},"EX_nac(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_co2(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_cys-L(e)","EX_co2(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_co(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_chol(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_co2(e)",null,null,"EX_co2(e)","EX_co(e)"]
[{"$nulls":6},"EX_ncam(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_cys-L(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_dopa(e)","EX_cys-L(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_co2(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_co(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_cys-L(e)",null,null,"EX_cys-L(e)","EX_cys-L(e)"]
[{"$nulls":6},"EX_normete-L(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_dopa(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_etha(e)","EX_dopa(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_cys-L(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_co2(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_dopa(e)",null,null,"EX_dopa(e)","EX_dopa(e)"]
[{"$nulls":6},"EX_nrpphr(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_etha(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_fru(e)","EX_etha(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_dhdascb(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_cys-L(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_etha(e)",null,null,"EX_etha(e)","EX_etha(e)"]
[{"$nulls":6},"EX_ocdcea(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_fru(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_gal(e)","EX_fru(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_dopa(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_dopa(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_fru(e)",null,null,"EX_fru(e)","EX_fru(e)"]
[{"$nulls":6},"EX_orot(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_gal(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_gam(e)","EX_fum(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_etha(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_etha(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_gal(e)",null,null,"EX_gal(e)","EX_gal(e)"]
[{"$nulls":6},"EX_spmd(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_gam(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_glc(e)","EX_gal(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_fru(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_fru(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_gam(e)",null,null,"EX_gam(e)","EX_gam(e)"]
[{"$nulls":6},"EX_sprm(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_glc(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_gluala(e)","EX_gam(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_fum(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_fum(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_glc(e)",null,null,"EX_glc(e)","EX_glc(e)"]
[{"$nulls":6},"EX_thm(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_gluala(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_gly(e)","EX_glc(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_gal(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_gal(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_gluala(e)",null,null,"EX_gluala(e)","EX_gluala(e)"]
[{"$nulls":6},"EX_thmmp(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_gly(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_glyc(e)","EX_gluala(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_gam(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_gam(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_gly(e)",null,null,"EX_gly(e)","EX_gly(e)"]
[{"$nulls":6},"EX_uri(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_glyc(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_gthox(e)","EX_gly(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_glc(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_glc(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_glyc(e)",null,null,"EX_glyc(e)","EX_glyc(e)"]
[{"$nulls":10},"EX_gthox(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_hco3(e)","EX_glyc(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_gluala(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_gluala(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_gthox(e)",null,null,"EX_gthox(e)","EX_gthox(e)"]
[{"$nulls":10},"EX_h(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_hcyst-L(e)","EX_gthox(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_gly(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_gly(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_h(e)",null,null,"EX_h(e)","EX_hco3(e)"]
[{"$nulls":10},"EX_h2o(e)",{"$nulls":13},"EX_hdca(e)","EX_hco3(e)",{"$nulls":3},"EX_glyc(e)",{"$nulls":5},"EX_glyc(e)",{"$nulls":8},"EX_h2o(e)",null,null,"EX_h2o(e)","EX_hcyst-L(e)"]
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