gate.SourceURL file:/D:/Dropbox/PhD/Year%202/codes/TextTools/genia_term_corpus_pw_sent.xml MimeType text/xml7641692:Delineation of the CD28 signaling cascade was found to involve protein tyrosine kinase activity, followed by the activation of phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase.7641692:These findings should be useful for therapeutic strategies and the development of immunosuppressants targeting the CD28 costimulatory pathway .7542591:The results identify functionally distinct epitopes on the CD4 coreceptor involved in activation of the Ras/protein kinase C and calcium pathways .7719937:Several recent studies have implicated Jak kinases in the signaling pathway induced by IL-2.7643015:These data indicate that IL-2 and IL-12 may have distinct signaling pathways leading to the induction of IFN-gamma and GM-CSF gene expression, and that the NK3.3 cell line may serve as a novel model for dissecting the biochemical and molecular events involved in these pathways.7623828:A functional T-cell receptor signaling pathway is required for p95vav activity.7623828:The role of p95vav in TCR-mediated signaling processes is unclear.7623828:In contrast, NFAT activation by a G-protein-coupled receptor is not modulated by p95vav overexpression, suggesting that the effect is specific to the TCR signaling pathways .7623828:To further dissect p95vav involvement in TCR signaling , we analyzed various Jurkat mutants deficient in TCR signaling function or TCR expression and showed that an intact TCR signaling pathway is required for p95vav to function.7623828:Taken together, our data suggest that p95vav plays an important role at an yet unidentified proximal position in the TCR signaling cascade .7744799:These results indicate that Epo acts at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels on the TAL1 locus in Friend virus-induced erythroblasts and establish a link between Epo signaling mechanisms and a member of a family of transcription factors involved in the differentiation of diverse cell lineages.7604283:Constitutively activated Jak-STAT pathway in T cells transformed with HTLV-I.7604283:In HTLV-I-infected cord blood lymphocytes, the transition from IL-2-dependent to IL-2-independent growth correlated with the acquisition of a constitutively activated Jak-STAT pathway , which suggests that this pathway participates in HTLV-I-mediated T cell transformation.7613138:The interleukin-5/receptor interaction activates Lyn and Jak2 tyrosine kinases and propagates signals via the Ras-Raf-1-MAP kinase and the Jak-STAT pathways in eosinophils.7638186:These data, and the recent demonstration of JAK phosphorylation by IL-12, identify a rapid signal-transduction pathway likely to mediate IL-12-induced gene expression.7541794:Activation of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases is an important aspect of signal transduction mediated by integrins.7541794:These observations indicate that the Syk tyrosine kinase may be an important component of an integrin signaling pathway in monocytic cells, leading to activation of NF-kappa B and to increased levels of cytokine messages.7769834:Taken together, these findings suggest that PWM is able to initiate an intracytoplasmic signalling cascade and EGR-1 induction in normal human B cells.7706710:WIN 53071 inhibited IL-2 production induced in the calcium-dependent PMA and ionomycin pathway .8522361:Synergy between signal transduction pathways is obligatory for expression of c-fos in B and T cell lines: implication for c-fos control via surface immunoglobulin and T cell antigen receptors.8522361:Expression of the protooncogene c-fos is controlled by three main regulatory pathways involving kinase C, cAMP, and calcium.7759875:Yet these same cells do initiate early TCR-mediated signaling events , such as generation of inositol phosphates and increased intracellular calcium.7759875:The generation of second messengers in T cells normally leads to downstream signaling that results in transcriptional activation of the IL-2 gene.7540942:Thus, CD30-CD30L interactions mediate the induction of HIV expression by a kappa B-dependent pathway that is independent of TNF.7706235:Furthermore, we demonstrate that p21ras is essential for NO-induced downstream signaling , such as NF-kappa B activation, and that endogenous NO can activate p21ras in the same cell.7636179:However, TGF-beta 1 did not induce dephosphorylation of pRb in EBV (or LMP-1)-positive cells as opposed to EBV-negative cells, suggesting a dichotomy in the TGF-beta 1 signaling pathway leading to separable gene regulatory and growth inhibitory responses.7739562:Coupling of a signal response domain in I kappa B alpha to multiple pathways for NF-kappa B activation.7739562:Alanine substitutions introduced at two serine residues positioned within this N-terminal regulatory region of I kappa B alpha also yielded constitutive repressors that escaped from Tax-induced turnover and that potently inhibited immune activation pathways for NF-kappa B induction, including those initiated from antigen and cytokine receptors.7730364:Moreover, the data comparing the effects of activated Ras and PKC mutants suggest that PKC-alpha, p21ras, and PKC-epsilon are not positioned linearly on a single signal transduction pathway .7888666: Interleukin-5 signaling in human eosinophils involves JAK2 tyrosine kinase and Stat1 alpha.7888666:Human eosinophils are one of the most important target cells for IL-5 and were used here to study IL-5 signaling in a primary human cell.7888666:These data show for the first time that molecular mechanisms of IL-5 signaling in human eosinophils involve members of the JAK kinase family as well as members of the Stat family.7602114:The activation of the Jak-STAT 1 signaling pathway by IL-5 in eosinophils.7602114:The objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of the newly discovered Jak-STAT pathway in the IL-5 signal transduction mechanism .7602114:Thus, we demonstrated that IL-5 activated the Jak 2-STAT 1 signaling pathway in eosinophils.7602114:We speculate that the Jak 2-STAT 1 pathway may be involved in the activation of IL-5-inducible genes in eosinophils.7884865:The mechanisms by which LMP-1 upregulates these proteins is unknown, but it is plausible that LMP-1 modifies signal transduction pathways that result in the activation of one or more transcription factors that ultimately regulate transcription of oncogenic genes.7923175:Recent data suggest that the poor induction of a T-cell response to human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may be related to alterations in signal transduction pathways .7720085:These data suggest that ALD cause transient but significant changes in T cell transmembrane signaling , although some events induced by stimulation with anti-CD3 antibodies are not induced by ALD.7526398:Separation of oxidant-initiated and redox-regulated steps in the NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway .7526398:Studies presented here show that overall NF-kappa B signal transduction begins with a parallel series of stimuli-specific pathways through which cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha), oxidants (hydrogen peroxide and mitomycin C), and phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) individually initiate signaling.7526398:Since internal sites of oxidant production have been shown to play a key role in the cytokine-stimulated activation of NF-kappa B, and since tyrosine kinase and phosphatase activities are known to be altered by oxidants, these findings suggest that intracellular redox status controls NF-kappa B activation by regulating tyrosine phosphorylation event(s) within the common step of the NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway .7622191:In toto, these results suggest that TG induces IL-2R alpha in human T cells through a PKC-independent pathway .7836389:Altogether these data indicate that, in 7TD1 cells, IL-6 controls junB transcription in a biphasic fashion by means of two separate transduction pathways .7989745:Our knowledge of the intracellular signaling pathways coupled to this receptor is incomplete.7869038:We have used mutants of these kinases and phosphatases (gamma B*CaM-K and delta CaM-AI, respectively) to explore their relative role in cytokine gene transcription and their interactions with PKC-dependent signaling systems .7525701:The activation is rapid and is mediated through a tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway .7525701:Our results define the NF-kappa B system as an intermediate event in CD40 signaling and suggest that the CD40 pathway can influence the expression of B cell-associated genes with NF-kappa B consensus sites.8012110:Murine B lymphocytes, adipocytes, and olfactory neurons contain a DNA-binding protein that participates in the regulation of genes encoding tissue-specific components of signal transduction .8015553:Activation of the dPRL promoter construct in these undifferentiated cells could however be induced by the addition of cAMP, in the absence of progesterone, suggesting that a signal transduced through the cAMP signaling pathway is a primary inducer of decidual PRL gene expression.8157958:Moreover, its rapid activation suggests it may have a wider role within signal transduction cascades in lymphocytes.8051172:ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase, CD45, and T cell receptor involvement in UV- and H2O2- induced T cell signal transduction .8051172:These results suggest that UV -induced signal transduction is mediated via cell surface receptors that normally respond to biological stimulation, whereas H2O2 is able to partially bypass this requirement.8196620:TF is the primary cellular initiator of the coagulation protease cascades .8151786:To define the mechanism of action of the Nef protein, the signal transduction pathways which may be affected in T cells by constitutive expression of the nef gene were examined.8151786:Because the Nef protein does not affect the surface expression of the CD3-TCR complex, we conclude that the Nef protein down-regulates the transcriptional factors NF-kappa B and AP-1 in T cells in vitro through an effect on the TCR-dependent signal transduction pathway .7911088:Sensitivity against various enzyme inhibitors suggests that components of the signal transduction pathway are shared by all three cytokines.7512079:To analyze the signal transduction mechanisms induced by RA, we first compared the effects of PMA and RA on the expression of genes which are known to be regulated during monocytic differentiation.7522304: Calcium signalling in T cells stimulated by a cyclophilin B-binding protein.7522304:When bound to cyclophilin, cyclosporin A binds and inactivates the key signalling intermediate calcineurin.7522304:To identify potential cellular homologues of cyclosporin A that might regulate calcium signalling , we have cloned human genes encoding cyclophilin B-binding-proteins using the yeast two-hybrid system.7522304:CAML appears to be a new participant in the calcium-signal transduction pathway , implicating cyclophilin B in calcium signalling , even in the absence of cyclosporin.7511050: Retroviral vector-mediated transduction of RA receptor (RAR alpha) into this HL-60R subclone completely restored the sensitivity of these cells to ATRA in terms of their ability to express CD38.8207643:To characterize mechanisms responsible for these LIF effects, levels of HIV mRNA, activation of the DNA binding protein nuclear factor (NF)-kB, signal transduction pathways , and potential interactions with other cytokines were analyzed.7510691:The interleukin-8 AP-1 and kappa B-like sites are genetic end targets of FK506-sensitive pathway accompanied by calcium mobilization.8077662:Induction of IL-8 expression in T cells uses the CD28 costimulatory pathway .7524519: MHC class II signaling in B-cell activation [see comments]7524519:In this review, Paul Scholl and Raif Geha discuss recent advances in our understanding of mechanisms of MHC class II signaling and analyse their role in human B-cell activation.7945272:These observations suggest that v-abl may be inhibiting the differentiation of B cells by blocking these two crucial elements in the maturation pathway .7520093:Our data also suggest that whilst NF-kappa B may be an essential component of LMP1 signal transduction , other cell-specific factors may be required to effect some functions of the viral protein.8144878:The implications for T cell receptor signaling and HIV-1 gene expression are considered.7520914:Recently, investigators have hypothesized that CD14-mediated signaling is effected through a receptor-associated tyrosine kinase (TK), suggesting a multicomponent receptor model of LPS signaling .7520914:These results imply that TK activity is not obligatory for CD14-mediated signal transduction to occur in response to LPS.7917514:Role of HIV-1 Nef expression in activation pathways in CD4+ T cells.7917514:The role of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) Nef protein in T cell activation pathways was investigated using a Jurkat CD4+ cell line stably transfected with a Nef expression vector.8108127:Overproduction of NFKB2 (lyt-10) and c-Rel: a mechanism for HTLV-I Tax-mediated trans-activation via the NF-kappa B signalling pathway .8108127:We propose that NFKB2 synthesis and processing allows continuous nuclear expression of an otherwise cytoplasmic protein and, in conjunction with overexpression of c-Rel, NFKB2 alters the NF-kappa B signalling pathway and contributes to leukemic transformation of T cells by HTLV-I.8298127:In FCS- liquid-suspension culture supplemented with saturating Ep level and low-dose IL-3/GM-CSF, adult HPC undergo unilineage erythropoietic differentiation: Here again, treatment with high-dose RA induces a shift from the erythroid to granulocytic differentiation pathway .8298127:These results indicate that RA directly inhibits the erythroid differentiation program at the level of early adult HPC, and may lead to a shift from the erythroid to granulocytic differentiation pathway .8916959:PML appears to be transcriptionally regulated by class I and II interferons, which raises the possibility that interferons modulate the function and growth and differentiation potential of normal myeloid cells and precursors by activating PML-dependent pathways .8950029:The effects of Ara-C on JNK activity may be mediated through secondary response pathways .8892903:The transmembrane domains are well conserved, but there is striking sequence divergence of the carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic domain essential for B-cell immortalization and interaction with the tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling pathway .8892903:The conserved TRAF3 binding sites in LMP1 and the CD30 Hodgkin's disease marker provides further evidence that a TRAF3-mediated signal transduction pathway may be important in malignant transformation.8307982:Experiments using inhibitors of protein kinase C, protein kinase A, and tyrosine kinase-dependent pathways revealed that G(Anh)MTetra-induced IL-1 beta and IL-6 mRNA expression involves activation of an H7-inhibitable pathway .8307982:Furthermore, maximal G(Anh)MTetra-induced IL-1 beta and IL-6 mRNA expression could be enhanced by co-stimulation with LPS or MDP, suggesting that different receptors and/or transduction pathways were involved.8283032:Previous studies have suggested that gangliosides have an important role in cell signaling and recognition.9022666:It is thus generally believed that the pancreatic endocrine-lineage possesses the ability to mature along a differentiation pathway that shares many characteristics with those of neuronal differentiation.8910360:Characterization of a CD43/leukosialin-mediated pathway for inducing apoptosis in human T-lymphoblastoid cells.8910360:Since peripheral blood T-lymphocytes express cryptic epitopes for mAb J393, these findings demonstrate the existence of a tightly regulated CD43-mediated pathway for inducing apoptosis in human T-cell lineages.8947512:Based upon these results we propose that alpha-interferon through its receptor initiates phosphatidic acid dependent signalling which in turn regulates the affinity of 47 kDa sterol regulatory element binding factor as well as LDL-receptor gene transcription in lymphocytes from CML patients.8970984:A 40-fold stimulation of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity mediated by four tandem repeats of the SNE could be induced within 2 h (and up to 250-fold within 6 h) after addition of TPA in DNA-transfected U-937 cells, indicating that the stimulation appeared likely to be a true protein kinase C-mediated signal transduction event rather than a differentiation response.8892614: Apoptosis signaling pathways in normal T cells: differential activity of Bcl-2 and IL-1beta-converting enzyme family protease inhibitors on glucocorticoid- and Fas-mediated cytotoxicity.8892614:These results suggest that peripheral T cells use distinct apoptosis signaling pathways with differential sensitivity to Bcl-2 and interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme family protease inhibitors.8011280:Among these properties are NF-kappa B's rapid posttranslational activation in response to many pathogenic signals, its direct participation in cytoplasmic/nuclear signaling , and its potency to activate transcription of a great variety of genes encoding immunologically relevant proteins.8943389:We show that triggering of CD40 signaling pathway (s) by CD40 ligands expressed on L cells led to strong activation of an NF-kappaB-controlled beta-globin reporter gene in primary B lymphocytes from transgenic mice.8943389:These results indicate that stimulation of CD40 signaling pathways exerts a long-lasting stimulatory effect on both the transcription and nuclear translocation of RelB.8892610:These results demonstrate that CD40, like sIg, may employ PKC in producing select outcomes, that individual B cell receptors may signal downstream events via both PKC-dependent and PKC-independent pathways, and that multiple signal transduction pathways may be used to activate the expression of closely related genes.8943365:The constitutive association of TRAFs with LMP1 through the aa 187 to 231 domain which is important in NF-kappaB activation and primary B-lymphocyte growth transformation implicates TRAF aggregation in LMP1 signaling .8906805:Lack of IL-12 signaling in human allergen-specific Th2 cells.8906805:The IL-12 nonresponsiveness of the Th2 clones was further evident by the total lack of IL-12-induced phosphorylation of STAT4 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-4), a transcription factor that is typically involved in IL-12 signaling .8191547:A second messenger cascade involved is the inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium pathway which responds over the same rapid time course.8986719:Signaling via IL-2 and IL-4 in JAK3-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency lymphocytes: JAK3-dependent and independent pathways .8875942:Tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR-1) and CD95 (also called Fas or APO-1) are cytokine receptors that engage the apoptosis pathway through a region of intracellular homology, designated the "death domain." Another death domain-containing member of the TNFR family, death receptor 3 (DR3), was identified and was shown to induce both apoptosis and activation of nuclear factor kappaB.8875942: DR3 signal transduction is mediated by a complex of intracellular signaling molecules including TRADD, TRAF2, FADD, and FLICE.8106512:These data suggest that interferon regulatory factor 1 not only triggers the activation of the interferon signal transduction pathway , but also may play a role in limiting the duration of this response by activating the transcription of IRF-2.8890196: CD14-mediated signal pathway of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide in human gingival fibroblasts.8887687:p21(ras), a guanine nucleotide binding factor, mediates T-cell signal transduction through PKC-dependent and PKC-independent pathways.8887687:A later result of inhibition of this activation pathway by p21(ras) was down-regulation of the activity of the transcription factor AP-1 and subsequent coordinate reductions in IL-2 gene expression and protein production.8955094:Mutation of tyrosines 492/493 in the kinase domain of ZAP-70 affects multiple T-cell receptor signaling pathways .8955094:The protein-tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 is implicated, together with the Src kinase p56(lck), in controlling the early steps of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling cascade .8108414:These findings thus reveal the presence of a second inducible autoregulated inhibitory pathway that helps ensure the rapid but transient action of nuclear NF-kappa B.8910398:Recent work has shown that IL-10 induces activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway .8702466:These results suggest that, while lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inflammatory mediators requires tyrosine kinase activity, tyrosine kinase activity is not obligatory for lipopolysaccharide signal transduction .8764027:Chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of myeloid cells disrupts the autoregulatory control of the NF-kappaB/Rel pathway via enhanced IkappaBalpha degradation.8700228:The close homology of the basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) DNA-binding and dimerization domain of HLF to that of the CES-2 cell-death specification protein of Caenorhabditis elegans suggests a model of leukaemogenesis in which E2A-HLF blocks an early step within an evolutionarily conserved cell-death pathway .8977934:The multiple alterations observed on the various biochemical pathways may appear as a consequence of a unique deleterious mechanism more fundamentally related to the process of senescence such as the inability to cope with oxidative stress.8816467:The presence of an active CRE site in the bcl-2 promoter implies that the regulation of bcl-2 expression is linked to a signal transduction pathway in B cells.8877725:The IFN-gamma mRNA is induced/inhibited in these cell types by a wide variety of extracellular signals, thus implicating a number of diverse, yet convergent signal transduction pathways in its transcriptional control.8695800:p38 and p63 may provide a docking site for Grb2, thereby linking Grb2 SH3-binding proteins SOS1, SLP-76, and p120 to downstream signalling events .8874184:Studies on unicellular and paired daughter cell culture unequivocally indicate that the shift is mediated by modulation of the HPC differentiation program to the granulopoietic pathway (rather than RA-induced down-modulation of multipotent /erythroid/monocytic HPC growth coupled with recruitment of granulocytic HPCs).8794888:In this report, we demonstrate that the corresponding mutations in murine calcineurin render the T cell receptor signal transduction cascade CsA resistant in human Jurkat T cells.8816436:The human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene is one of the earliest genes transcribed after the stimulation of a B cell through its antigen receptor or via the CD-40 pathway .8757326:However, the reduced expression of these proteins was not the result of a global TCR/CD3-signaling defect because CD3 cross-linking induced an equivalent increase in intracellular-free calcium ions, as well as NFATp dephosphorylation, translocation to the nucleus, and DNA binding in both normal and anergic T cells.8871623:A major obstacle in understanding the signaling events that follow CD28 receptor ligation arises from the fact that CD28 acts as a costimulus to TCR engagement, making it difficult to assess the relative contribution of CD28 signals as distinct from those of the TCR.8871623:Using selective inhibitors, we investigated the signaling pathways involved in the CD28-mediated induction of AP-1 and NF-kappaB.8871623:These data suggest that in activated normal T cells, CD28-derived signals can stimulate proliferation at least in part via NF-kappaB and AP-1 generation, and that this response uses both acidic sphingomyelinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-linked pathways .8759733:Inhibition of T lymphocyte activation by cAMP is associated with down-regulation of two parallel mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways , the extracellular signal-related kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase.8759733:The induction of T cell proliferation requires signals from the TCR and a co-receptor molecule, such as CD28, that activate parallel and partially cross-reactive signaling pathways .8759733:To further analyze potential cross points between positively and negatively regulating signaling pathways in T cells, we tested the effects of activators of the adenylate cyclase or PKA on two parallel mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase.8759733:Our results suggest that PKA inhibits T cell activation by interfering with multiple events along the two signaling pathways operating downstream of the TCR and the CD28 co-receptor molecules.8709637: Interleukin-7 signaling in human B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and murine BAF3 cells involves activation of STAT1 and STAT5 mediated via the interleukin-7 receptor alpha chain.8709637:Activation of the JAK/STAT pathway has been implicated in IL-7R signaling .8709637:IL-7 also induced STAT/DNA binding in BCP-ALL cases that failed to proliferate in response to IL-7, suggesting that the ability of IL-7R to activate the JAK/STAT pathway per se is not sufficient for proliferation induction.8709637:The data further indicate that the IL-7R alpha chains are directly involved in the activation of JAKs and STATs and have a major role in proliferative signaling in precursor B cells.8691123: CaMKIV/ Gr signaling is associated with transcriptional activation of c-fos but is independent of p21ras or calcineurin.wch8790367:Thus, select genetic aberrations in the apoptotic pathway reveal a cell autonomous coregulation of activation.8759721:Inhibition of transcription factor Stat1 activity in mononuclear cell cultures and T cells by the cyclic AMP signaling pathway .8759721:Stimulation of the cAMP signal transduction pathway , which skews cytokine production toward a Th2 pattern, resulted in the preferential suppression of Stat1 activity.8759721:Our results demonstrate the regulation of STAT activity by a signaling pathway that regulates the T cell functional phenotype and is distinct from the cytokine-activated Janus kinase-STAT signaling pathway .8898948:These observations establish the importance of different signal transducing pathways leading to CD40 activation of B lymphocytes.8751937:The combined data lend additional support to the proposal that spirochetal lipoproteins and LPS initiate monocyte activation via different cell surface events but that the signaling pathways ultimately converge to produce qualitatively similar cellular responses.8843413:GR expression levels were shown to be rate-limiting for initiating the apoptotic pathway , and a positive correlation between steroid sensitivity and GR-mediated induction of an integrated mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) LTR reporter gene was observed.8670897:Multiple p21ras effector pathways regulate nuclear factor of activated T cells.8670897:The transcription factor, Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) is a major target for p21ras and calcium signalling pathways in the IL-2 gene and is induced by p21ras signals acting in synergy with calcium/calcineurin signals.8670897:Expression of dominant negative N17Rac also prevents TCR and p21ras activation of NFAT, but without interfering with the ERK-2 pathway .8670897:Thus, p21ras regulation of NFAT in T cells requires the activity of multiple effector pathways including those regulated by MAPKK-1/ERK-2 and Rac-1.8683106:Differential utilization of Janus kinase-signal transducer activator of transcription signaling pathways in the stimulation of human natural killer cells by IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-alpha.8864127:The discovery of these signaling pathways has led to important new insights into their role in lymphocyte maturation, as it has emerged that mutations in the genes encoding both gamma c and JAK3 result in similar forms of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).8864127:In this review we examine the structure and function of cytokine receptors and the signaling pathways involved in their regulation of gene expression.8877104:Yet, little is known as to how the RA and VitD3 receptor network operates in hematopoietic cells, and whether receptor interactions can explain the interplay between the RA -and VitD3 -signaling pathways during differentiation.8877104:Therefore, we analyzed the expression, DNA binding, and transcriptional activity of the endogenous RA and VitD3 receptors [retinoic acid receptors (RARs), retinoid X receptors (RXRs), and VitD3 receptor (VDR)] in the U-937 cell line, in which RA and VitD3 induce distinct monocytic differentiation pathways .8877104:These results demonstrate a complex role for VitD3 in modifying the retinoid differentiation pathway and may have implications for differentiation-inducing therapy of hematopoietic tumors.8695838:Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces immediate effects in monocytes by activation of the Janus kinase (JAK2) and STAT transcription factor (STAT5) pathway .8620546:Thus, these results show that age-related impairments in the activation of AP-1 and NF-AT are closely associated with decreased expression of IL-2 and further suggest that aberrancies in the signaling pathways important for the induction of transcriptionally active c-Fos/c-Jun AP-1 may contribute to the impaired activation of NF-AT.8609418:Our data suggest that IL-13 utilizes IL-4R and its signaling pathway , and JAK2 may play an important role in the function of IL-4R and IL-13R in colon cancer cells.8631809:Activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells in a cyclosporin A-resistant pathway .8631809:We demonstrate here, however, that NFAT can be activated, and significant levels of IL-2 can be produced by the CsA-resistant CD28-signaling pathway .8605941:The activation of T cells requires engagement of the T cell receptor/CD3 complex and co-stimulatory molecules, and results in the triggering of several signaling pathways which lead rapidly to the nuclear translocation of several transcription factors, such as nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B and NF-AT.8605941:Appearance of the STAT1 factor is significantly reduced in the presence of cyclosporin A, and blocked by cycloheximide, indicating that its activation is dependent upon a protein(s) synthesized in response to initial signaling events .8557975:We conclude that the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway consisting of Raf-1, MEK1, and ERK1 and ERK2 functions in the stimulation IL-2 gene transcription in activated T lymphocytes.8609393:To gain further knowledge of the IL-12R complex and the IL-12 signal transduction pathway in cytotoxic T cells, we studied a number of human T cell lines that had been transformed to permanent growth with Herpesvirus saimiri, an oncogenic virus of nonhuman primates.8609393:Using these T cells as a model of IL-12 signal transduction , we confirmed that these events involve members of the Janus kinase family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases JAK2, TYK2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 4.8639461:In part, this may be due to altered intercellular signalling systems and intracellular signal transduction .8628295:The relevance of these molecular events to BCR signal transduction and antigen-stimulated B-cell-mediated immune responses is discussed.8605359:A mutant Tax protein deficient in transactivation of genes by the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway was unable to induce transcriptional activity of IL-1alpha promoter-CAT constructs, but was rescued by exogenous provision of p65/p50 NF-kappaB.8605359:These data suggest a general role for Tax induction of IL-1alpha gene transcription by the NF-kappaB pathway .8631962:Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates JAK2 signaling pathway and rapidly activates p93fes, STAT1 p91, and STAT3 p92 in polymorphonuclear leukocytes.8631962:These results identify a new signal transduction pathway activated by GM-CSF and provide a mechanism for rapid activation of gene expression in GM-CSF-stimulated PMN.8634418:The RAR-RXR as well as the RXR-RXR pathway is involved in signaling growth inhibition of human CD34+ erythroid progenitor cells.8634418:Using synthetic ligands to retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) that selectively bind and activate RAR-RXR or RXR-RXR dimers, respectively, we dissected the involvement of the two retinoid response pathways in the regulation of normal myeloid and erythroid progenitor cell growth.8634418:Thus, the RAR-RXR response pathway can signal growth inhibition of normal bone marrow myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells.8634418:In addition, we demonstrate a unique involvement of the RXR-RXR pathway in mediating growth inhibition of erythroid but not myeloid progenitor cells.8628274:Recent studies indicate that HTLV-1 Tax targets IkappaBalpha to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway .8622883:We demonstrate that loss of p16 causes upregulation of this DNA precursor pathway enzyme via activation of E2F by a mechanism involving retinoblastoma protein.8634413:A signal transduction pathway activated by many cytokines has recently been elaborated.8622971:Stimulation of the cAMP-dependent signaling pathway exerts an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and effector functions of T cells.8621480:These findings define a novel protein motif that functions in intracellular calcium signaling .8618456:Investigation of these factors promises to shed light on the complex development pathways involved in the regulation of haematopoiesis.8562955:Stimulation through the Fas/APO-1 receptor results in apoptosis through an incompletely characterized signaling pathway .8562955:More is known regarding signal transduction events that occur after ligation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR).8562955:Although prior studies suggest a role for protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases in Fas signaling , we report here that Fas ligation induces apoptosis in T cells deficient in either CD45 or Lck.8562955:We show that stimulation with a synthetic ceramide analog results in JNK activation as well as apoptosis, suggesting ceramide release occurs proximal to JNK activation in Fas signaling .8562955:Our data suggest that although CD45 and Lck are not required for Fas signaling , JNK activation may play an important role transducing distal signals that lead to apoptosis after Fas ligation.8642282:In B7.1-positive B cells, this element bound several members of the NF-kappaB family, transcription factors already implicated in signal transduction pathways relevant to B7.1 expression.8617766:These results suggest that the temporal control of c-Jun and c-Fos may be regulated through the ubiquitinylation pathways , and the ubiquitinylation of c-Jun and c-Fos may in turn be regulated in response to the heterodimerization between them and the cooperation between E220K and E3 mediated polyubiquitinylation.8558011:Involvement of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription and protein kinase C signaling pathways .10485875:Here, we studied the role of serine/threonine phosphatases in STAT3 signaling in human antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell lines and cutaneous T cell lymphoma lines, expressing a constitutively activated STAT3.10452760: Signal transduction pathways triggered by the FcepsilonRIIb receptor (CD23) in human monocytes lead to nuclear factor-kappaB activation.10452760:We have focused on the study of the signal transduction pathways triggered by CD23 in human monocytes and the promonocytic cell line U937.10452760:CONCLUSIONS: NF-kappaB is the main transcription factor involved in the signal transduction pathway of CD23 in monocytes.8555464:Thus, our data indicate that Stat3 and Stat5 may be involved in signal transduction after ligand binding to c-Mpl and that this event may have a role in megakaryopoiesis/thrombopoiesis or possibly a mature platelet function such as aggregation.8809472:Damage to the genes encoding proteins that function in intracellular signaling , transcription, or regulation of the cell cycle has been identified and linked at varying degrees to the progression of certain lymphoid malignancies.10454636:These results reveal a new link between the dopamine system, cytokine signaling pathway and regulation of gene expression via the involvement of NF-kappaB in T cells and PBMC.10430944:We have determined that the JAK/STAT pathway positively regulates Qp activity.10430944:The data imply that JAK/STAT signaling has a role in EBV-associated malignancies.8523529:Although little information as to what signal transduction pathways mediate NF-kappa B activation in monocytes-macrophages is available, our previous work indicated that classical protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes were not involved in the HIV-mediated NF-kappa B activation.8523529:Altogether, these results suggest that atypical PKC isoenzymes, including PKC-zeta, participate in the signal transduction pathways by which HIV infection results in the activation of NF-kappa B in human monocytic cells and macrophages.10482545:Our findings suggest that constitutive expression of Bcl-x(L) induced by Tax through the NF-kappaB pathway contributes to the inhibition of apoptosis in CTLL-2 cells after IL-2 deprivation.10438903:Moreover, we provide evidence that TCR/CD3 and IL-2 induce Stat3 activation via distinct signaling pathways .10430922:Two such clusters were found to have patterns that correlated with variation in cell proliferation rates and with activation of the IFN-regulated signal transduction pathway , respectively.8598210:The activation is rapid and transient and is mediated through a cyclosporin A-insensitive pathway .8598210:Furthermore, this signaling pathway appears not to rely on protein kinase C.8734787:Stimulation of the T-cell antigen receptor-CD3 complex signaling pathway by the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate is mediated by inhibition of CD45: evidence for two interconnected Lck/Fyn- or zap-70-dependent signaling pathways.8734787:The tyrosine phosphatase specific inhibitor pervanadate is a potent activator of T lymphocytes through induction of tyrosine phosphorylation and downstream events of the activation cascade .10499538:Vitamin D analogs, 20-Epi-22-oxa-24a,26a,27a,-trihomo-1alpha,25(OH)2-vitamin D3, 1,24(OH)2-22-ene-24-cyclopropyl-vitamin D3 and 1alpha,25(OH)2-lumisterol3 prime NB4 leukemia cells for monocytic differentiation via nongenomic signaling pathways , involving calcium and calpain.10499538:These data suggest that although MC903 and KH1060 may bind the VDRnuc, that the differentiative activities of these agents requires nongenomic signaling pathways .10480426:A role for retinoic acid during neutrophil maturation has been suggested from a variety of sources. Here we present a review of the mechanism of retinoic acid receptor action and the major evidence showing that normal retinoid signaling is required for neutrophil maturation.10430908:NF-kappaB-mediated up-regulation of Bcl-x and Bfl-1/A1 is required for CD40 survival signaling in B lymphocytes.10430908:Inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway by overexpression of a dominant-active inhibitor of NF-kappaB abolished CD40-induced up-regulation of both the Bfl-1 and Bcl-x genes and also eliminated the ability of CD40 to rescue Fas-induced cell death.10430908:Furthermore, expression of physiological levels of Bcl-x protected B cells from Fas-mediated apoptosis in the absence of NF-kappaB signaling .8561779:Inhibition of NF-AT signal transduction events by a dominant-negative form of calcineurin.8561779:These data suggest the potential utility of agents that disrupt calcineurin-mediated signal transduction pathways by blocking formation of the catalytically active dimer of calcineurin A and B subunits.8675228:However, pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true 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pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true 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pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true pwmention true specific true