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{"sheet":"Additional Table 5","index":0,"n_rows":129,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":129,"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
["Additional Table 5. Autism candidate genes (GWAS-NR) with known roles in the regulation of neurite outgrowth and guidance."]
["Chr","P-value","RefSeq Gene","Remark","References (PubMed ID)"]
[2,{"v":1.80018e-06,"d":"1.80E-06"},"PUM2","Acts as a negative regulator of dendritic outgrowth","19907703, 20133610"]
[22,{"v":1.801802e-05,"d":"1.80E-05"},"CACNA1I","NCAM induced neuritogenesis is mediated by activation of T-type Ca2+ channels",16510522]
[2,{"v":2.702703e-05,"d":"2.70E-05"},"DNER","Inhibits neurite outgrowth and regulates Purkinje cell morphogenesis","18474614, 20036837"]
[16,{"v":3.603604e-05,"d":"3.60E-05"},"A2BP1","Binds SCA2, which is suggested to mediate loss of dendritic cytoskeletal structure","17503474, 12524342 "]
[9,{"v":9.090909e-05,"d":"9.09E-05"},"SEMA4D","Axon guidance molecule interacts with Plexin B1 to activate Ras and recruit PLC-gamma","16702230, 19805522"]
[16,{"v":9.090909e-05,"d":"9.09E-05"},"CDH8","Regulates hippocampal mossy fiber axon fasciculation and targeting, complementing CDH2",18064706]
[21,{"v":0.0001818182,"d":"1.82E-04"},"NCAM2","Influences axon targeting and may repel the formation of dendritic bundles","14622211, 12538518"]
[3,{"v":0.0001818182,"d":"1.82E-04"},"CNTN3","Exhibits neurite outgrowth promoting activity when used as a substrate in-vivo",8060619]
[6,{"v":0.0001818182,"d":"1.82E-04"},"SGK1","Increases dendritic growth of hippocampal neurons through microtubule destabilization","16982696, 16585788"]
[22,{"v":0.0003636364,"d":"3.64E-04"},"RTN4R","Nogo 66 receptor, mediates inhibition of axonal growth and regeneration",11201742]
[5,{"v":0.0004545455,"d":"4.55E-04"},"SPRY4","Sprouty homolog down-regulation promotes axon growth through the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway","19137008, 19683577"]
[6,{"v":0.0007272727,"d":"7.27E-04"},"FRK","Induces nerve-growth factor independent neurite outgrowth through Rap pathway activation",10878015]
[2,{"v":0.0008181818,"d":"8.18E-04"},"NCK2","Induces axon pruning/retraction by interacting with DOCK1 and PAK downstream of Rac signaling",19182796]
[17,{"v":0.000962,"d":"9.62E-04"},"PRKCA","Mediates endocytosis of netrin receptor UNC5A, preventing growth cone collapse",16554470]
[11,{"v":0.001,"d":"1.00E-03"},"OPCML","Regulates cell type-specific neurite outgrowth via attractive and repulsive mechanisms",9801370]
[18,{"v":0.001,"d":"1.00E-03"},"CDH2","Required to alter directional guidance of axons upon reaching intermediate targets","19356698, 17222817"]
[3,{"v":0.001,"d":"1.00E-03"},"MYLK","Axon retraction in response to inhibition of F-actin turnover is regulated by Rho and MYLK",12356866]
[22,{"v":0.001,"d":"1.00E-03"},"PLA2G6","Inhibition reduces neuritogenesis and viability of cortical and hippocampal neurons",17187973]
[18,{"v":0.001,"d":"1.00E-03"},"DOK6","Promotes neurite outgrowth such as axonal projection",15286081]
[12,{"v":0.001,"d":"1.00E-03"},"STX2","Binds to syntaxin-1 phosphorylated by ROCK, and thereby regulates extension and retraction of neurites",15240567]
[10,{"v":0.001113,"d":"1.11E-03"},"DOCK1","Acts as a Rac-GEF, localizing to sites of PIP3 accumulation at the cell's leading edge",16025104]
[16,{"v":0.001297,"d":"1.30E-03"},"CDH11","Required for proper migration in the cranial neural crest upstream of Rho-GTPase activation",19528317]
[12,{"v":0.001611,"d":"1.61E-03"},"PDE3A","Reciprocal regulation of cAMP and cGMP coordinates axon and dendrite development",20110498]
[4,{"v":0.001614,"d":"1.61E-03"},"NKX6-1","Controls migration and axon pathfinding in hindbrain and spinal cord motor neurons ","14534138, 18215620"]
[5,{"v":0.001863,"d":"1.86E-03"},"FER","Mediates cytoskeletal signaling and reorganization, evidently downstream of Fyn",10921917]
[11,{"v":0.002,"d":"2.00E-03"},"ODZ4"," In vitro and in vivo studies support roles for teneurins in promoting neurite outgrowth and cell adhesion",18723111]
[1,{"v":0.002,"d":"2.00E-03"},"NID1","Increases process formation of Schwann cells and modulates hippocampal plasticity","19530222, 17437540"]
[3,{"v":0.002,"d":"2.00E-03"},"ROBO2","Participates in inhibitory guidance of sensory neurons; Reduced expression reported in autism","17581972, 18270976"]
[3,{"v":0.002,"d":"2.00E-03"},"CTNNB1","Integral partner in cadherin catenin complex regulating cell adhesion and motility",18363555]
[2,{"v":0.002,"d":"2.00E-03"},"CTNNA2","Influences cell adhesion and motility by competing with Arp 2/3-mediated actin polymerization",18363555]
[16,{"v":0.002,"d":"2.00E-03"},"GPR56","Expressed at leading edge of membrane filopodia and colocalizes with alpha-actinin","15674329, 19245832"]
[5,{"v":0.002304,"d":"2.30E-03"},"SEMA5A","Axon guidance molecule; Reduced expression reported in autism",19812673]
[11,{"v":0.003,"d":"3.00E-03"},"CNTN5","Neural cell recognition molecule promotes neurite outgrowth of cerebral cortical neurons",11438979]
[2,{"v":0.003,"d":"3.00E-03"},"PKP4","p120 catenin family member participates in cadherin stabilization and Rho signaling","15819401, 17115030"]
[10,{"v":0.003,"d":"3.00E-03"},"APBB1IP","Links Ras signaling to the actin cytoskeleton via Ena/VASP proteins ",15642358]
[8,{"v":0.003,"d":"3.00E-03"},"DLGAP2","Binds with Shank to link PSD-95 bound membrane receptors to the cytoskeleton","10527873, 19640847"]
[3,{"v":0.003,"d":"3.00E-03"},"SOX14","Mediates severing and pruning of dendritic arborizations by regulating MICAL expression","19881505, 16275926"]
[13,{"v":0.003579,"d":"3.58E-03"},"IRS2","Associates with Grb2 to regulate growth cone extension and membrane ruffling",9852124]
[10,{"v":0.003904,"d":"3.90E-03"},"PLXDC2","Semaphorin receptor with particularly strong expression in the developing Purkinje cell layer",17280871]
[1,{"v":0.004,"d":"4.00E-03"},"F3","Involved in axon growth and guidance, axon fasciculation, synapse formation, and myelination","15691716, 14667450"]
[11,{"v":0.004,"d":"4.00E-03"},"PVRL1","Axon-biased localization and cooperation with cadherin  is critical for association of axons and dendrites",16801389]
[18,{"v":0.004,"d":"4.00E-03"},"PTPRM","Modulates cadherin-catenin phosporylation; regulates adhesion and cytoskeletal morphology","16456543, 15491993"]
[7,{"v":0.004,"d":"4.00E-03"},"WIPF3","Forms a tight complex with N-WASP to regulate neuronal cytoskeleton via Arp 2/3 signaling",11553796]
[12,{"v":0.004,"d":"4.00E-03"},"SOCS2","Induces neurite outgrowth by regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activation",14764607]
[13,{"v":0.004,"d":"4.00E-03"},"SPRY2","Negative regulator of neurite sprouting and signaling from receptor tyrosine kinases",17599098]
[6,{"v":0.004,"d":"4.00E-03"},"FRS3","Microtubule-associated protein; binds neurotrophin Trk receptor tyrosine kinases, Grb2 and Shp2","19943849, 16697063"]
[20,{"v":0.004,"d":"4.00E-03"},"DOK5","Induces ligand-dependent axonal outgrowth",11470823]
[7,{"v":0.004,"d":"4.00E-03"},"EN2","Implicated cerebellar patterning, cell proliferation, neurite formation, and axonal pathfinding","18424904, 10952903"]
[20,{"v":0.004169,"d":"4.17E-03"},"PREX1","PIP3-dependent Rac-GEF that regulates actin cytoskeletal dynamics of axonal growth cone",18697831]
[20,{"v":0.004265,"d":"4.27E-03"},"PTPRT","Interacts with Fyn and the cadherin-catenin complex, exclusively expressed in CNS","16973135, 18916407"]
[6,{"v":0.004287,"d":"4.29E-03"},"FYN","Membrane-associated tyrosine kinase linking Trk, cadherin-catenin, NCAM to neurite outgrowth","15485499, 12640114"]
[8,{"v":0.004452,"d":"4.45E-03"},"LZTS1","Fasciculation and elongation protein implicated in neuritogenesis",15466860]
[10,{"v":0.005,"d":"5.00E-03"},"MAP3K8","Promotes cell migration; regulates the actin cytoskeleton and microtubule polarization",18572386]
[11,{"v":0.005,"d":"5.00E-03"},"MICAL2","Microtubule associated protein; homolog MICAL is required for semaphorin-plexin activity","16275926, 18305261"]
[13,{"v":0.006,"d":"6.00E-03"},"SLITRK5","Guidance molecule regulating neurite outgrowth; contributes to branching of sensory neurons","14550733, 17581972"]
[5,{"v":0.006,"d":"6.00E-03"},"SEMA6A","Major contributor to the guidance of corticospinal tract axons at multiple choice points",19063725]
[3,{"v":0.006,"d":"6.00E-03"},"DGKG","Colocalizes with Rac, particularly in lamellipodia, and participates in cytoskeletal organization",15102830]
[17,{"v":0.006,"d":"6.00E-03"},"CACNA1G","Calcium channel voltage dependent T-type; autism candidate gene in male probands",19455149]
[5,{"v":0.006,"d":"6.00E-03"},"EBF1","Overexpression in hippocampal cells leads to neurite outgrowth",15054865]
[4,{"v":0.006164,"d":"6.16E-03"},"FAT1","May participate in Ena/VASP-dependent regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics at the leading edge",15343270]
[9,{"v":0.006818,"d":"6.82E-03"},"PTPRD","Essential contributor to appropriate motoneuron axon targeting during axonogenesis",16738228]
[1,{"v":0.006963,"d":"6.96E-03"},"PIK3C2B","Regulates cytoskeletal organization and cell migration via Rac-dependent mechanisms",16775008]
[3,{"v":0.007,"d":"7.00E-03"},"PTPRG","Inhibits NGF-induced neurite outgrowth",11173927]
[11,{"v":0.007,"d":"7.00E-03"},"PARVA","Actin binding protein; Loss markedly stimulates Rac activation, lamellipodium formation",15284246]
[14,{"v":0.007,"d":"7.00E-03"},"FLRT2","Implicated in FGF signaling, neurite outgrowth, cell sorting and cadherin-mediated adhesion","19492039, 16872596"]
[15,{"v":0.007,"d":"7.00E-03"},"RGMA","Induces growth cone collapse and neurite outgrowth inhibition via Ras inactivation",19458235]
[17,{"v":0.007,"d":"7.00E-03"},"CDC42EP4","Cdc42 effector protein acts downtream of Cdc42 to effect changes in actin filament assembly",11035016]
[10,{"v":0.007,"d":"7.00E-03"},"FGFR2","FGFR signaling is central to adhesion-mediated neurite outgrowth","10564364, 18791849"]
[20,{"v":0.007,"d":"7.00E-03"},"STX16","Silencing of syntaxin 16 in primary cortical neurons significantly retards neurite outgrowth",17852734]
[8,{"v":0.008,"d":"8.00E-03"},"UNC5D","Netrin receptor that evidently regulates signaling in multipolar migrating cells in the embryonic cortex","18547816"]
[10,{"v":0.008,"d":"8.00E-03"},"PTEN","Regulates PI3K signaling during axonal extension and neurite outgrowth; reported association with autism","16495486, 11496368 "]
[3,{"v":0.008,"d":"8.00E-03"},"MAGI1","Required for cadherin-dependent Rap1 activation via RAPGEF2 in response to cell-cell contact",16339077]
[10,{"v":0.008,"d":"8.00E-03"},"NRG3","NRG dependent ErbB4 tyrosine kinase receptor activation results in exuberant dendritic arborization","17432114, 18819924"]
[7,{"v":0.009,"d":"9.00E-03"},"COBL","Actin nucleator whose expression results in dramatic increase of neurite induction and branching",17956734]
[10,{"v":0.009,"d":"9.00E-03"},"PARD3","Forms polarity complex with PAR6, PKCzeta; coordinates actin dynamics in neuronal growth cone","17825562, 17050699"]
[5,{"v":0.009,"d":"9.00E-03"},"PPP2R2B","Regulates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity for the microtubule-associated protein tau","18208556"]
[2,{"v":0.009,"d":"9.00E-03"},"ALK","Promotes cell growth and ERK 1/2 (MAPK)-dependent neurite outgrowth",15226403]
[5,{"v":0.009,"d":"9.00E-03"},"MAP3K1","Controls neurite regrowth after experimental injury by balancing ERK1/2 and JNK2 signaling",16006144]
[5,{"v":0.01,"d":"1.00E-02"},"CTNND2","Regulates dendritic spine formation and synapse morphogenesis in hippocampal neurons","19403811, 17993462"]
[20,{"v":0.01,"d":"1.00E-02"},"CDH4","Mutant CDH4 expression reduces or ablates neurite formation in zebrafish",15918170]
[6,{"v":0.01,"d":"1.00E-02"},"STXBP5","Promotes vesicle transport to leading edge of growth cones, regulating neurite extension and retraction",15240567]
[5,{"v":0.011,"d":"1.10E-02"},"ODZ2","Knockdown of teneurin in C. elegans results in abnormal axon guidance and cell migration",18723111]
[2,{"v":0.011,"d":"1.10E-02"},"NRXN1","May mediate cytoarchetectural changes supporting neuritogenesis; reported associated with autism","9811904, 18179900"]
[3,{"v":0.011,"d":"1.10E-02"},"ITGA9","Promotes neurite outgrowth on tenascin-C and enhances sensory axon regeneration",19403822]
[2,{"v":0.011,"d":"1.10E-02"},"RND3","Stimulates neurite-like outgrowth through the inhibition of RhoA",19968760]
[1,{"v":0.011,"d":"1.10E-02"},"RYR2","Ryanodine receptor mediated Ca2+ release is related to neurite outgrowth in later stages of development",19068207]
[7,{"v":0.012,"d":"1.20E-02"},"CALD1","Regulates contractility and actin cytoskeleton remodeling by stabilizing actin filaments","19349035, 19564873"]
[1,{"v":0.013,"d":"1.30E-02"},"SYT6","Inhibition of synaptotagmin-dependent Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis blocks neurite outgrowth",10358928]
[9,{"v":0.014,"d":"1.40E-02"},"PALM2-AKAP2","Paralemmin modulates filopodia induction; knockdown impairs ability of Shank to form dendritic spines","18287537, 17200417"]
[6,{"v":0.014,"d":"1.40E-02"},"MAP3K7","BMP2-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells involves activation of the MAP3K7-p38 kinase pathway",11737269]
[3,{"v":0.015,"d":"1.50E-02"},"ALCAM","Zebrafish orthologues are involved in axon growth and guidance",19107846]
[11,{"v":0.015,"d":"1.50E-02"},"CTNND1","Regulates dendritic spine formation and synapse morphogenesis in hippocampal neurons","19403811, 17993462"]
[5,{"v":0.015,"d":"1.50E-02"},"RGNEF","Rho-GEF interacts with D-catenin to suppress RhoA, not Rac or Cdc42, promoting dendritic morphogenesis",17993462]
[7,{"v":0.016,"d":"1.60E-02"},"ELMO1","Binds to SH3 domain of DOCK1 to induce extensive lamellipodial protrusion and process formation","19118547, 14638695"]
[9,{"v":0.016,"d":"1.60E-02"},"NTNG2","Neocortical neurons extend long neurites on immobilized recombinant netrin-G in vitro",11804778]
[15,{"v":0.016,"d":"1.60E-02"},"NTRK3","Earliest neurotrophin receptor expressed in development; regulates differentiation and neurite outgrowth","19110723, 16699811"]
[14,{"v":0.016,"d":"1.60E-02"},"FOXG1","Transcription factor; dramatically stimulates neurite outgrowth",20506244]
[6,{"v":0.018,"d":"1.80E-02"},"FUT9","Membrane fucosylation is regulated by PLC-gamma and modulates neurite outgrowth and migration","19048108, 18717687"]
[1,{"v":0.019,"d":"1.90E-02"},"PLA2G4A","Releases arachidonic acid; enriched in neuronal growth cones and inhibition impairs neurite outgrowth","8931495, 17187973"]
[1,{"v":0.019,"d":"1.90E-02"},"NGF","Induces neurite outgrowth through multiple mechanisms, e.g. TrkA receptor activation",12133829]
[12,{"v":0.019,"d":"1.90E-02"},"PPM1H","Localized in neurites and growth cones and regulates neurite extension",9770338]
[12,{"v":0.02,"d":"2.00E-02"},"AMIGO2","Implicated in axon tract development, fasciculation and neurite extension",12629050]
[17,{"v":0.02,"d":"2.00E-02"},"RTN4RL1","Nogo66 receptor-like 1 - involved in inhibition of axonal outgrowth",14664809]
[9,{"v":0.021,"d":"2.10E-02"},"DOCK8","Cdc42 interacting protein present at the cell edges of lamellipodial formation; within 9p deletion region","15304341, 18060736"]
[5,{"v":0.023,"d":"2.30E-02"},"GDNF","GDNF and NCAM interact to induce neurite outgrowth, involving Src family kinase Fyn and FGFR",19741142]
[2,{"v":0.024,"d":"2.40E-02"},"CXCR4","Regulates axon guidance; Knockout of CXCR4 or its ligand CXCL12 impairs interneuron migration ","18177992, 19494133"]
[11,{"v":0.026,"d":"2.60E-02"},"KIRREL3","Ig superfamily CAM implicated in axonal pathfinding, including the targeting of proprioceptive neurons","19012874, 18752272"]
[12,{"v":0.026,"d":"2.60E-02"},"PLXNC1","Sempahorin receptor, inactivates acting binding protein cofilin possibly by upregulating Lim kinase",18987670]
[2,{"v":0.026,"d":"2.60E-02"},"NRP2","Semaphorin receptor; CUB domain; may be required for proper guidance of migrating interneurons","20010807, 17427189"]
[12,{"v":0.026,"d":"2.60E-02"},"CIT","Rho target demonstrated to modulate extension of dendrites and distribution of GABAergic interneurons","12781320, 19148892"]
[7,{"v":0.027,"d":"2.70E-02"},"CNTNAP2","Elicits cell-type specific promotion or inhibition of neurite outgrowth; reported association with autism","18179893, 19458237"]
[10,{"v":0.027,"d":"2.70E-02"},"CTNNA3","Influences cell adhesion and motility by competing with Arp 2/3-mediated actin polymerization",18363555]
[7,{"v":0.027,"d":"2.70E-02"},"MAGI2","Multi-domain scaffolding molecule; interacts with PTEN, NMDA subunits, DLGAP, NLGN, and beta-catenin","11826105, 17724123"]
[18,{"v":0.028,"d":"2.80E-02"},"PARD6G","Par6 is a key polarity adaptor that links Cdc42 and atypical PKC to Par3","10934474"]
[3,{"v":0.028,"d":"2.80E-02"},"SRGAP3","Regulates actin and microtubule dynamics, acting toward Rac and Cdc42","16730001, 18343202"]
[3,{"v":0.029,"d":"2.90E-02"},"KALRN","Brain specific Rac-GEF regulates dendritic arborization and spine morphogenesis in pyramidal cells","19800004, 19625617"]
[8,{"v":0.029,"d":"2.90E-02"},"PTK2","Src and FAK (PTK2) are early signaling intermediates required for neurite outgrowth","17999938, 16202709"]
[6,{"v":0.035,"d":"3.50E-02"},"NEDD9","Participates neurite outgrowth, cell adhesion and fibronectin-induced cell migration","18585997, 16344118"]
[4,{"v":0.039,"d":"3.90E-02"},"DCHS2","Regulates planar cell polarity and may be required for accurate axon guidance","19506035, 17075008"]
[20,{"v":0.046,"d":"4.60E-02"},"PTPN1","Regulates neurite extension mediated by cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion molecules","11169624, 19158394"]
[19,{"v":0.046,"d":"4.60E-02"},"NFIC","Key player in a variety of CNS processes including axonal outgrowth and guidance",19058033]
[5,{"v":0.047,"d":"4.70E-02"},"IQGAP2","Depletion impairs neurite or axon outgrowth in neuronal cells ",17244649]
[11,{"v":0.049,"d":"4.90E-02"},"NTM","Regulates cell type-specific development of neuronal projections via atttractive and repulsive mechanisms",9801370]
[1,{"v":0.049,"d":"4.90E-02"},"LEPR","Leptin receptor, participates in regulation of growth cone morphogenesis in cortical neurons",16522636]
[2,{"v":0.05,"d":"5.00E-02"},"BCL11A","Regulates netrin receptor DCC and MAP1b expression to control axon branching and dendrite outgrowth",19616629]
[]
["For genes corresponding to more than one significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) block, the lowest p-value among these blocks is presented."]