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["Additional file 2 – in-depth overview of the features of the selected pharmacogenomic CDSS"]
[]
[{"$nulls":3},"User-system interaction designs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Alerts",null,null,"Reports","EHR data","Infobox messages","Search engine","Others"]
["System or project name","Citation","Users and study location ","Alert type","Post-testing alert design","Pre-test alert design"]
["Clinical Pharmacogenomic Service (CPS)","Fusaro et al. 2013; Manzi et al. 2016","Boston Children's Hospital (BCH); Physicians Pharmacists","pre-testing; post-testing ","problem description (pharmacogenomic test result; pharmacogenomic result interpretation; indicating clinical impact of potential drugs-gene interactions); recommendations (dose modification/alternatives); override options for prescription (prescription canceling or modifying;keep order; pre-defined or free-text reasons); refer to either consult the CPS or departmental algorithms); note (service contact information)","recommendations (test ordering; when target drug is prescribed)","general information (patient data); test status (test ordered); pharmacogenomic results; pharmacogenomic results interpretation; recommendations;  links to further information (additional information about related gene(s)); 'stored as HTLM and PDF in the database","pharmacogenomic results (in lab results section of EHR; problem list entry); pharmacogenomic results report; note (posttest-consult)","-","-","-"]
["Medicine Safety Code (MSC)","Minarro-Gimenez et al. 2014; Blagec et al. 2016","University of Vienna; Physicians and Patients","-","-","-","problem description (pharmacogenomic test result; pharmacogenomic result (phenotype) interpretation; indicating clinical impact of potential drugs-gene interactions); recommendations (dosage-adjusted medication options based on pharmacogenomic results; drug alternatives/ modifcation; drugs that should be avoided); additional symptoms which might indicate an ADE; links to further information (full guideline texts and original references); interactive HTML page","-","-","search engine results (drug-gene variants pairs (information about influenced gene; recommendations); drug-recommendations pairs)","interface to upload  files (upload genetic profil in 23andMe or VCF format to generate a MSC QR code; instruction to guide upload; selecting strand orientation and file format; file uploader); QR code printed (on paper-based lab report; on paper-based personalized cards for patients)"]
["UW-PowerChart® prototype ","Overby et al. 2012; Devine et al. 2014; Overby et al. 2015; Nishimura et al. 2015; Nishimura et al. 2016","University of Washington; Physicians","post-testing (when particular drug is ordered or if patient's record is opened (if a stored gene variant influences several drugs)","problem description  (medication ordered; pharmacogenomic test result (genotype and phenotype); pharmacogenomic result interpretation (logic of the algorithm; indicating clinical impact of potential drugs-gene interactions); recommendations (drug alternatives; if not \"information only\" or only \"warning\"); override options for prescription (prescription canceling or modifying (drug or dose); keep order; pre-defined); links to further information (additional information about related gene(s); full guideline texts and original references); notes (pharmacists contact information)","-","full report in PDF format in EHR about patients' pharmacogenomic results","pharmacogenomic results (in lab results section of EHR; discrete data); pharmacogenomic results interpretation (in lab results section; clinical significance)","-","-","-"]
["CU-case series study","Cabrera und Finkelstein 2012; Finkelstein et al. 2016","Columbia University; Physicians","-","-","-","problem description (pharmacogenomic results (genotype and phenotype); pharmacogenomic results interpretation; indicating clinical impact of potential drug-gene interactions); recommendation (dosage-adjusted medication options based on pharmacogenomic results; drug alternatives; drugs that should be avoided)","-","-","-","-"]
["RIGHT (pharmacogenomic-CDSS Nr.1)","Caraballo et al. 2016","Mayo Clinic; Physicians","pre-testing; post-testing","problem description (pharmacogenomic test result; pharmacogenomic result interpretation; indicating clinical impact of potential drugs-gene interactions); recommendations; override options for prescription (prescription canceling or modifying; keep order; pre-defined reasons); link to further information (online; additional information about related gene)","problem description (indicating clinical impact of potential drug-gene interactions); recommendations (test ordering, test order option; when targeted drug is prescribed or asian ancestry known); override option for prescription; link to further information (online; additional information about related gene)","-","pharmacogenomic results (problem list entry)","inbox message (to the prescribing clinician once pharmacogenomic test results are available in EHR)","-","-"]
["RIGHT (pharmacogenomic-CDSS Nr.2)","Vitek et al. 2015","Mayo Clinic; Physicians","post-testing","problem description (pharmacogenomic test result (phenotype); pharmacogenomic result interpretation; indicating clinical impact of potential drugs-gene interactions); recommendations (drug alternatives/ modifcation; drugs that should be avoided); links to further information (additional information about related gene(s); full guideline texts and original references) ","-","-","pharmacogenomic results (in lab results section of EHR)","to the prescribing clinician once pharmacogenomic test results are available in EHR; links to further information (additional information about related gene(s); full guideline texts and original references)","-","-"]
["RIGHT (pharmacogenomic-CDSS Nr.3)","Ji et al. 2016","Mayo Clinic; Physicians","post-testing","problem description (pharmacogenomic results (phenotype); pharmacogenomic results interpretation; indicating clinical impact of potential drug-gene interactions, even multiple drug-gene interactions (one drug-one gene; several drugs-one gene; several drugs-several genes); recommendation (dosage-adjusted medication options based on pharmacogenomic results; drug alternatives/ modifcation; drugs that should be avoided);  links to further information (additional information about related gene(s); full guideline texts and original references)  ","-","-","-","-","-","online portal for patients (pharmacogenomic results for patients accessed directly through their Mayo Clinic Online Patient Service)"]
["PREDICT","Pulley et al. 2012; Peterson et al. 2013","Vanderbilt University; Physicians and Pharmacists ","pre-testing; post-testing","problem description (pharmacogenomic results (genotype and phenotype); pharmacogenomic results interpretation (logic of the algorithm); indicating clinical impact of potential drug-gene interactions); recommendation (dosage-adjusted medication options based on pharmacogenomic results; drug alternatives/ modifcation); override option for prescription (prescription canceling or modifying; keep order; pre-defined options)","recommendation (test ordering; which the prognostic model flaged for preemtive pharmacogenomic; confirmation requested)","pharmacogenomic results (genotype and phenotype); pharmacogenomic results interpretation (clinical significance); links to further informationen","pharmacogenomic results (all) and pharmacogenomic results interpretation (genotype and phenotype; in lab results section); report (summary page)","-","-","online portal (pharmacogenomic results and pharmacogenomic results interpretation for patients accessed directly through their VUMC's patient portal)"]
["Personalized Medication Program (PMP) pharmacogenomic CDSS Nr. 1","Hicks et al. 2016; Teng et al. 2014","Cleveland Clinc (Ohio); physicians","pre-testing; post-testing","problem description (pharmacogenomic results; pharmacogenomic result interpretation; indicating clinical impact of potential drugs-gene interactions);  recommendations (drugs that should be avoided); override options for prescription (prescription canceling or modifying; keep order; pre-defined); link to further information (additional information about related gene); notes (pharmacists contact information; posttest-consultation note)","problem description (indicating clinical impact of potential drug-gene interactions); recommendations (test ordering, test order option; when targeted drug is prescribed and asian ancestry known; but not redundantly); override option for prescription; link to further information (additional information about related gene)","pharmacogenomic results; pharmacogenomic results interpretation (captured and displayed in medication order screen)","pharmacogenomic results (in lab results section of EHR; annotated as discrete data; problem list entry); pharmacogenomic results report in CPOE (Test status (what test ordered; result present, date of current test ordered); pharmacogenomic test result interpretation (clinical significance and logic of the algorithm)","-","-","virtual pharmacogenomic consult (physician can request a consultation through an EHR message to a pharmacist)"]
["Personalized Medication Program (PMP); pharmacogenomic CDSS Nr. 2","Owusu-Obeng et al. 2014","Cleveland Clinc (University of Florida) physicians","post-testing","problem description (pharmacogenomic results (genotype and phenotype); pharmacogenomic result interpretation (clinical significance; logic of algorithm), indicating clinical impact of potential drugs-gene interactions);  recommendations (drug alternatives/modification; incl. contraindication and caution factors); override options for prescription (prescription canceling or modifying (drug within alert) keep order; pre-defined); link to further information (additional information about related gene and drug); notes (pharmacists contact information)","-","-","-","inbox message (to the clincal pharmacist clinician once pharmacogenomic test results are available in EHR; for doublechecking)"]
["PG4KDS","Bell et al. 2014; Hoffman et al. 2014; Gammal et al. 2016","St. Jude Children Research Hospital; Physician; Nurse practitioner; Pharmacists; Patients","pre-testing; post-testing","problem description (pharmacogenomic result interpretation (clinical significance); indicating clinical impact of potential drugs-gene interactions); recommendations (drug modification; consulting a clinical pharmacist); override options for prescription (prescription canceling or modifying; keep order); links to further information (online; additional information about related gene)","Recommendations (test ordering, test order option; when targeted drug is prescribed); override option for prescription (prescription canceling; keep order); link to further information (online; additional information about related gene; note (pharmacist contact information; posttest-consultation))","patient letter (pharmacogenomic results; pharmacogenomic interpretation (clinical significance)); post-test consultation report (problem description (pharmacogenomic result (genotype and phenotype); pharmacogenomic result interpretation (clinical significance; logic of algorithm); indicating clinical impact of potential drugs-gene interactions); recommendation (drug alternatives/ modifcation; drugs that should be avoided);  links to further information (additional information about related gene); notes (pharmacist contact information))","pharmacogenomic results and pharmacogenomic result interpretation (in lab section of EHR); patient letter; post-test consultation report","with new problem list entry notification; entry in EHR; pharmacogenomic result; pharmacogenomic result interpretation (genotype and phenotype)"]
["GeneSight","Altar et al. 2015","No particular study location; Physicians","-","-","-","General information (patient data; Sample; ordering physician); pharmacogenomic results interpretation (color-coded (three color-coded categories for each genotyped individual: little or no gene–drug interaction (green ‘use as directed’ category), moderate gene–drug interaction (yellow ‘use with caution’ category) and severe gene–drug interaction (red ‘use with increased caution and with more frequent monitoring’ category)))","-","-"]
["Genomic prescribing system (GPS) portal","O'Donnell et al. 2014; Hussain et al. 2016","University of Chicago; Physicians; Patients","post-testing","pharmacogenomic results; pharmacogenomic results interpretation (three color-coded categories); link to further information (clinical summary (pharmacogenomic results; pharmacogenomic result interpretation; recommendations (drug alternatives/ modifcation)); designed to be read in 30 sec. or less)","-","summary page of pharmacogenomic results impacting current medication on front page of each patients's chart in the GPS)","-",null,"search engine results (drug-disease; medication; pharmacogenomic risk level; level of evidence); link to further information (full guideline texts and original references)","virtual pharmacogenomic consult"]
["CLIPMERGE pharmacogenomic Program","Gottesman et al. 2013","Mount Sinai Medical Center; Physcians","post-testing","problem description (medication ordered; pharmacogenomic results (genotype and phenotype); pharmacogenomic result interpretation (clinical significance; logic of the algorithm); indicating clinical impact of potential drugs-gene interactions); recommendations (drug alternatives); override option for prescription (prescription modifying (drug within alert)); links to further information (drug related information)","-","-","-","-","-","-"]
["Pharmacogenetics Testing\nImplementation Committee (PGTIC)","Goldspiel et al. 2014","National Institutes of Health Clinical Center,\nBethesda, Maryland","pre-testing; post-testing","problem description (pharmacogenomic results (genotype and phenotype); pharmacogenomic result interpretation (clinical significance)); test status (result present, absent, pending, or test not ordered; date of last related test ordered; available gene tests which are related to drug); recommendation (drug alternative); override options for prescription (prescription canceling or keep order; pre-defined; information carried down to the mediaction order tracking field); links to further information (additional information about related gene(s))","problem description (indicating clinical impact of potential drug-gene interactions); recommendations (test ordering); override options (give a reason why pharmacogenomic testing seems to be not required; for prescription (canceling or keep order; within alert); pre-defined options);test status (result present, absent, pending, or test not ordered; date of last related test ordered; available gene tests which are related to drug); test ordering (test order option);  links to further information (additional information about related gene(s))","-","pharmacogenomic results; override options (information carried down to the mediaction order tracking field)","to the prescribing clinician once pharmacogenomic test results are available in EHR; only test number, no patient data; no pharmacogenomic test results; test status on the order form (result present, absent, pending, or test not ordered); order options (overriding incl. predefined reasons; or blocked)","-","-"]
["genAP project","Laerum et al. 2013","Oslo University; Physicians","-","-","-","problem description (pharmacogenomic results (genotype and phenotype); pharmacogenomic results interpretation (logic of the algorithm); indicating clinical impact of potential drug-gene interactions); recommendation; links to further information (additional information about related gene(s); and drugs; full guideline texts and original references) ","-","-","-","-"]
["YouScript","Brixner et al. 2015","University of Utah; Physicians; Pharmacists","-","-","-","general information (patient data; current medications); problem description (pharmacogenomic results interpretation (severity-coded (change; consider; monitor; no change); indicating clinical impact of potential drug-gene interactions); recommendation (severity-coded; dosage-adjusted medication options based on pharmacogenomic results; drug alternatives/modifcation); sent to provider","-","-","-","-"]
["TreatGx (system name)","Dawes et al. 2016","University of British Columbia; primary care physicians; pharmacist","-","-","-","-","general information (patient data; current medication; relevant comorbidities); pharmacogenomic results; recommendation (dosage-adjusted medication options based on pharmacogenomic results)","to the prescribing clinician once pharmacogenomic test results are available in EHR","-","-"]
["CPMC","Sweet et al. 2014","Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; patients","-","-","-","pharmacogenomic results; pharmacogenomic results interpretation (clinical significance); recommendation (to discuss pharmacogenomic results with physician whenever a medication impacted by this pharmacogenomic results is prescribed); links to further information (full guideline texts and original references)","in lab results section (hyperlink to display the content of the report in PDF format)","to the patient once pharmacogenomic test results are available in webportal","-","-"]
["Warfarin Dosing prototype ","Melton et al. 2016","Wishard Hospital and Veterans Affairs Medical Center Indianapolis; Physicians; Pharmacists","post-testing","general information (patient data; age and current warfarin indication; INR/Dose history); problem description (pharmacogenomic results (genotype and phenotype); pharmacogenomic result interpretation (clinical significance; logic of algorithm), indicating clinical impact of potential drugs-gene interactions);  recommendations (dose adjustments); override options for prescription (prescription modifying or keep order; pre-defined); link to further information (additional information about related gene and drug)","-","-","-","-","-","-"]