# tblA_STUDY_BASE

StudySummary:
The purpose of this study was to determine if a laser system of bird control could be employed to decrease the bird-strike hazard to aircraft without any adverse effect to the birds or the environment. They tested the effect of a high-intensity laser that was also connected to a pulse generator (producing continuous and pulsing light). Birds were first tested using the concentrated laser beam at 2 different wavelengths and then using the expanded beam (diameter of 1cm, 2cm, 2 inches, 4 inches, and 6 inches). The cage was divided into 2 territories and they attempted to deny the birds one of the territories. They recorded the percent avoidance of the laser beam and the mean time to group avoidance.  It should be noted that the details of the document are difficult to interpret and clarification may be required before inclusion in a systematic review.

DescriptionOfReplicates:
Gulls were tested in groups of three. The beam diameters (0.2 - 35 cm) and power settings (0.05 W - 3.0 watts) tested are listed in Table III. They tested a continuous beam and a beam that was pulsing at 144 pulses/minute

DescriptionOfResults:
There was no demonstrable group avoidance of the laser. This authors suggest that the size of the test cage may have prevented subordinate birds from following dominant birds into the untreated area because they did not want to get too close to the dominant birds.


StudySummary:
The authors sought to determine whether the higher proportion of immature birds typically observed at coastal than inland sites during migration (the "coastal effect") was due to a) Ralph's hypothesis that immature birds concentrate beyond the edges of a species' regular overland migration routes or b)  Murray's hypothesis that adult and immature birds fly the same route, but immature birds stop as soon as they reach land while mature birds continue inland before stopping. The authors examined the ratio of immature to mature mature birds at 3 types of sites in northeastern North America: Coastal banding stations, Inland banding stations (more the 5 km from coastline), and nocturnal kills at lighted man-made structures. They also compare age ratios at three banding stations on Lake Erie operatedd by Long Point Bird Observatory (LPBO): one banding station at the top of the 33-km peninusula extending from the North shore of Lake Eirie (Long Point), where a lighthouse was also present, one banding station midway along the peninsulsa, and one banding station 5 kilometers inland. These lakes are not on the edge of migration routes, so the presence of more young birds at the peninsula stations would support Murray's hypothesis that they tend to stop as soon as they make landfall.

DescriptionOfReplicates:
Their analysis comparing age ratios at coastal sites v. inland sites v. nocturnal kills included 5 coastal banding stations, 8 inland banding stations, and 7 nocturnal kills. Table 1 shows the years in sample for all of hte data sources. The more detailed analysis using the Long Point Bird Obervatory (LPBO) data included data from 1965 - 1977 at the two stations on the peninsula and 1974 - 1977 at the station 5 km from the shore. They analyzed LPBO's autumn data for 15 species of warbler

DescriptionOfResults:
For most species, the proportion of immature birds v. adult birds was higher at coastal sites than at inland sites (Table 1). The proportion of immatures killed at lighted structures was lower than the proportion of immature birds caught at banding stations. At Long Point, there was a higher proportion of immature birds at the banding station midway along the peninsula than at the inland banding station, while the age ratio at the tip of the peninsula was similar to that at the inland station. The authors hypothesized that adults were attracted to the lighthouse at the tip of the peninsula under certain conditions, explaining why there was a lower proportion of immature birds at the tip of the penenisula than at the other peninsula location (where there was no light source). They examined the proportion of immature birds banded at the tip of Long Point 1-3 days after lighthouse kills compared to all other days (Figure 6). They found that in 9/15 species, the samples caught after lighthouse kills had a significantly higher proportion of adult birds than samples from other time periods. "Our conclusion is that the presence of the ligthouse alters the behavior of the migrants such that adults are more likely to be captured there than at a normal banding site." They also found that a higher proportion of adults were banded at the tip of Long Point during the new moon than during the full moon for 4/10 species (Figure 7), indicating that the influence of the lighthouse is stronger during the new moon.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: Article describes the timing of fall migration for various species and describes the nature of aggregation and mortality events. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Reports of birds aggregating or colliding with lantern or found dead on the ground were opportunistically reported by the lighthouse keeper during Fall migration. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: The article does not report specific events. It describes in general terms that many species aggregate and are found dead around the lighthouse.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: Article is an exploration of the lighthouse itself, which was isolated and had not been previously reported on. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Author reports in general terms that birds are captured at the lantern during migration. Does not specify a time period or that any regular surveys occur. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: Author reports in general terms that lighthouse keeper often catches a number of birds about the lantern during migration. On Christmas Eve (year not reported), "no fewer than three hundred lapwings, with a few larks, thrushes, and plovers, were secured in the course of a few hours." Author does not report that any birds were found dead during this event. This is the only mention of birds in the article


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: This report is primarily concerned with weight loss during migratory flight based on Veeries (Hylocichla Jescecens) and Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) attracted to the lighthouse at Long point, Ontario during nocturnal migration DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: All Veeries and Ovenbirds present at lantern (both alive and dead) were collected at intervals during the night on 6-7 May 1965 (Veeries) and 21-22 September 1966 (Ovenbirds),  and the weight of each individual is reported. Veeries (both alive and dead) were collected each hour starting at midnight. Live Ovenbirds were collected as they arrived and dead Ovenbirds were collected at irregular intervals. Author also describes in general terms how birds aggregate in large numbers and some are killed at the lighthouse. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: 80 Veeries were collected on 6-7 May 1965 and 96 Ovenbirds were collected on 21-22 September. It is unclear if these nights represented unusual aggregation and mortality events, or if these numbers were typical during migration. Article also reports in general terms that mortality and aggregation events occur at the lighthouse.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: Description of an individual banded bird colliding with light-house DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Flocks of terns were observed flying around the dome of the lighthouse. Single record of banded immature Arctic Tern (Sterna macrura) colliding with Barns Ness Light-house DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: NA


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: Investigation into the harm done (in terms of injury and death) by lighthouses to birds, within Ontario and Quebec.  DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: This was a survey; responses were collected from 68 lighthouse keepers throughout Ontario and Quebec. Includes descriptions of bird injuries caused by collisions into lighthouses and number killed (generally per x amount of time). The table also states, for each lighthouse, the weather conditions under which mortality most often occurs. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: Table given stating height above water, "amount of destruction" , weather conditions and any additional remarks by the lighthouse keepers.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: A general study on the impact of lighthouses in Southern British Columbia on birds. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: This was a collection of opportunistic reports from the lighthouse keepers of 46 total lighthouses from a survey ordered by the Commissioner of Canadian National Parks. The survey asked questions about the characteristics of the light (fixed or revolving), location of lighthouse, estimates for the number of mortalities and conditions associated with mass mortality events. Survey responses are published in detail and recorded in a table on p. 172-173 titled "Tables showing type of light, location, and yearly casualties." DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: The article reports in general terms that mortality and aggregation events occur. Most mortalities occurred at 12 stations, and mortalities never occurred or were rare at the other stations.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: Simply a report on a new species of bird observed for the area. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Opportunistically reported birds by light-house keeper. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: UA


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: Reporting on bird mortalities DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: This study provides opportunistically recorded bird collisions with the Skerryvore Lighthouse. The keeper recorded observations during both spring and fall migrations, as well as noting the behaviour of the birds flying around the light. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: Two mass mortality events were described in this article. One describing the mass mortality of hundreds of Meadow Pipits that occurred on the night of September 20. No exact numbers were given as many birds that were killed fell into the sea. Other species observed during this event include a number of Wheatears, 1 Starling, 1 Ring Ouzel, 2 Jack Snipe, 3 White Wagtails, 1 Thrush, and one Yellow-browed Warbler.
The second mass mortality event described notes a massive flock of Redwings, Fieldfares, Blackbirds, and Thrushes that occurred on October 21. Thousands of birds are described to have collided with the lighthouse but only 98 were found on the gallery due to high winds.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The main purpose was to observe bird species migrating past the light ship. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Daily and nightly observations of migrating birds from a lightship over the course of two weeks. Odd behaviours and aggregation and mortality events were also reported in addition to daily weather and wind conditions. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: Two major events described, both under very similar conditions; a stormy night where thousands of birds perched on parts of the ship, circled the revolving light or crashed violently into the lantern. The first was on October 21-22, involving redwings, song thrushes, starlings, meadow pipits, skylarks, and a few other assorted species. The second was on October 31-November 1 involving mostly skylarks and starlings.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: Reporting on avian observations at the Flamborough lighthouses DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Opportunistically reported collisions and observations DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: On September 7, a large mass mortality of 300 Gulls circling the light, many colliding with the lantern. 11 events of mass aggregation noted on January 9, March 15, April 2, May 13, September 7,  October 14, October 22, October 28, November 15, November 27, December 13


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The primary purpose of this article was to observe and record various kinds of native birds around the Lighthouse, Puyesgur Point, Invercargill, in New Zealand. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS:  The records of 25 birds that were seen around the area at the time are listed on all three pages of the article (including the specimen name, their habitat, physical features, etc,). Bird collisions with the lighthouse are described at the end of the article. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: The mortality events were briefly mentioned on the last paragraph of page 135. The birds that are listed were killed by dashing against the lighthouse panes at night during thic weather. Here are the list of birds: 1 Dove-Petrel, 1 White-winged Petrel, 4 Sombre Shearwaters or Mutton-Bird. 2 White-fronted Terns


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The purpose this article is to provide a record of all the birds observed at the Cay Lobos Lighthouse, Bahamas. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Systematic collection of specimens collected at the lighthouse with the date it was collected, the sex of the bird, and the weather at the time of observation. Observations are organized into a table at the end of the article on page 149. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: No mass mortality or aggregation events reported.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The purpose of the this report is to record the bird moralities from the Fanthom Bank Lighthouse DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Records were opportunistically recorded from collected specimens from lantern collisions. Records are of birds found on the ground and birds found fluttering around the light. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: 51 events described, most of a single or a few birds found. The largest record is of 24 Siberian Thrush found dead around the lighthouse.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The main purpose of this report is to summarize their observations of various birds species during spring and autumn migration seasons,  crossing the Red Sea near Daedalus Reef. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: The bulk of this observations were made during the spring migration of 1936 by a British Light-house keeper (Mr. S.J. Beale) while in the employment of the Egyptian government on the Daedalus reef (an island in the middle of the Red Sea, just north of the southern boundary of Egypt). The list of birds that were observed are compiled on page 34, 35(half a page) and 37. These include the specification, description, and number of birds that were recorded. In the passage before the discussion of events, they recorded picking up as many as 60 birds (mostly Quail) that have struck the lighthouse during the autumn migration of 1929 and 1932. Again in September 1934, they picked three birds (water fowl species) in the compound and collected 150 birds of different species (not specified) outside of the compound. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: There are two mass mortality events that are discussed in the passage before discussion and conclusions (page 38). The first event recorded was during the autumn migration of 1929 and 1932, while being stationed at the Brothers lighthouse. Around 10 p.m., they picked up as many as 60 birds (mostly quail) that have struck the lighthouse. During this occasion, there was a severe sand storm with wind having come up with the moon. The second event recorded was in September 1934 while stationed at the Brothers lighthouse during similar weather conditions. They picked up three water fowl species in the compound and they also picked up 150 birds of different species (not specified) outside of the compound. They noted for these observations that the birds were flying at a height of 130 feet above sea level (level of the lantern) during a very bad atmosphere with poor visibility during a sand storm. They concluded that it was necessary for birds to descend to pick up the landmarks during a sandy and misty atmosphere.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The purpose of this report was to conduct a systematic investigation into the number of bird mortalities that occur at lighthouses along the coast of California. The investigators wanted to determine if there were certain characteristics of lighthouses that caused more birds to collide. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Report provides an overview of the opportunistically recorded bird collisions with lighthouses along the coast of California. The report covers observations from 37 lighthouses. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS:  Most of the 10 lighthouses recorded that the number of birds killed is very small, however, two or three stations had more evidently serious reports. As an example, the keeper at Point Arena lighthouse states during calm dark nights, they found 10-30 dead birds found near the area. They record average of six per night and twelve during migration seasons.
At lighthouses near sea level or at the foot of high bluffs, no mortalities were reported. There were considerable mortalities at lighthouses with high elevation. The average elevation of all lighthouses reporting birds killed was 165 feet, while the average elevation of lighthouses reporting no birds killed was 88 feet.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The main purpose of this report is to document the nocturnal migration of bird species using the collection of wings from birds which struck at the Egyptian lighthouses. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: The report consists of description of wings collected from birds which struck at Egyptian lighthouses.  The main interest of these record is not the actual species obtained (all of which are common in Egypt at the time of striking), but what seems more of importance is the information bearing on the movement at night by some species of birds. They were able to collect wing samples of birds such as Flamingoes, Arctic tern, and Skuas which were though not to move at night. The identification of wings were listed on both of the pages, labeling the birds that were found dead by the striking of lighthouses. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: The recordings of dead birds were collected from Rosetta, Borollos, Damietta, Zaffarana, Ashrafi in Egypt. The author states that birds were collected during spring and autumn seasons which is not favourable for striking. They also tabulated their findings on page 643/644 which included the date, wind, weather, species name, number of species found dead, and the length of their wings (mm).


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The purpose of this article was to summarize the birds killed at the Skadan Lighthouse during the fall of 1976. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Birds were recorded opportunistically by the lighthouse keeper and summarized into a table. Events were all described from fall migration. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: Three large events were described, the largest one being from the night of October 25/26 where a total of 76 birds were found dead, 63 of them being Redwings. The other large events occurred on September 26/27 describing 15 mortalities and the third one from October 20/21 with 14 moratalities, 11 of these being Redwings. Four other nights were reported, each with 8 or fewer mortalities.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The purpose of this article is to track the timing of migration of common snipe. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS:  The authors set up a banding station and note the number of Common Snipe trapped and ringed during each month. They provide information relevant to this map in Figure 2, where they show the distribution in time of Common Snipe killed at lighthouses from 1886-1957. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: No specific events described, only a figure illustrating the relationship between the number of birds killed and the month, using data from 1886-1957. The highest peak occurred at the end of October.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The main purpose of the article was to report the first observed Siberian Chiffchaff(Phylloscopus collybita tristis) for Scotland. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Records were of opportunistically reported birds by the light-housekeeper on December 3, 1916. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: One event described with multiple species observed "at the lantern."


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The purpose of the article was to discover where the majority of mass mortality events involving lighthouses occur. The data was collected through opportunistically report events by lighthouse keepers. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: The report highlights a number of opportunistically recorded collisions from light-house keepers across the United States. Most collisions were reported during the spring and fall migrations. These reports were from 24 different lighthouses along the East and West coasts of the United States. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: The lighthouses with reported mass mortality events include Cape Cod Light, Cape May Light, Cape Hatteras Light, Hunting Island Light, St. Augustine Light, West Rigolets Light, and a large mortality event occurring on the steamer 'Glaucus' off the coast of New York. The mass mortality events described range from 50 birds up to 200 birds depending on the lighthouse. Most of the mass mortality events occurred along the coast of the Southeastern U.S.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The purpose of this report was to describe bird behaviours and moralities around the Seguin Lighthouse.  DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Opportunistic records and general observations made by the second assistant lighthouse keeper over a five year period. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: Describes in general terms that birds tend to aggregate towards the light and persistently fly into the glass. Describes specific, notable instances and specific species on pages 3-6.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The main purpose of this report is the recording of birds at different lighthouses around Southern Australia (Melbourne) and Tasmania Island. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: The birds were recorded by lighthouse keepers around Southern Australia. The recording of these birds are at different dates and times (these were opportunistically found) where they were able to observe them in large flocks, some that were segregated, and birds that struck the lighthouses (dead or alive). These recordings were conducted at 10 different lighthouses in southern Australia and Tasmania Island. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: Here is the list of lighthouses and its description of events that recorded some form of bird mortality: 1. Swan Island, Tasmania: Several Petrels were struck during rainy or cloudy weather on June 16th, at 4:30 am.c 2. Althorpe Island Lighthouse, Southern Australia: One White-faced Storm-Petrel struck in September and was caught alive. Did not specify whether the light from the lighthouse attracted the bird or not 3. North Reef lighthouse, Queensland: Reports of many bird strike the lantern in thick weather and nearly all birds were not identified due to strong wind 4. Lady Elliott's Island: Nine Mutton-birds struck at the lighthouse(four on the 14th, four on the 20th, and one on the 22nd of September) were recorded. 5. Cliffy Island: The superintendent states that many Zosterops Coerulescens struck on 17th April, and 40 dead ones were picked up at the foot of the tower next morning. Additionally, on the 21st and the 30th of April, three Artamus sordidus struck and a Graucalus melanops struck and was killed respectively.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The purpose of this report is to keep records of birds observed at the Spurn lighthouse in 1896 from January till December. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: The purpose of this report is to keep records of birds observed (where some were found to be striking the lighthouse) at Spurn lighthouse in 1896. The record starts from January till December and it provides the date, the identification of the dead bird, wind direction, and weather report. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: The records of dead birds reported from January till the end of December in 1896 are on page 245-247. The are too many reports to write out but here are some commonalities: Weather during mortality events are usually overcast and/or foggy. Birds found striking the lantern or the tower windows. Slight wind recorded in most of these reports. Mortality events are usually past midnight. Starlings were the most common bird to strike the lantern or other parts of the lighthouse


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The purpose of the article was to summarize the reports made by the two light house keepers of the St. Catherines Lighthouse between 1905 and 1908. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Records consisted of opportunistically reported moralities from the St. Catherines Lighthouse. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: Mass mortality events described for  Whitethroat, Willow Warbler, Starling, and Skylark.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The purpose of the article was to report on the number of Grasshopper-warblers reported at the Tuskar Lighthouse and to prove that they are more prevalent than previously thought. The author alludes the skulking behavior of the bird as the reason for why it is so difficult to detect. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: The author describes many sepcies aggregating around the lighthouse, not just Grasshopper Warblers. The birds were described as fluttering around the lighthouse with a few instances of smaller birds getting blown into the glass by the wind. He describes the flight behaviour of Grasshopper Warblers in detail and describes the weather on 4 nights when grasshopper warblers were trapped. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: There were no mass mortality events described, largest mortality events described only included a few birds. The majority of the reports were of birds fluttering around the lantern or passing by the balcony.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: It was a report on a mass aggregation and mortality event to demonstrate how potentially dangerous lighthouses an be for migrating birds. At the end of the report the author prompts the R.S.P.B. to take more measures to prevent bird casualties at lighthouses DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: This article only describes one particular night of mass mortality and aggregation of birds, recorded opportunistically by a lighthouse visitor. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: Only one event on the night of October 10th (year not specified, likely either 1960 or 1959). Number involved in aggregation unknown, but author describes gathering approximately 400 dead birds and releasing 412 birds that had been injured in this incident.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The purpose of the report is to study why there were so few Robins recorded during Mr. Patten's 124 day residence at the Tuskar Light Station. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: The reports for this article were opportunistically recorded birds that flew near the lighthouse lantern. The records were taken from both the spring and fall, with birds being observed slowly flying up to the glass where they were captured by hand for examination. The author does make note of some instances were birds collided with the lantern, but none of them were from the Robin for which he was studying. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: The only mention of a mass mortality event is from a flock of 70 Blackbirds found dead on the balcony of the lantern.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The purpose of this report is the observation of birds at the Spurn Lighthouse in 1897 and part of 1898. Some of these birds were found to be striking the lighthouse and found dead at the base of the tower. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Each record consists of date, Bird identification, the wind, and the weather observations during the events. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: The are many aggregation and mortaltiy events described (page 345-347). Here are some commonalities with the events: The weather conditions during mortality events were dark and overcast. Slight wind in some of the morality events but not significant. Various species of birds either in large flocks or in small groups were found striking the lantern or found dead at the base of the lighthouse.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The main purpose of this book is to keep records of events in literature form from the Bell Rock Light house, off the coast of Angus, Scotland (from April 1901 to April 1904). DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: They started their observation in April 1901 up until April 1904. Most of their observations involve bird migration and weather forecasts. There are two bird mortality/aggregation events briefly described in the text (one in October 1901 and another in October 1902).  DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: First event in October 1901: During hazy moonless night with rain/wind E, various members of birds are airborne during autumn migration flight. Many of these birds such as red wings, fieldfares, blackbirds, larks, starlings, wheaters, finches, and tits were observed to fly straight for the light, hitting against the the heavy plate glass of the lantern. Some ducks have also have gone clean through the lantern, bringing the machinery to a complete shutdown. Second event in October 1902: Compared to events in 1901, the observer noted that there is a substantial decrease in the number of arrivals probably due to the increasing number of lights on coast accounts that are more attractive to the birds. Again, many of these birds were identified dead or in 'fagged condition' by striking the lantern. Fieldfares, blackbirds, and redwings were the most common to be found, whereas some were more noteworthy captures such as, peregrine falcon, large horned owl, small brown owl, kestrels, sparrow hawks, crows, cormorants, corn-crakes, and turtle doves. They didn't specify the weather conditions or the exact time but some birds were found during 'foggy conditions'.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The main purpose of this report is the records of a mass mortaltiy event  at the Casquets lighthouse on the morning of May 13th, 1902. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: The report is a short account of the author's visit to the Casquets Lighthouse on Tuesday, May 13th, on the morning which a large number of Red-breasted flycatcher (Muscicapa parva in text, now called Ficedula parva) were found dead by the base of the lighthouse tower by striking the lantern. They recorded 200-300 small birds that were either in skeletal form or 'fresh' form. The author also reports that the lighthouse keeper saw Doves passing the lighthouse but very few of them had struck the lantern. The weather during this condition was fairly clear with light haze at times. The wind during this conditions was mainly light E.N.E but it varied during the night they said.  DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: Only one event was described. The mass mortality event happened on May 13th, 1902 where the author found nearly 200-300 dead small birds and a couple of Doves. The author identifies the birds as Red-breasted Flycatchers, but the editor notes that based on the lighthouse's location, they were probably Robins. All the birds that have been recorded dead were found at the base of the lighthouse due to striking the lantern. Overall, the article reports in general terms that morality aggregation events occur.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The purpose of the report was to fill in missing information on bird migration across the North Sea as observed from the Dudgeon Light-vessel. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS:  DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: There were two events of mass aggregation described, one from the night of October 14th and one from the 15th. The event on the 14th described large numbers of Meadow Pipits and Skylarks congregating around the ship. The event on the 15th describes Starlings and Skylarks congregating in the thousands around the ship.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: It is meant to explore ". . . the history of the protection of birds at lighthouses, to give some idea of the present position, and to suggest courses of investigation and action." DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: The article reports on the results of a survey sent to 84 lighthouses and vessels. The author compares the lighthouse attributes and identifies attributes and conditions that are associated with bird mortality. He emphasizes floodlights illuminating the lighthouse tower as a mitigation measure. He compares mortalities at lighthouses with and without floodlights, and compares mortalities at St. Catherine's lighthouse before and after floodlights were installed. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: Article reports in general terms that mortality aggregation events occur, gives results of survey on paragraph 2 of page 96.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The report documents birds killed at the lighthouse. Changes in the lighthouse were also reported (described under "New Developments at the Light") DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Opportunistic reporting of all birds killed by the lighthouse that year given by species on a table on page 49. Changes in the light and lighthouse that could potentially effect birds listed on page 47. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: On the night of April 22/23, 30 birds were "taken" and one was killed. Other events not described, only reported in general terms that they occur.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The main purpose of this report is to record the 317 birds that fell at the Danish light vessel "E.R." in the North Sea, 70 miles West of Jutland. The authors recorded the cause of death for all birds found DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: During 1953, 317 birds fell at the Danish light vessel "E.R." in the North Sea (70 miles West of Jutland). 139 of these birds were said to die from fatigue whereas the other 178 birds had no cause of death recorded in the description. Some birds (that are not included in the 317 count) fell into the sea. For this report they focused primarily on the deaths of 28 Starlings on 23-24 of March and 4-5 of April.  DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: They concluded that the cause of death was exhaustion from lack of food reserves and breakdown of cell proteins aided by diarrhoea from drinking excessive amounts of salt water from the deck of the lighthouse. There were no reported bird mortalities from striking the lantern or any other part of the vessel. They only reported bird death from either extreme fatigue or from drinking salt water


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: It was to track the migration of bird species using observations from various lighthouses and light vessels. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS:  They were opportunistic observations of mortality/aggregation events by the lighthouse keepers. There were also systematic observations on the movement of migratory birds as seen from lighthouses by lighthouse keepers. A total of 103 lighthouses participated in this study. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: Two specific aggregation/mortality events mentioned in article. In October of 1877 at the Skerryvore lighthouse, over 600 birds died, most of which were common thrushes and the ring-ousel. 
On October 7 from 11 pm to 3 am at the Casquets (a light vessel off the coast of Alderney) there was a mass aggregation event where land-rails, water-rails, woodcocks, ring-ousels song-thrushes and swallows were seen. A hundred swallows and a few birds of other species were killed. Larger birds also seen following the light at Casquets but staying clear of the glass.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The purpose of the report was to report the mortality of Cassin's Auklets at a lighthouse and report on the sex of the birds, 11 of which were female. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: 11 Cassin’s Auklets (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) were salvaged by a light keeper after striking a lighthouse on Pine Island, British Columbia at the entrance to Queen Charlotte Strait in April 1976 (3 birds), May 1976 (2 birds), and April 1977 (6 birds). The specimens were sent to the British Columbia Provincial Museum (now Royal British Columbia Museum) in Victoria, British Columbia. There the birds were each analyzed and measured.  The authors also mention other species that struck the light during the same time period. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: The 11 Cassin's Auklets were collected over the course of 3 events in April 1976 (3 birds), May 1976 (2 birds), and April 1977 (6 birds). 10 of them were female and 1 male. During 1975 and 1976, other species striking the light included Rhinoceros Auklets and Leach's Storm-Petrels


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The report was an observation of the bird behaviour around the lantern. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: On the nights of 18/19 and 19/20 April 1966, Taverner observed passerine migrants as they were singing and circling about 20 feet away from the lantern.  DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: The circling events were observed on the nights of 18/19 and 19/20 April 1966. On the nights of 18/19 and 19/20 April 1966, passerines were observed circling around the lighthouse and vocalizing. According to Derek Goodwin and K.E.L Simmons birds tend to sing in uncomfortable and stressful situations and in situations where they are in close proximity with other birds (making them aggressive). They also found that the frequency of the singing also increased throughout the night. The results were compared to a similar occurrence on 5th May 1956 where 200-300 swallows (Hirundo mustica)  and Sands Martins (Riparia riparia) circling around a lighthouse (found in the Portland logs).


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The overall purpose of the study was to report the casualties and to survey the affects of these lights on bird populations. (As reported by Stokes, the casualties were too few to be having a significant impact on the populations). DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: "In 1975-76, through the Department of Transport, the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service received quarterly returns of bird casualties at Australian lightstations as part of a survey of the effect of such lights on bird populations." Bird species were identified by resident light-keepers and a table was arranged with the species and the number of each found in each month of 1975-1976. There was only one lighthouse (Booby Island) reported in this study. The time if the year when specific species were found are noted in Table 1.  DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: The survey persisted through 1975-1976. The article reports that in general over the two years, 790 individuals of 54 species and 11 unidentified individuals were reported.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: To better understand the timing and species composition of bird migration and the conditions associated with aggregation and mortality events at lighthouses DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Lighthouse keepers were asked to record bird observations (including both live and dead birds) and send deceased specimens. Data sheets included date, number and species of birds, hour, force and direction of wind, direction of birds, weather (clear or fog, rain, or snow etc.), and number of birds striking glass of lantern. Lighthouse keepers did not disclose their observation schedule, and many observations were likely opportunistic. Records appear to primarily refer to Spring and Autumn migration. In the book, Barrington summarizes the records from 1881-1897. For each species, Barrington summarizes the number of observations, dates and first and last observations, and the number of recoveries each year (p 1-262). Barrington also analyses patterns in the observations (p 263 - 285). At the end of the book, annual reports for each individual year (1888 - 1987) are published. These reports are organized by species, noting observations and mortality events for each species in that year. In this map, we include only information gathered from Barrington's analysis of the reports (p 263 - 285). DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: To the best of our knowledge, there is no table in the book that includes all of the mass mortality events. Barrington remarks on several patterns in the mass mortality events, including more collisions during moonless nights, more collisions during autumn than spring, and more birds striking when flying landwards than seawards. He notes that "it is well known that fixed lights are more fatal than revolving or intermittent ones, and white light is believed to be more destructive than red" (p 265).


StudyName:
Irish Light-Stations 1925 - 1930 and 1944 - 1953

StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: To study the timing and species of bird migration and document bird mortalities DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Lighthouse keepers reported observations of birds at Irish light-stations, which were compiled into annual reports. Lighthouse keepers were asked to record bird observations and send deceased specimens. Data sheets included date, number and species of birds, hour, force and direction of wind, direction of birds, weather (clear or fog, rain, or snow etc.), and number of birds striking glass of lantern. Annual reports exist for the years 1925-1930 and 1943-1953, published in The Irish Naturalists' Journal. These reports summarize birds observed and carcasses recovered by lighthouse keepers, including notable species and records of nights when a remarkable number of migrants were observed or found deceased around lighthouses. Many of the reports comment on weather associated with "rushes" or migrants around the lighthouses. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: In each annual report, the author describes "great bird rushes" when birds aggregate and strike, and the weather events and lunar phase associated with these rushes.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: Observe migration patterns.  DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Patten investigated the Wrens that  struck the lanterns on the east coast of Ireland, over the course of several nights and investigated further into the individuals. The author remained on the balcony all night to observe the birds and recorded any wrens approaching or striking the lantern. On these nights "the birds comes along very quietly, makes little, almost no noise at the glass, and straight away settles down to rest in a recess or on a sash of the window pane." "Wrens which appeared at the lantern came flying almost perpendicularly Up from below, ascending to the glass through the spaces between the balcony railings." The researcher also stated  that he "was much interested watching large numbers of Wrens as they crept in and out among the rock crevices during the daytime of April 14th and 15th, and in small numbers on April 16th" of which he collected 6.  DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: Before the author made his observations, there was a record of a solitary example of a Wren as having been taken at the Tuskar, Co. Wexford, the date being October 16th, 1888, and only four examples altogether as having struck the lanterns on the east coast of Ireland, the remaining three being from the Maidens, Co. Antrim. Of these one was obtained on November 19th, 1898, one on May 8th, 1890, and the third on May 12th, 1899. Patten then went on to captured 4 grounded birds on the night of 13th April and 3 on 14th April by the lanterns.  On October 4th he had obtained 2 Wrens from the Tuscan rock. In total he obtained twelve specimens, and saw large numbers on certain occasions during eight weeks' residence at the Tuskar and noted that this is an area of significant Wren migration.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: Overall purpose of the study was to observe bird migration in the British Isles during the spring and fall migrations. The migration was observed from the top of a lightship ( Kentish Knock lightship)  that happened to lie near the centre of the migratory stream that the researcher wanted to investigate.   DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: In an effort to observe and study bird migration in the British Isles during the fall migration, Clarke stationed himself atop a lightship (Kentish Knock) that happened to lie near the centre of the migratory stream that the he wanted to investigate in Autumn 1903. His goal was to study the various movements of the birds and the conditions under which they were performed free from the light from other shore light stations and other such distractions. He noted that the character of the light on the ship was  especially likely to attract night migrants. Clarke reported to have measured a variety of different bird behaviours such as circling behaviour around the light, numerous bird aggregation events (especially under "bad" weather conditions) throughout his time on the Kentish Knock. All of these observations were detailed in the article with the exact time that he observed the events occurring along with the specific birds that were effected.  DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: The observations were made in fall 1903. Specific dates are listed in the article along with the specific observations made on each date.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: They were observing the night migrations of these species.  DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Reports on bird specimens collected from two lighthouses: one on Cay Lobos from August 1900 - May 1901 (12 months), and another on Cape Sal covering spring migration of 1901 and autumn and winter movements of 1901-1902. Data were also collected from "The Bird Rock" from 9-19 Sept 1901. Reports on specimens collected and observations of birds that were observed flying. It is unclear if all speciments were the result of collisions with the lighthouse, or if some were shot or trapped. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: 40 species were observed. For each species, the article lists the nights that specimens were collected.There are several events that are described for each location and species- all of which are listed in the article. In these the author lists the date, species, weather, and side of the light that the bird struck on.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The main purpose of the report is to track migration and report on bird strikes. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: The dataset contains occurrence records and notes on bird species that struck a lighthouse extracted from "Birds at Danish Lighthouses 1883-1929." The volumes of this book were digitized into PDF files, and relevant data was extracted and compiled into a database. During 1993-1939, there were 45 lighthouses and lightships functioning in Denmark. The database contains occurence and bird-strike records from nocturnal migration at two of these lighthouses: Lodbjerg Fyr (742 records) and Hanstholm Fyr (470 records). While the abstract says that the database contains bird strike records, we could not find these records in the .rtf version of the database. It is not clear if the data at these lighthouses were collected systematically or opportunistically.  DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: They do not describe any mass mortality events


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: To describe bird attraction, trapping, and mortality DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: For the years 2011-2014, the Bardsey Bird and Field Observatory Report contains a section titled "Lighthouse Attractions." Attractions, trappings, and collisions were recorded every night by an Assistant Warden stationed at the Lighthouse in 2011-2014. It is not clear whether the warden was stationed at the lighthouse in previous years. The articles record the number of attraction events, the total number of birds, and the total number of species in Table 1. Table 1 in the report for 2014 includes these numbers for each year between 2005-2014, showing the trends in the number of attractions. In May 2014, they removed the revolving white light from the Lighthouse and replaced it with a white LED until October, when it was replaced by a new red LED. Nearly all collisions that occurred in 2014 occurred before the switch to the red LED was made. The Lighthouse Attraction section is not included in the observatory's annual report in subsequent years, which likely indicates that birds were no longer aggregating around and colliding with the lighthouse in large numbers. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: For the largest mass aggregation events, the annual reports list the cloud cover (in Octas), wind speed and direction (using the Beaufort Scale), and visibility (based on whether or not a distant mountain, peninsula, or lighthouse could be seen), and lunar phase. For each of these events, a table shows the number of each species attracted, trapped, and killed.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: Collection of wings from the Red Sea Lighthouse Service DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Wings of any birds which have struck the lights during migration were collected and recorded by the Red Sea Light-house Service at four different locations: Sanyanel Light, Daedalus Light, The Brothers Light, and Shawn Light. The records of species of birds and the total count of them at each location can be found on page 282-283, separated into four sections. The author didn't provide any details of the mortality events that took place at each of the lighthouse. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: Article reports in general terms that mortality aggregation events occur. The collective list of recorded birds are separated by where they were found (four different lighthouses), which can be found on page 282-283. Sanyanel Light recorded the highest count in bird mortality and the number of species, whereas Hirundo Rustica (Barn Swallow) was the only species found and had the lowest mortality rate at the Shawn Light.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: Examination of a rare species of Skylark DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: The purpose of this report is the examination and identification of a strange species of Skylark that had been procured at the Tuskar Light-Station. In October 1911, the professor went out to the roof of the dwelling house of the lighthouse to find two of these dead Skylarks. Proposition was made for the mortality cause to be striking of the lantern glass during "adverse" weather conditions, at the same time where a great number of dead birds of other species were present, such as, Blackbirds, Song-Thrushes, Starlings, Wheaters, Gold-crests, Redstarts. The professor picked up 39 specimens in total for further examination. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: The birds were gathered round the lantern, forming a fraternity, as some outright killed themselves by either striking the glass, the balcony rails, or other parts of the frameworks. Larks were numerous in death count, and considerable amount in all other species listed above except for Wheaters. Although many Wheaters were present during the incident, very few came into actual contact with the glass by the allure of the light, as most disappeared. The professor only picked one Wheater up out of the 39 specimens found.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: Collection of responses from 45 lighthouse keepers situated along the Atlantic coast regarding destruction of bird life at their individual lighthouses.  DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: The purpose of this article is for the collection of responses from light house keepers situated along the Atlantic coast regarding destruction of bird life at their individual lighthouses. 453 questionnaires were sent and 197 were retuned, 45 of which reported birds found dead. The classified species of birds found dead are listed on the first page. It has been observed that most of the fatalities occur on rainy or foggy nights. The cause of these fatalities mostly come from striking the lighthouse framework or the lantern itself. From page 2-8 consists of reports from each of the 45 lighthouse keepers on mortality/aggregation events that took place. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: Each of the 45 incident reports are composed of a lighthouse description, weather conditions during mortality event, and the cause of fatality. Classification of bird species are also included in a few reports. For most of the reports, mortality and bird flight behaviour are in general terms. All of these reports are on page 2-8.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: This purpose of this report is for compiling published notes on the periodical movements of birds and related phenomena in northern Denmark. The author states the the records are strictly limited to 1885, but the lighthouse keepers' reports also note bird aggregations and mortalities on other years. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Birds recorded opportunistically by lighthouse keepers are also reported in this article for the purpose of observations of bird related phenomena in Northern Denmark, strictly limited to 1885. All 107 species are recorded during this year (list on page 552/553) and some were found from bird aggregation near lighthouses. From page 553-593, you can find the location of the birds where they were spotted. From page 594-599, are listed the bird aggregation/mortality events at various lighthouses across northern Denmark. There are 63 reports from 6 different lights, each report coming from a lighthouse keeper on any event that led to eventual death/disabling/striking of birds. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: There are 63 incidents that have been described by different lighthouse keepers. Each report varies for their amount of information concerning mortality events. Some reports only consists of the number of birds that were found dead, whereas some contained a much more descriptive analysis of these events, for they have included such things as, flight patterns, classification of birds, time of the event, and lighthouse description. It is often mentioned in these reports that many birds strike without disabling or dying, and many of them were young birds. The reports also show that lights in small exposed points of land that is some distance from shore, attract more birds. On the contrary, in more or less land locked situations, nearly no birds strike. The height of the lantern does not seem to affect bird mortality in this case


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The main purpose of this report is the collection of observational reports from lighthouse keepers. Birds killed on striking the lights were sent to the Zoological Museum of Kjobenhavn. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Bird reports come from opportunistic observations by lighthouse keepers, beginning on May 1st, 1886. The report consists of three main sections: List of lighthouse and the designated keepers of them, general reports on bird sighting separated by date and location, and bird fatalities at lighthouses. For the section where mortality events are recorded, each report varies in the amount of detail where most recorded only the number of deaths and very few recorded flight patterns, bird classification, and lighthouse description. They tallied up these responses from 24 lighthouse stations, receiving 469 specimens of 37 species. Various notes from the light stations start from page 417. "Diary of Birds coming to the Lights" begins on p. 423. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: 24 stations out of the 67 reported observing some form of aggregation/mortality amongst birds which are listed from page 417. Most reports include time, weather conditions, flight patterns, and the occasional classification of birds. Almost all reports stated decrease in mortality rate due to the exceptionally continuous snow lasting about March 20th and the great delaying of the arrival of the earliest migrants.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The main purpose of the report was to compile a report on the migration of birds as observed from light stations in East and West Scotland and East England. The lighthouse keepers document birds on migration and birds that aggregate around or strike the lighthouse. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: The paper contains the observed bird migration reports from lighthouses in the east coast of Scotland (from 13 lighthouses), the east coast of England (from 25 lighthouses), and the west coast of Scotland (24 lighthouses). For each of these areas, the author summarizes reports for each species (p. 162-169, p. 173-185, and p. 190 - 202) and describes general trends of birds observed on migration and circling or colliding with the lighthoues (p. 169-172, p. 185-188, p. 202-204). All of the lighthouses are listed along with a description of their flashing patterns (fixed, flashing, or rotating), color (white or red), and flashing or revolving rate (p. 161-162, p. 172 - 173, p. 189). DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: The light aggregation events are noted for many species in these species reports as well as for all species in the general trends. This information is detailed and often included the wind direction along with the weather and artificial light conditions at the time of each aggregation event. It was also noted the types of light at the lighthouses (blinking vs. continuous, colours, period of rotation, etc). The author also reports the specific times when the birds were found (grounded or dead). On the east coast of Scotland, the other reports on an aggregation even on the 2nd of March at Bell Rock ligthouse and notes that almost all records of birds caught, killed, or striking lanterns occured on cloudy nights with fog on precipitation. On the east coast of England, the author notes that migrants will crowd and circle the lanterns of lightships until the clouds break or the sunrises, or they collide with the lantern and fall into the sea. On the west coast of Scotland, a mortality vent was observed from the 1-6th of October, and the observer estimated that about 1000 birds gathere around the light each night, and the total number killed was about 600.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The purpose of this report is to estimate weight loss during migratory flight for 10 species of passerine birds captured at Long Point lighthouse. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: Birds captured or found dead at the Long Point Lighthouse were weighed for the purpose of estimating weight loss over the course of the night (not for the purpose of recording aggregation events). The samples were obtained on various nights from 1965 to 1972. Live birds were picked up from the window ledges and gallery of the lighthouse as they arrived. Birds killed when they struck the lighthouse provided additional specimens, which were picked up from where they fell. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: There was very little specification with any form of mortality events. They briefly mentioned about including dead birds into their recorded specimens for weight estimations. They stated that, "Birds killed when they struck the lighthouse provided additional specimens, which were picked up when they fell or at recorded intervals during the night". Article reports in general terms that mortality aggregation events occur.

DescriptionOfReplicates:
Birds were captured as they arrived or picked up as they were killed. Somestimes birds were collected live or picked up at regular intervals, usually less than 1 hour, so the arrival time could be approximated. Samples of birds were obtained on various nights from 1965 to 1972. Species-nights with fewer than 10 birds and those taken with a 2-hour window or less were excluded from analysis. Species with fewer than 50 birds collected in all nights combined were excluded. After these excludsions, they were able to analyze weight loss for 11 species. The number of sample nights for each species is given in Table 2.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The Calf of Man observatory is a location where ornithological work is carried out. They study things such as bird migration, breeding of birds etc. In the migration portion of the study the report reported on timing of various species' migration and breeding activities from March to November of 1976. DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: The researchers reported on the bird migratory patterns from March - November of 1976 at the Calf of Man observatory.  The data was presented on a month by month basis with general weather trends and with significant bird behaviours around the observatory being noted during each month. Significantly they also noted birds as "being drawn to light", like on 20th October when they recorded a selection of birds (10 Mistle Thrushes, 21 Ring Ouzels, 50 Blackbirds, 125 Song Thrushes, 250 Redwings, some Goldcrests) "attracted to the lighthouse's light" overnight.  DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: In most of the records, they list the number of each species passing but do not indicate that they were aggregating around or colliding with the light, only that they were passing. On October 20th, Redwings and Song thrushes were "attracted to the lighthouse in good numbers during the night. Goldcrests too were recorded at the light (169)." On October 28th, "There was a large Lighthouse attraction of Thrushes overnight,... including 760 Song Thrushes, c. 1,000 Redwings, and 10 Ring Ouzels." Other aggregation events may have been recorded in the 126-page document, but we did not find them when skimming it.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The main purpose of the article is to report in wildlife and other aspects of the lighthouse, including bird mortalities. The Introduction focuses almost entirely on bird aggregation and mortality DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: The records were opportunistically recorded by the lighthouse keeper throughout his time spent at the Smalls Lighthouse off the Pembrokeshire coast. The author only describes records from spring migration. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: The author describes one event at the beginning of the book detailing a night with 20 to 30 small warblers and chats colliding with the lighthouse. Most of the deceased birds were sedge warblers, with a single spotted flycatcher and grasshopper warbler. Additionally, there were 3 live Manx's shearwaters collected by the keeper which were later ringed and released.


StudySummary:
The authors modeled colony-site selection by Yelkouan Shearwaters by comparing colonity to non-colony sites (PA model). Among colony sites, they also compared cavity density (CD), breeding pair density (BD), and proportion of available cavities used for breeding (BO). They determined if the birds selected colony sites or cavities with protection from light pollition by using orientation as a proxy for light pollution. Because the light-polluted mainland was North of the islands, the South-facing colonies were considered protected from light pollution.

DescriptionOfReplicates:
They selected 40 sampling plots (10m x 10m quadrates) within known colonies and 80 randomly selected noncolony sites (10 x 10-m quadrats). They noted various habitat characteristics and the measured the orientation of the colonies (it is somewhat unclear how they measured the orientation).


StudySummary:
The authors sought to determine if lights from a football club and tennis courts affected abundance of nocturnal birds. They conducted spotlight surveys along transects during three light treatments: lights-on, 20 minutes after lights were turned off (on the same night), and nights when lights had not been used at all.

DescriptionOfReplicates:
Three transects, each 300 meters long, were located along the edge of the illuminated area. They surveyed each transect five times for each light treatments (lights on, 20 minutes after lights turned off, and nights when lights had not been used at all), using spotlights to locate and count birds.


StudySummary:
Reports of annual irruptions of quail and button-quail were recorded to observe the phenomenon. Birds "caught using a hand held net and torch" or by hand roughly around 2200hr and 2400hr. Birds were weighed, measured, sexed and potentially photographed before release.

DescriptionOfReplicates:
Duration of 8 years (1990-98), 200 birds caught, 6 different species, no data for 1993. For each year there were only a couple months, which varied, where data was recorded.


StudySummary:
The researcher wanted to determine if using coloured rejection filters (spectral filters), can reduce attraction to artificial light. He used a fitler to remove UV and short-wavelength light, making the light appear yellow to humans and 75% dimmer from the shearwater's perspective. Control treatment of no filters took place every alternate night. Number of downed birds was recorded each night.

DescriptionOfReplicates:
The study ran from Oct 4th to Nov 12th (n=40 nights) and alternated between control (no filter) and filtered lights. 10 HID (400W and 1000W) mercury lights and 2, 300W flood lights security lights on a surf resort were filtered with spectral filters (Roscolux Filter no. 10, medium yellow and clear UV-rejection material). 2 people searched the grounds from post-sunset to 6hrs later or until 2 hrs consecutive hours without birds located.


StudySummary:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the preferences of domestic broiler chickens for biologically and commercially relevant light sources at different illuminances and at different ages. Birds were given a free-choice test with a split-plot design between eight different light environments involving four light sources (Biolux, Spectral sensitivity, Incandescent, and warm-white) and two illuminances (5 and 100 clx). Tests were performed in two radial mazes each consisting of a central arena with four attaching compartments. The position and behaviour of each individual bird was measured using instantaneous scan-sampling intervals via video-recordings.

DescriptionOfReplicates:
Birds were tested in four groups of six broilers at 1 and 6 weeks old. Each group at each of the two ages was given a two-day acclimation period at each illuminance level (5 and 100clx) followed by a three-day testing period. Birds were studied for 12 hours per day, from 13:00-22:00 and 06:00-09:00. Data was collected using instantaneous scan sampling where the location and behaviour for each individual bird was recorded. The appropriate scan sampling interval was determined by comparing data using 5-, 10-, and 15-minute scan sampling intervals in a randomly selected day.


StudySummary:
DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: The records were opportunistically collected by Mr. Patten on his visit to the Tuskar Rock Lighthouse. Mr. Patten was at the lighthouse from August 1911 until September 1911 to compare the movement of migrating species with previous observations collected from the lighthouse. All records were from the one lighthouse. The observations were of birds that collided with the lantern as well as birds that were observed flying around the lantern. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: There were no mass mortality events described. The only observation of a large aggregation of birds was on August 19th when a misty evening brought in a large number of Swifts and Wheatears. MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: The main purpose of the report was to collect observations from the Tuskar Rock lighthouse to compare with prior observations. The author wanted to track the timing of fall migration along the coast of Ireland.


StudySummary:
The purpose of this study was to outline the effectiveness of nightlighting as a technique to capture pheasants, prairie chickens, bobwhites and cottontails (cottontails excluded from map). A 4-wheel drive vehicle with floodlights was used to drive around a specific area. A handheld spotlight was used to shine on birds, which were captured using net. Fields were cruised at night with floodlights, with a driver driving and controlling the flights. The driver also operated the spotlight, switching the floodlights on and the spotlight (directed at the bird) at the same time. The other individual netted the birds once the spotlight was directed appropriately and from the correct distance. The authors reported how different environmental conditions made it more challenging than others for each species.

DescriptionOfReplicates:
Pheasants: 1574 pheasants were captured in the autumn. Another 1122 pheasants were captured in the winter. This was done from 1956-1962.
Prairie Chickens: From 1962-1964, 57 birds were captured
Bobwhites: From 1963-1964 on farmland, 127 (51%) of bobwhites were captured successfully. On non-farmland from 1963-1967, 282 bobwhites (34%) were captured.


ArticleCitation:
Harriman State Park (Henrys Fork of Snake River), Idaho and the Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, Montana

StudySummary:
- The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of night-lighting as a technique to capture cranes.
- A generator powered 12-V spotlights or aircraft landing lights attached to a football helmet. Large salmon landing nets (3-3.6m handles) were used to catch the cranes. A 2 person crew was needed, where one person would light and capture, and the other would assist with handling once captured.

DescriptionOfReplicates:
- 19 adult whooping cranes out of 84 capture attempts were successfully captured (23% success rate) from 1981-1991 in Idaho, Wyoming and New Mexico. 
- 250 greater sandhill cranes were captured at the Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Idaho from 1969-1971, and continuously throughout the 1980s.
- 53 other avian species were also captured during this study.


StudySummary:
- The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of night-lighting as a technique for trumpeter swan capture, as well as to translocate captured swans to other wintering areas to increase populations in vulnerable areas.
- Either a boat (mostly), snowmobile or ATV was used to capture the birds. An aircraft landing light (250 W) attached to a helmet was used to shine a light onto the swans. Salmon landing nets were used to catch them, or this was done by hand.

DescriptionOfReplicates:
- During the winters of 1990-96, 1,117 trumpeter swans were captured using night-lighting. This happened every November and December, except in 1990 and 1991 where this occurred in January. 
- Catch/night was 15.1 swans during 71 nights from boats, and 4.7 swans during 10 nights
 from snowmobiles and ATVs.


StudySummary:
This study considered the effects of two types of avian deterrents to reduce bird abundance and nesting activity at electrical substations. Noise-makers and sodium-iodide lights were mounted on substations and data involving bird species, abundance, and nest abundance were collected for deterrents as well as control treatments.

DescriptionOfReplicates:
3 treatments (sodium-iodide lighting, electronic noisemakers, and control) were used. 10 substations each of two types were randomly selected for sodium-iodide lighting and electronic noisemakers, and 22 substations were used as controls for a total of 62 substations studied. 2 sodium-iodide lights were mounted at each of the 20 substations.


StudySummary:
- The purpose of this study was to determine an effective night-lighting technique to capture elusive Peruvian Thick-knees. 
- A car was driven over 14 nights in January and February 2009 at a slow speed (30 km/h), where birds were observed in the darkness using the car lights. Once a bird was spotted, the car was moved until they were 15 m from the bird. Then, a modified flashlight (to have a narrow beam) with 6 LED lamps was used to dazzle the birds, where an attempt to capture them with a hand-held net was executed. The engine was kept on to camouflage the approach of the researchers on foot, which occurred around a meter from the bird.

DescriptionOfReplicates:
- There were 24 observations of the birds, 4 of which were captured. The average success rate was 0.29 birds/session, our of 0.64 attempts/session. Birds were exclusively found and captured alone.


StudySummary:
- The purpose of this study is to outline an approach to capturing ancient murrelets using a night-lighting approach.
- The equipment used is one power unit (six volts), two hand flashlights (three volts each), a small hand net and several burlap sacks. The authors searched for burrows along the slopes of Langara Island, BC. Researchers waited for ancient murrelets, which were flying around in the sky, to land on the ground nearby. Once a bird landed nearby, one person would "blind" the bird with the spotlight and another would net and place the murrelet into a sack for banding. This occurred from around 10PM - 12AM.

DescriptionOfReplicates:
- In two hours of operations, 30 murrelets were captured, and another 50 were spotted but missed. So in total, 30/80 spotted murrelets were captured, yielding a 37.5% success rate. This occurred from May 1 - May 3, 1966.


StudySummary:
The authors harassed Double-Crested Cormorants in an attempt to imporve Atlantic Salmon smolt survival. They user various non-lethal harrassment techniques to dispace cormorants from feeding locations, including human approach, throwing rocks, using slingshots, lasers, and pyrotechnics. They considered all techniques to be equally effective and grouped them together for analysis. They monitored cormorant abundance during harassment and control periods using time-lapse photography, comparing abundance on days with harassment to abundance on days without harassment. The also plotted the date and time of each unsuccessful smolt movemeng event and overlaid a plot of the timing of harassment to see if smolt movement was more successful during cormorant harassment periods.

DescriptionOfReplicates:
The researchers cunducted daily patrols of the study area. Every time cormorants were observed, they recorded the date, time, location, and number of cormorants. They then harassed the cormorants for 30 seconds or less, and cormorants were observed leaving the site at the completion of harassment. In 2004, there were a total of 334 daylight hours, in which 108 hours of harassment were conducted. 679 harassment events displaced 8132 cormorants. In 2005, there were a total of 274 daylight hours in the study period, in which 104 hours of harassment took place. 1054 harassment events displacd 9303 cormorants.


StudySummary:
MAIN PURPOSE OF REPORT: To describe three mass mortality events; DESCRIPTION OF RECORDS: They describe each event and provide a table showing the species killed in each event. DESCRIPTION OF MASS MORTALITY EVENTS: On September 9, 1929, the lighthouse keeper picked up over 600 birds. There was another event on September 10 resulting in the death or injury of at least 171 birds, and another on September 25 involving 250 birds. The lighthouse keeper said that birds were often killed, but not in such great numbers.


# tblB_CONTEXT

SiteArea:
Richmond River Estuary in New South Wales

CloudCover_Description:
Cloud cover recorded as percentage of sky covered. They assessed nocturnal visibility as good, moderate, or poor, depending on how well the could see the quadrat markers.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather data was recorded at hourly intervals during each observation period, including air temperature, substratum tempearture, wind direction, wind speed (on subjective scale from 1-4), cloud cover (percentage of sky covered), and rainfall (present/absent). They assessed nocturnal visibility as good, moderate, or poor, depending on how well the could see the quadrat markers. Data were recorded during four lunar phases (new, full, first quarter, and last quarter moons)


SiteArea:
On a lawn of a rural residence 10 km outside of Ithaka, NY

StudyDurationDescribed:
5 nights from October 8th to October 14, 2005

CloudCover_Description:
100% cloud cover all nights, cloud height at or below site elevation so birds were always flying in cloud

WindDirection:
North to Northeast (favorable for migration)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
A cold front had advanced slowly eastward during the first week of October, slowing bird migration because there were no northerly winds to facilitate migration. After the front passed the study site on October 8th, the winds became Northerly and favorable for migration. Study was conducted during the period of favorable winds.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Volunteers recorded weather information, not reported in manuscript


SiteArea:
Edmonton, Alberta, residential yards with bird feeders

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Included the following weather variables in analysis: daily min and max temperatures, precipitation, maximum wind speed


SiteArea:
Northstar Island, Alaska - an artificial oil production island

StudyDurationDescribed:
14 days, 13 - 27 Sept 2002 - gas flare on one night (Sept 24)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Quarter moon on 13th sept, full moon on 20th sept, third quarter on 20th September. "The visibility of the moon appeared to have little effect on the behaviour of birds." There was only one gas-flaring event, and during that night there was a full moon that was visible from the periods 2230-2330 and 0100-0330, otherwise it was below the horizon or obscured by clouds.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Lasers applied for 3 nights (27 Feb - 29 Feb); birds monitored for ~ 2 months (13 February - 5 Apr 2004)


LatLongNotes:
Based on the description of the tower location in the text (3 km West of Lamoure, SD), we located the tower in Google Maps satellite view

SiteArea:
US Coast Guard Omega Navigation Station in James River Valley, North Dakota

CloudCover_Description:
Varied from clear (less than 10%) to partly cloudy (10% - 90%) to overcast (>90%)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Wind speed and direction recorded using a hand-held anemometer and a weather vane.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Incidental collection of grounded fledglings from March 7th to April 23rd in 2006-2008, 2012-2016. Systematic surveys in 2016. Most analysis from 2014-2016 data.

CloudCover_Description:
The MetService data had visibility (m) and were used quantitatively. The public logs from 2015 and 2016 included clear, overcast, and haze/fog

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Moon phase data were retrieved from https://www.etime.zone/moon-calendar-New_Zealand-2016_03.html. Weather condition data from the Meteorological Service of New Zealand Ltd (MetService) archives were used for statistical analyses.  The public logs recording weather conditions at the time of bird recovery were used for qualitative assessment. MetService data included rainfall (mm/h), wind speed (km/h), and visibility (m) per night. For the 2015 and 2016 seasons, weather recording were assigned to the following categories: clear, overcast+dry, overcast+wet, and haze/fog. Weather data from 2014 was only available as summarized data and therefore excluded from the comparative analysis.


AdditionalLatitudes:
Campo de Calatrava: 38.841094; Aranjuez: 40.017163; Bardenas Reales Natural Park: 42.184105

AdditionalLongitudes:
Campo de Calatrava: -3.824907; Aranjuez:  -3.608127; Bardenas Reales Natural Park: -1.531982

SiteArea:
Campo de Calatrava and Carrión de Calatrava in Ciudad Real province, Aranjuez in Madrid province, and Bardenas Reales Natural Park in Navarra

CloudCover_Description:
Did not trap in bad weather conditions (rain, mist, strong winds) or when moon was obscured by clouds. Otherwise, no cloud cover/visibility information given.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Did not trap in bad weather conditions (rain, mist, strong winds). Average windspeed recorded in km/hr. Moonlight was coded as 0 (new moon +/- 3 days or moon absent or hidden by clouds), 1 (half moon phase +- 3 days), or 2 (full moon phase +- 3 days). Tested the effects of moonlight, season, and wind speed on capture success using binomial regression.


CloudCover_Description:
"Calm and overcast nights were best for spotlighting; trapping on clear nights with a full moon was much less successful."

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Do not report weather or moon data, but state that "Calm and overcast nights were best for spotlighting; trapping on clear nights with a full moon was much less successful. Precipitation, especially rain, decreased visibility and detectability of the grouse, hindering trapping efforts. However, during periods of light snowfall, grouse were reluctant to fly and could easily be captured."


AdditionalLatitudes:
Iron County (46.2855), Vilas County (45.9788), Price County (45.7512)

AdditionalLongitudes:
Iron County (-90.2348), Vilas County (-89.4559), Price County (-90.4622)

SiteArea:
Iron, Vilas, and Price Counties, Northern Wisconsin

StudyDurationDescribed:
13th May - 22nd June in 2005 & 2006. Exclude 2007-2008 as it's not for the spotlighting study.


WindDirection:
0-360 degrees (0 for north, 180 for south)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Wind direction and speed were measured at a nearby meteorological station. Lunar phase was described by the fraction of the moon disk illuminated.


StudyDurationDescribed:
January 1989 to October 1992 for 98 days in total of observation.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Authors describe how wind, rain, and the brightness of the moon could influence observation rate, but not bird behavioural response to light. They do not record the weather or lunar data.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
High-level winds were measured by tracking pilot balloons every 4 h.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Autumn migration in 2003 (September-November)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They categorized data into either greater or less than 50% cloud cover, and also into either less than or more than half moon.


StudyDurationDescribed:
September-March 1996/1997, September-March 2013/2014, September-March 2014/2015

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Surveys were not conducted during full moon periods (full moon +/- 4 days) to maximize calls being recorded. No weather data reported.


CloudCover_Description:
Authors note that lights were more effective during foggy, misty weather, and low cloud.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The authors do no systematically record the weather or lunar phase, but note that the lights were more effective at attracting and confusing the birds during the period of little or no moon. They were also more effective during foggy, misty weather, and low cloud.


StudyDurationDescribed:
October 1 - November 15, 1980; October 20 - November 6, 1981

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Intensity of moonlight was measured in relation to full-moonlight and plotted alongside numbers of recovered shearwaters in 1980 and in 1981.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The experiment ran through one full lunar cycle. Lunar phase throughout the experiment shown in Figure 1. No weather data provided.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
No weather or lunar information provided


SiteArea:
Multiple sawmills near Nelson and Hawke's Bay

StudyDurationDescribed:
Duration not specified for observations of gulls foraging on flying insects. Gulls foraging on beetles on the ground were observed during February 2014 and February 2015.


Precipitation:
Observations on rainy days were not included in study analysis.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
No weather or lunar data provided. Did not conduct surveys on rainy days.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
No weather or lunar description provided


SiteArea:
University of Michigan Biological Station

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
There was no moonlight, moon had set at 10:40 PM, long before observation occurred at 3:00 AM. Weather was not described.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Dec 3rd (mortality event) and Dec 13-14 (carcasses collected), 2010

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather on the night of the mortality event was described as follows: "rapid drop in the ambient air temperature from 7C  to -5C(45 F to 23 F) in 12 hr, with a concurrent increase
in relative humidity from 48% to 99%. Those conditions were conducive to the formation of ice or freezing fog"


SiteArea:
Residential neighborhood near Bergen, Norway

StudyDurationDescribed:
1 hour. Data was collected over 5 months, but only one census was used for the habitat selection study.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Sampling only occurred during calm weather. No rainy or snowy days were included.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Surveys only conducted on days with no precipitation or wind


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Observations were made shortly after dusk and before moonrise.


StudyDurationDescribed:
13 October - 16 December 1993, 22 October - 10 December 1997, 11 October - 2 December 1999, 11 October - 8 December 2001 and 13 October - 6 December 2003

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They did not mention any impacts of weather or moon on spotlight capture


SiteArea:
Cedar Creek Natural History Area (Anoka & Isanti counties, SE Minnesota)


SiteArea:
Coastal areas around Southwest Greenland

StudyDurationDescribed:
2006-2009 during the winter months (Oct. 1–Mar. 31). Ship tracking information was used from the 1 hour after sunset and 1 hour before sunrise.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The bird strike incident reports included data about wind speed, wind direction, visibility, and precipitation. The article does not include details on how this information was recorded or categorized.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Mortality event occurred on April 15th 2013, rescue operations continued for several days after

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"The downing occurred during a period of reduced visibility due to snow and fog. Snow accumulated to approximately 25mm by 6:00 hr. Between 03:00 hr and 7:00 hr, relative humidity was 100%, the average temperature was -0.9C, and the average wind speed was 27 kmph from the north."


SiteArea:
Cruise liner in the Caribbean Sea (approximately 80 km south of Miami, Florida)

StudyDurationDescribed:
45min between 0015 to 0010 EDT on September 28, 2003

Precipitation:
Rained 3hrs prior to observation period and lasted 1.5 hrs.

WindSpeed:
22 knots/hrs (generated by ship movement)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"The weather condition was overcast with air temperature approximately 23C. About 3 hrs prior to the observation period, it rained hard for about 1.5 hrs. "


AdditionalLatitudes:
Mason County: 38.7 ; Monongalia County: 39.6 ; Tucker County: 39.1

AdditionalLongitudes:
Mason County: -82.1 ; Monongalia County: -80.1 ; Tucker County: -79.6

SiteArea:
Mason, Monongalia and Tucker Counties, West Virginia

StudyDurationDescribed:
12th March - 23rd May 1980 and 5th March - 8th June 1981

CloudCover_Description:
Authors describe lower capture rates on clear nights

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They recorded these descriptions in their field notes, however this is not listed in an appendix in the paper. The writing suggests that the conditions varied on different nights. 

It was noted that on clear, full moonlit nights with a dry groundcover, there was high response rates to vocalization playback but low capture rates. On "half-moon" nights with quiet stalking conditions, there were lower response rates but higher capture rates. This suggests that overall, capture rates were higher in lower moonlit nights.


StudyDurationDescribed:
late April through mid-June 1965 and 1966, and mid-June through mid-August 1066

CloudCover_Description:
Authors note that overcast nights were better for night-lighting than clear nights

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Calm, dark, overcast nights were best for night-lighting attempts. Clear, moonlight nights were most difficult for night-lighting attempts.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
There was no specific data collection on weather and moon description, but it was stated that success was most prominent on calm, warm and overcast nights.


SiteArea:
Murray Lagoon, Cape Gantheaume Conservation Park

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Most Musk Ducks were caught on windless, moonless nights in clear water. A full moon low on the horizon also offered good opportunities for night-lighting as ducks were most active then.


LatLongNotes:
Approximate location based on winter range of Eleanora's Falcons in Madagascar. Not found in text.

StudyDurationDescribed:
three wintering periods (approx. Nov - April), 2003-2006

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
No weather data provided. The moon illumination % was recorded for each movement location.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Grounding event: Oct 6-18, 2004. Authors note that no grounding events were recorded from 2001-2003 or in the 10 days after the 2004 grounding event.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
On the night of the mortality event, no real fog was present, but moonless nights, overcast sky and raining conditions prevailed.


StudyDurationDescribed:
The incident occurred August 30, 2006, and the following days

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
authors note that there were "heavy mists" on the days when migratory bird deaths occurred


StudyDurationDescribed:
The study spanned from January 2011 to July 2013. The nets were deployed everyday in the late afternoon and retrieved the following morning.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Observer watched for over an hour the night from Sept 9-10, mortality event lasted from 12:30am- 4:30am

CloudCover_Description:
The author describes the night as "clearing" after unsettled weather. It is unclear if it was overcast.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Varying cloud ceiling heights observed throughout the event, but clear visibility, 4mph NW wind, and temperature of 67F remained steady. At 12:30 when the birds first began to fall, the ceiling was at 5000ft, lifting up to 9700ft at 4:30am when the birds stopped falling.


SiteArea:
Southwest of Lesser Slave Lake in Northwestern Alberta

Precipitation:
Rain Shower and Drizzle varying from 0.5 to 6.0mm

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Relative temperature fell in a range between 3-9°C and relative humidity was 72 and 100%. Weather records were obtained from the Alberta Forest Service Weather Office for a located 3 km northeast of the flare stack.


LatLongNotes:
Lat/Longs only given for Warner Robins Airforce Base. Other locations ranged from New York to the Southern Atlantic states.

SiteArea:
Warner Robins Air Force Base + (24 other locations)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"The sudden change in weather conditions associated with the advancing front was rather severe: increased winds, decreased temperatures, drizzle or light rains, and lowered cloud ceilings."


StudyDurationDescribed:
7 Spring and 8 Fall migration seasons from Fall 1972-1979. Daily Spring surveys between mid-April and mid-June; In fall, between the first of September and late October.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather not systematically reporting. Authors note that in Spring, "Observations have shown that bird mortalities tend to be related to low pressure systems, with migration occurring on the trailing edge of highs in advance of an oncoming cold front, with southerly wind flow. This synoptic weather pattern is often accompanied with warm front-type of precipitation, haze, low cloud ceiling, and poor visibility." In Fall, "Migration mortalities tend to be associated with the occurrence of high pressure. Increased migration of insectivorous birds usually follows a cold front passage, associated with northerly flow of air. Also in the fall, mortality occurs in association with adverse weather conditions."


CloudCover_Description:
They report that they trapped on average 6.7 ducks/hour on "dark nights" (which may mean cloudy nights?) whereas the trapped 2.15 ducks per hour on clear nights.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Operatied in a variety of weather conditions that varied from "calm, clear evenings to windy, rainy, and cloudy situations. Weather had only a "minor influence" on success of capturing flightless birds, but full-winged birds were caught more easily on cloudy nights with little or no moonlight. They report that they trapped on average 6.7 ducks/hour on "dark nights" (which may mean cloudy nights with no moon?) whereas the trapped 2.15 ducks per hour on clear nights.


SiteArea:
La Panchita and La Milena ranches in south-western Cordoba province


CloudCover_Description:
Describe how the most successful catching sessions included a "hazy" night, a "calm night with few clouds," and "clear night" - indicating no relationship between capture rate and cloud cover/visibility.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather data is not systematically reported. Two most successful catching sessions in 2014 was a "hazy night with light northwest winds" and the other one "a calm night with few clouds." Two most successful catching sessions in 2015 was "overcast with very light winds" and the other one "a clear night". Sessions with no successful captures occurred during adverse weather conditions such as strong winds and rain. Capturing was only attempted after sunset and before moonrise.


SiteArea:
Ford and McLean Counties near the Village of Sibley, Illinois

CloudCover_Description:
Fog, rain, heavy dew or frost caused pheasants to roost closer together making them easier to capture. The most efficient captures occurred on cold, cloudy nights following rain.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The authors report on how weather conditions affected the ease of capturing pheasants. Strong winds caused roosting pheasants to flush more easily making them more difficult to capture. Fog, rain, heavy dew or frost caused pheasants to roost closer together making them easier to capture. The most efficient captures occurred on cold, cloudy nights following rain. The trickiest captures occurred on bright, moonlight nights with dry vegetation


SiteArea:
Kelp Bay near the Northeastern coast of Baranof Island, Alaska

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
No weather or lunar data given for the nights when spotlighting was attempted


LatLongNotes:
Listed in article as between positions 54.83833 S -36.76833W and -54.50844 S -37.61167 W

SiteArea:
West South Georgia, 15 nautical miles by Annenkov Island

StudyDurationDescribed:
Incident occurred through out the night of January 30/31, 2004 (22:00 - 4:00). The birds were collected at dawn on January 31, 2004.

CloudCover_Description:
The night conditions were reported to be foggy with <1nm of visibility (very poor).

Precipitation:
Precipitation was reported as "persistent rain"

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"Weather was calm with sea states of 0 to 1." Poor visibility (<1nm) with fog and persistent rain.


SiteArea:
King Edward Point Jetty in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
No weather or lunar description provided for this incident


SiteArea:
Tristan da Cunha (Uninhabited islands that includes Inaccessible Island, Nightingale Island, Gough Island)

StudyDurationDescribed:
Fishing season between 2010-2013 (month not specified)


SiteArea:
a lumber yard within half a mile of Bartram's garden in Philadelphia.

StudyDurationDescribed:
March 27, observer watched from 8pm-11pm but the event continued until at least 12 am

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The fire produced very little smoke. There was mild weather and a clear night.


SiteArea:
Tenerife, The Canary Islands (off the coast of  northwest Africa)

StudyDurationDescribed:
1998-2006 (moon data was used from between Oct 25 - Nov 25)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They calculated the number of petrels collected in relation to the moon phase. Specifically they measured the relation to the moon phase between October 25 to November 25. No weather data was provided.


SiteArea:
Worthington, Minnesota and surrounding towns

StudyDurationDescribed:
The incident occurred during the night of March 13-14, 1904. The official study of the birds began in Worthington and Slayton on March 22-23.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The night-watchman in Worthington stated that on the night of the mortality event there was steadily falling snow and little wind. The residents of Slayton said that there was heavy snow and a gentle breeze from the southeast.


CloudCover_Description:
"In localized areas, we noted heavier fallout on overcast or rainy nights; however, differing weather conditions across the entire island on any given night made it difficult to assess the overall influence of weather conditions on nightly fallout"

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The author notes the heavier fallout on cloudy or rainy nights on a local scale, but also that the differing weather conditions across the island on any given night makes it difficult to assess the relationship between weather and fallout. Moonlight intensity was calculated for each night when fallout occurred, though no details are provided on how this calculation was performed.


SiteArea:
coastal communities in Eastern Newfoundland: Witless Bay, Mobile, Tors Cove, Burnt Cove, St. Michaels, Bauline East

CloudCover_Description:
Visibility was categorized as "good" or "poor" by volunteers. These categorizations were compared to hourly visibility data obtained from Environment Canada's National Climate Data and Information Archive.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Data took into consideration visibility and fraction of moon illuminated. Visibility was categorized as "good" or "poor" by volunteers. These categorizations were compared to hourly visibility data obtained from Environment Canada's National Climate Data and Information Archive.


StudyDurationDescribed:
May 27, 2015, started at 23:30 and lasted 27 minutes

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"unusually foggy", no other detail specified


StudyDurationDescribed:
September 7th 1949, observation of bird presence from 9pm to 10pm, observation for anticipated mortality from 10:30pm to 11:30pm

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"The day had been mostly cloudy with slight wind and a cool drizzle continuing into the night."


SiteArea:
a local baseball field in Washington D.C., the field measuring 400ft across

StudyDurationDescribed:
the events occurred on September 28th, 1949 at 9:30pm, each event lasted 1 minute or less

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
A drizzly evening, the groups of warblers flew in front of the floodlights when the rain began to descend heavily.


CloudCover_Description:
Researchers stated that "cloudy moonless nights were optimal for night-lighting."

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They do not provide weather or lunar data, but researchers stated that "cloudy moonless nights were optimal for night-lighting." Along with "dark, stormless nights with calm seas were best."


StudyDurationDescribed:
1995 control data recorded, treatments in 1996 and 1997


CloudCover_Description:
Clear sky with no cloud cover to full cloud cover

WindDirection:
16 compass direction: N, NNE, NE, ENE, E, ESE, SE,SSE, S, SSW, SW, WSW, W, WNW, NW, NNW

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The wind, cloud cover and visibility variables were gathered from the Met Office weather station. The hourly moon illumination from the moon percentage derived from the oce R package was calculated.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"Weather conditions (wind speed and direction, precipitation, sea state) and visibility were recorded at the onset of transects and every 30 minutes thereafter." Transects were discontinued during fog and high wind. Weather conditions and visibility were also recorded during surveys at oil platforms. Lunar conditions not reported.


SiteArea:
Jasna Góra in Czestchowa, Central Poland and Wroclaw, West Poland


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Temperature was below -10 degrees centigrade.


CloudCover_Description:
"Capture success at night was diminished by moonlight, so outings were best made on cloudy nights."

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Researchers stated "optimal conditions for capturing birds at night or by day were maximum wind speeds of 5-10 kt and a Beaufort sea state of 0-1. Calm conditions were essential for nighttime capture of any species. Capture success at night was diminished by moonlight, so outings were best made on cloudy nights."


AdditionalLatitudes:
Lake St. Francis (45.0333), Cap Tourmente (47.05), National Wildlife Areas at Ile au Grues (47.06667), La Pocatiere (47.36667), Cacouna (47.93333), Pointe aux-Outardes (49.05), Coin-du-Banc (48.56667), Gaspé Bay (48.83333), St. Fulgence (48.45) and St. Ge

AdditionalLongitudes:
Lake St. Francis (-74.53333), Cap Tourmente (-70.81667), National Wildlife Areas at Ile aux Grues (-70.55), La Pocatiere (-70.03333), Cacouna (-69.51667), Pointe aux-Outardes (-68.43333), Coin-du-Banc (-64.3), Gaspé Bay (-64.48333), St. Fulgence (-70.9) a

SiteArea:
Lake St. Francis, Cap Tourmente, National Wildlife Areas, at Ile aux Grues, La Pocatiere, Cacouna, Pointe aux-Outardes, Coin-du-Banc, Gaspe Bay, St. Fulgence and St. Gedeon, Quebec, Canada

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They did not report anything about the weather conditions in their results, however they did mention that they recognize that weather may have an impact.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Between mid-August and mid-late September in 1996 - 2011

WindSpeed:
Operation would be delayed or cancelled when wind speed was > 15 - 20 km/h. Wind speed varied.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Over the experiment period, wind speed and moon phrase were varied. And the crew did not reliably record cloud-cover data or the duration of the capture night where clouds were present. Index for lunar brightness was proportion of moon fullness x proportion of capture period that the moon was above the horizon.


LatLongNotes:
Study area described in reference Dunford and Owen 1973

SiteArea:
Southern Penebscot County in Central Maine

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Nothing was mentioned in relation to weather and moon phase impact.


StudyDurationDescribed:
June-July, October 4-27 of 1993; Summer, October 5-17, October 27-November 12 of 1994

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Autumn surveys for fledgling mortality were only conducted during predicted fallout peaks based on the moon cycle. In 1993, the cycle was in between full moon during October 4-27. In 1994, the authors predicted two peaks: October 5-17 and October 27-November 12. They don't provide details on how they used lunar phase to predict fallout peaks, but cite Telfer et al. 1987, which indicates that fallout does not occur during the 4 nights surrounding the full moon.


SiteArea:
Omega Navigation Station, 3km west of La-Moure North Dakota

StudyDurationDescribed:
The migration periods studies began in 1972 from March 30- June 4 (Spring), and in August 1- November 15 (Fall), and continued into 1973 from April 2- June 2 (Spring), and August 12- November 3 (Fall).

CloudCover_Description:
Four classes of cloud cover were given in the official weather reports: <0.1 sky cover, 0.1 to <0.6, 0.6 to 0.9, and >0.9. These were assigned numbers 0,1,2,3. They took the mean of 13 hourly figures from 1800-0600 each night, called overcast if >= 2.5

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Hourly weather reports were obtained from Jamestown, 72 km NW of the study site. For the 5 largest single-kill nights, all but one were overcast, all with varying wind directions and speeds. The bulk of spring mortalities occurred on nights with favourable (SE) winds.  "Overall, losses on overcast nights were concentrated near the tower," while losses on non- overcast nights were more spread out. Table 3 reports during Spring and Fall, the cloud cover (overcast or not), wind directions, and number of nights with those conditions for all mortalities corresponding to the three most common families observed.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They describe the mean annual rainfall (782,3 mm) and prevailing winds (south-westerly), but don't provide any other weather or lunar details


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Researchers noted that "calmer waters around the island lee also resulted in greater comparability among counts."


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They stated that the preferred weather/moon conditions for capturing with the spotlight method was on very dark, still nights without any moon or artificial (city) lights. They did not, however, report on the weather and moon conditions of their study.


SiteArea:
Northstar Island, an artificial oil production island

StudyDurationDescribed:
Observations made during fall migration each year on 20 nights between late August and mid-October

Precipitation:
classified as no precipitation or precipitation (including fog)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Examined the effects of 1) ice conditions - present or absent, 2) time of day, 3) precipitation level - no precipitation or precipitation (including fog), 4) visibility - good (>= 500m) or poor (<500m), 5) wind direction, 6) wind strength, and 7) lunar visibility (whether or not moon was visible to observer on the ground)


StudyDurationDescribed:
Conducted roost surveys at sunset from August 1992 - July 1994. Took night-time ambient light readings from January to mid-April 1992.

AmbientLightQuantitative:
Nighttime light levels average 6.0 lux +1 0.1 SE at roost trees and 0.4 lux +- 0.02 SE at nonroost trees


SiteArea:
Downtown San Marcos, Texas and a portion of the Texas State University San-Marcos campus

StudyDurationDescribed:
2 nesting seasons (2005 and 2006). Apr 24- Aug 15 in 2005, Apr 23 - Aug 19 in 2006.


SiteArea:
Ponds enclosed in pens, somewhere in the delta region of Mississippi and western Alabama. For the purposes of mapping, we used coordinate for Mississippi State University, the institution of the first author.

CloudCover_Description:
Authors stated that they recorded cloud cover, but they do not report it in the article

Precipitation:
Authors stated that they recorded precipitation, but they do not report it in the article

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Authors state that they recorded ambient light and atmospheric conditions (cloud cover, precipitation etc.) at 20-minute intervals, but they do not report these conditions in the article


SiteArea:
Delta region of Mississippi and Western Alabama. No specific location is given. Coordinate used for the purposes of mapping are for Mississippi State University, the institution of the first author.

StudyDurationDescribed:
Jan-March 2000, between 2 hours before sunset and 1 hour after sunset


Precipitation:
light rainfall during the day, became progressively heavier at night

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"Haze and clouds developed over the area late afternoon of September 15, there was sporadic misty rain which became increasingly heavy as the night wore on. The cloud ceiling was non-existent or very low at best."


CloudCover_Description:
Capture sessions were conducted on both clear and overcast nights, but there is not information about how cloud cover influenced capture success

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Capture sessions were reported to occur in a variety of weather conditions, including: dark overcast and clear moonlit skies, and fog, rain, wind and rough water. Lunar phase not reported.


SiteArea:
SW Victoria, Australia. Various unnamed sites.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They mentioned that they did not capture when it was rainy or above 27°C


StudyDurationDescribed:
Summers (July & August) of 1965-1968 (164 nights total)

CloudCover_Description:
"Immature and flying birds were more easily captured on dark nights, especially foggy or rainy nights…a few hundred adult ducks were captured in Iowa…for experimental purposes, and…it was almost necessary to have cloudy, foggy, or rainy weather.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather conditions changed the reactions of the ducks capable of flight, but didn't alter the catchability of local birds. Immatures and flying adults were more easily caught on dark, foggy and rainy nights, especially compared to bright overcast nights. Wind hindered catch effectiveness. They noted this was found in other studies as well.


CloudCover_Description:
Describe the night as cloudy, with the cloud ceiling rising throughout the night and gone by 11:40 pm. Limited information available for other nights.

CloudHeight:
Cloud ceiling noted at 7:15pm was 700 ft and13000ft at 11:20pm, disappearing completely at 11:40pm.

WindSpeed:
10-15 miles/hour and at 3000ft altitude, was 25 miles/hour

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
During the aggregation event, "temperature was 59 F at 7pm and 60 F at 11pm." "At 7:15 pm when the birds were first noted the ceiling was 700 feet, changing to 1200 feet at 8 pm….3500 feet at 9 and 9:30 with scattered clouds at 1300 feet…13000 feet at 11:20…and gone at 11:40pm." Weather conditions on other days not reported, except when cloudcover interfered with  moonwatching.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They did not state the weather or moon phase at the time of writing, however they stated that spotlighting is best done on overcast or moonless nights


AdditionalLatitudes:
Santa Barbara Island (33.475), Anacapa Island (34.004)and San Clemente Island (32.901)

AdditionalLongitudes:
Santa Barbara Island (-119.036), Anacapa Island (-119.399) and San Clemente Island (-118.492)

SiteArea:
Santa Barbara Island, Anacapa Island and San Clemente Island in the Southern California Bight and Channel Islands

StudyDurationDescribed:
26 April - 21 May 1995, 15 April - 17 May 1996 and 10 April - 8 May 1997

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They stated that they worked in a variety of weather conditions, but they had the most success with capture on "dark, overcast or foggy nights with calm seas"


SiteArea:
at fixed-beam ceilometers operated by the US Weather Bureau at Lake Charles and at New Orleans, Louisiana

CloudCover_Description:
Descrive conditions conducive to migration as cloud cover being less than five-tenths. They did not record any aggregation or mortality events.

CloudHeight:
Observations were made when the cloud cover was at 2000ft, 1400ft, and 600ft

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Orientation of fall flights was determined at night when the "sky was clear and the wind below 2000ft was from north and northeast". Additionally, migration during October 1968 was observed at night when "the cloud cover was less than five-tenths and the wind between ground level and 3000ft was blowing towards the west".


SiteArea:
WCTV tower at Tall Timbers Research Station, Florida

StudyDurationDescribed:
Daily mortality surveys from 1955-1967, surveys with weather data from August 24 - November 15, 1962-1966

CloudCover_Description:
systematically recorded cloud presence/absence and compared cloud cover to mortality data

Precipitation:
varied, nights with cloud and precipitation (rain) are recorded along with nights with no precipitation

WindDirection:
varied, study reports on both North winds and South winds

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"Weather readings used were at 19:00 and 22:00 the day before and at 01:00, 04:00 and 07:00 the morning of the kill." and were made from local data sheets 33km SW of the WCTV tower at 1h or 3h intervals for each night. Wind direction (North or South), presence of clouds, and presence of rain were all recorded. Numbers of nights with each weather data along with corresponding bird mortality numbers are recorded in Table 1.


SiteArea:
Tembungo Oil Terminal platform in South China Sea

Precipitation:
Not specified, but described as deteriorating due to a developing typhoon

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
30-40 knot Southwest wind produced a rough sea, but visibility is described as excellent. Precipitation is not reported but weather is described as deteriorating as a result from a nearby typhoon developing.


AdditionalLatitudes:
36 (Nashville airport), 36 (Knoxville Airport)

AdditionalLongitudes:
-87 (Nashville Airport), -84 (Knoxville Airport)

StudyDurationDescribed:
Ceilometer mortality was studied exclusively during October 6-8 in 1951 and 1954 (not in between).


SiteArea:
Serlich, Orlické Hory (Mountains), NE Bohemia

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The researchers recorded the wind direction as SW and wind speed as 3-4 m/s for the night of 14-15 August, 1988. The weather observations for the other nights were recorded, but not reported in this study.


StudyDurationDescribed:
2006 and 2007, detailed dates not listed

Precipitation:
Did not trap on days of precipitation (0 mm)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They trapped mountain quail only during the new moon phase to avoid the impact of natural light and on nights with NO precipitation to avoid displacing the quail in adverse weather.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Each roost site visited twice between 5 March and 3 June 2010


SiteArea:
Edge of the Western shelf of Kerguelen Island in the South Indian Ocean


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Nothing about weather or moon phase was mentioned


SiteArea:
Brighton, Monroe County, NY & Clarence, Erie County, NY.

StudyDurationDescribed:
Hazing occurred from August 15 - September 25th and October 25th - November 15th in 2002 and 2003. Geese were trapped and banded or radio-tagged in late June 2003 and 2003.


SiteArea:
power substation and high traffic areas in Bhilai


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They did not state specific weather or moon phases, however the author stated that they noted birds coming to lights on misty nights. The images also suggest that carcasses were observed during the day time.


SiteArea:
Three field sites 3 km apart: Point Au Roche State Park, Gilberts Brook Marina, Plattsburgh

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They recorded mean temperature, windspeed and humidity during the trials. Conditions for individual trials not reported in article. Mean temperature was 26.1 degrees Celsius and windspeed was 18.8 km/hr.


SiteArea:
Stinker Point, Elephant island, maritime Antarctic Peninsula


SiteArea:
Three television towers in central Illinois. WAND-TV tower: 2.25 miles NE of Oreana. WBUI-TV tower: 2 miles NE o Oreana. WILL-TV tower: 5.5 miles W Monticello

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather conditions were categorized as: 1) ≥50% cloud cover and northerly winds, 2) ≥50% cloud cover and non-northerly winds, 3) <50% cloud cover and northerly winds, and 4) <50% cloud cover and non-northerly winds. Nights were categorized based on hourly data from www.wunderground.com


AdditionalLatitudes:
The Tristan group sensu stricto: -37; Gough Island: -40

AdditionalLongitudes:
The Tristan group sensu stricto: -12; Gough Island: -10

SiteArea:
Tristan de Cunha group of islands (Tristan, Inaccessible and Nightingale) within 40km of each other and Gough Island, constituents of St Helena

CloudCover_Description:
"During the two-week study period, an average of 131 birds came aboard nightly, but this varied from only a few birds on clear, moonlit nights to approximately 900 birds on very misty nights."

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Author mentioned the weather and moon phrases were varied, but not in a very specific way. They were not systematically recorded. "During the two-week study period, an average of 131 birds came aboard nightly, but this varied from only a few birds on clear, moonlit nights to approximately 900 birds on very misty nights."


StudyDurationDescribed:
Reported mortalities after 4 events occurring on 25-26 Sept 1985, 30 Sept - 1 Oct 1986, 11-12 Oct 1986, and 8-9 October 1994.

Precipitation:
little precipitation associated with the events, except for the 11-12 Oct 1986 event where rainfall and light snow was present

WindSpeed:
all four mortality events followed a major decrease of wind speed

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"All found kills represented herein occurred under conditions of low cloud ceiling, following a major decrease of wind speed, and preceding a drop of temperature. Little precipitation was associated with these events, except for that of 11-12 October 1896, which coincided with rainfall and light snow."


CloudCover_Description:
Low clouds. Clouds extended below the altitude of the site, but were thin above, such that stars were visible.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The experiment began after the moon had set. Clouds extended below the altitude of the site but were thin above, such that stars were visible.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Researchers noted that "the sky was overcast, which allowed an easier detection of passing birds against low clouds."


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Researchers noted that the sky was overcast


SiteArea:
multiple roads and parking spots at Curacao


SiteArea:
Ceilometer at the Duluth Municipal Airport

StudyDurationDescribed:
Mortality occurred on the evening of Sept 11, observations and mortality counts were done the afternoon of Sept 12th and morning of the 13th. Additional observations were done the evening of the 13th with no mortality the following morning.

CloudCover_Description:
Completely overcast during the night of the mortality, cloudiness

CloudHeight:
Ceiling ranged from 2400-5000, peaking at midnight and dipping by 5am, ceiling was around 2200ft during observation of circling on the 13th

Precipitation:
No rain the night of the mortality but fairly constant rain on the afternoon of the 12th and onwards

WindSpeed:
Calm in the early evening but reached 4-10mph by midnight and onwards

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The weather conditions on the night of September 11-12 fall within the pattern of those described for other mass mortalities' at ceilometers (Howell et al.., 1954; Laskey, 1956). The sky was completely overcast and the ceiling was 2400 feet at 9:00 p.m., rising to 5000 feet at midnight and falling again to 2700 feet by 5:00 a.m. The visibility was 15 miles all night; there was no rain. The wind was calm early in the evening but after midnight was from the ENE to NE from 4 to 10 mph for the rest of the night. The night of September 11-12 was cloudy but there was no rain until about 5:00 a.m. By early afternoon of the 12th it was raining fairly constantly in Duluth, a condition caused by hurricane Carla that continued until about noon of September 14."


SiteArea:
aircraft hangers at the Little Rock Air Center in Little Rock, Arkansas

StudyDurationDescribed:
feeding under artificial light was described in general terms, no specific study duration


SiteArea:
Flowerbeds of a homeowner in Ruston, Louisiana

StudyDurationDescribed:
22nd & 27th September, 1977 (hummingbirds observed). 3rd & 11th October 1977 (none observed)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They noted the temperature, it was 24°C on the 22nd and 20°C on the 27th. They also noted that it was cooler in October


SiteArea:
Schoellkopf Field, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

StudyDurationDescribed:
Night of October 11-12, 2005. Additional observations briefly described for 29 August and 15-15 September 2006

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Winds conducive to migration occurred leading up to the observation period and the day of. There was also a stalled cold front that caused light precipitation


StudyDurationDescribed:
capture-recapture from 1993-2003, systematic pellet collection from 2000-2002, nocturnal activity index measured from June to August 2002

AmbientLightQuantitative:
Light intensity measured in the middle of the entrance of the caves with a digital photometer set vertically about one meter above floor level

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Phase of the moon was scored as new, crescent and wane, or full. No weather data recorded.


SiteArea:
Plaça de s'Esplanada, Es Castell, Menorca

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Foraging was only observed on warm days, not on cold, wet days


SiteArea:
Church Cove, the Lizard, Cornwall, England

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Southwesterly breeze on a dry night with cloud cover. No moon description provided.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Exact duration not given in article. Ambient light conditions were measured on March 2015, so we assume that behavioural assays took place soon thereafter

AmbientLightQuantitative:
4600 - 110000 Lux (forest canopy created a patchy mix of sunlit and shaded areas within arena). During each trial, left and right sides of arena were labeled as "shaded" or "sunlit".

Precipitation:
None - experiments ended when rain began

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Temperature and relative humidity data collected at the nearby Purdue Airport weather station


SiteArea:
Crystal Fishing Pier, Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
It was the second day of 30-knot southwesterly winds. No lunar data provided.


SiteArea:
University campus in Pietermaritzburg (university not specified)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Nothing about the weather or moon phase is mentioned.


SiteArea:
Empire State Building, New York City, New York

StudyDurationDescribed:
8th May 2002 - 13th November 2004. Most analyses use data from 4th August - 13th November 2004

CloudCover_Description:
They mention that "buildings an disorient migrating birds that may then circle these strcutures, especailly on vening with overcast skies and lights winds."

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They mention that "buildings an disorient migrating birds that may then circle these strcutures, especailly on vening with overcast skies and lights winds." On the only spring night when Peregrine Falcons were seen hunting, winds were ~24-32 km/her from the northwest, but otherwise wind is not reported.


AmbientLightQuantitative:
Background UV levels were measured at the avian radar van and compared with UV light irradiance (Table 1)


AdditionalLatitudes:
Park headquarters: -21.2 ; Ruta Trans Chaco: -22.48333

AdditionalLongitudes:
Park headquarters: -61.65 ; Ruta Trans Chaco: -60

SiteArea:
The Dry Chaco region of Paraguay, at the headquarters of Teniente Enciso National Park and on the Ruta Trans Chaco

StudyDurationDescribed:
Observed on "several occasions" at park headquarters and for a week in October 2007 over the Ruta Trans Chaco


AdditionalLatitudes:
Hotel Tirol: -27.18333. Fortin Toledo: -22.31

AdditionalLongitudes:
Hotel Tirol: -55.76667. Fortin Toledo: 60.35

SiteArea:
Hotel Tirol (Black-goggled Tanagers) and Fortin Toledo (Narrow-billed Woodpeckers).

StudyDurationDescribed:
All observations occurred at sunrise. Sept 15 2007 at Hotel Tirol (Black-goggled Tanagers). 12 and 13 Oct 2013 at Fortin Toledo (Narrow-billed Woodpeckers).


SiteArea:
Gas flare at Canaport LNG in Saint John, New Brunswick

StudyDurationDescribed:
The night of September 13th to the morning of September 14th

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The weather conditions were foggy and overcast at the time of the incident.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
No description of the weather or moon provided.


SiteArea:
office building and telecommunication mast in Bryne, Rogaland

StudyDurationDescribed:
15 October 2015 to 23 March 2016. It is unclear on which nights the cameras were operating

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The weather "in October to December was rainy and temperature above normal. January became colder, with snow and temperature below zero for many days, before the weather improved." Weather for individual landing events was not provided.


SiteArea:
Ngulia Safari Lodge, Tsavo West National Park

CloudCover_Description:
More captures occurred on night with mist or low cloud cover (see "Summary of results" section)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The authors note how various aspects of the weather (e.g. misty or clear, precipitation, cloud height, visibility of stars, early storms followed by clearer weather) affect the number of groundings and mist net catches.  The authors record the weather and lunar conditions that are most conducive to catching birds (see "Summary of Results" field)


CloudCover_Description:
Authors note that birds were most attracted to the light on misty or rainy nights

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
As the duration  of the study was quite long, weather description was varied. The authors note that birds were attracted to the lights on misty or rainy nights with no lunar illumination. Some comments on the weather are made for the observations in the individual species accounts


SiteArea:
Offshore research platform FINO 1 in the southeastern North Sea

StudyDurationDescribed:
Collection of bird corpses occurred from October 2003 to December 2007, recording of bird calls started 12 March 2004 and ceased on 1 June 2007

CloudCover_Description:
Authors describe that mortalities occurred when there was "increasing cloud cover, decreasing cloud ceiling, arising fog or precipitation"

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather from specific mortality incidents is not reported but article states weather conditions that would result in high numbers of birds near illuminated offshore structures as: rapid deterioration of weather during a flight, "increasing cloud cover, decreasing cloud ceiling, arising fog or precipitation, increasing wind speed and wind changing towards an adverse direction." 

Report states that "humidity, visibility, cloud cover, rainfall, wind speed, and wind direction in the North Sea area" were recorded, with details in the electronic appendix. 

Article also states that, depending on wind direction and speed, up to 90% of carcasses were likely to have been missed.


SiteArea:
Estación Biológica de Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Venezuela

StudyDurationDescribed:
Between March and July, 1972 and June-July 1976

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The authors did not mention anything about the weather or moon phase.


SiteArea:
The Chafarinas Islands, Meilla, Spain off the Moroccan Coast

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They did not state specific weather or moon phases during their observation periods, however they stated that the fisheries do not operate on days of bad weather. Therefore they only observed the bird's behaviour on good weather days.


SiteArea:
Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, Plymouth, Massachusetts

CloudCover_Description:
Proportion cloud cover reported each night that the radar operated

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather conditions were noted by observers at the radar. Wind data were recorded at 30 minute intervals from the Pilgrim wind tower and 80 m ASL.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Climatic data (rainfall and temperature) were extracted from MIDAS Land and Marine Surface Stations Dataset.


SiteArea:
Two churches in Seville, Spain (the Cathedral and El Salvador)

StudyDurationDescribed:
5 days/nights (June 3, 11, 17, 20, and 21)


SiteArea:
Spitsbergen, Svalbard Archipelago (a large island off the cost of Norway)

StudyDurationDescribed:
15-23 January 2014-2017 (Thick-billed Murres and Black Guillemots) and 15-16 January 2016 (Dovekies)


LatLongNotes:
Location of first author's institution. Study location not given in text

StudyDurationDescribed:
January-February 2017. Dusk deterrence: 10 - 15, 17 and 18 January 2007. Dusk with limited night deterrence: 17 and 18 January 2007. Regular night deterrence: 31 January - 5 February 2007 and 12-23 February 2007.


StudyDurationDescribed:
2 months, starting from September 18, 2001


Precipitation:
Weather categorized as "inclement" (if strong winds or snowfall present) or "clement"

WindSpeed:
Weather categorized as "inclement" (if strong winds or snowfall present) or "clement"

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather categorized as "inclement" (if strong winds or snowfall present) or "clement". No lunar data provided.


SiteArea:
Iain Nicolson Audubon Center at Rowe Sanctuary, Gibbon, Nebraska

StudyDurationDescribed:
February 28, 2018, through April 19, 2018.


SiteArea:
Chicago downtown, McCormick Center (Chicago), and Cleveland downtown

StudyDurationDescribed:
Spring and Fall migration, 1978 - 2018 for Chicago, 2017-2018 for Cleveland


SiteArea:
Various communication towers in Michigan, USA. There is a map with locations (with the type of tower) in "Figure 1"

StudyDurationDescribed:
2003: 15 Sep–4 Oct (Fall)
2004: 10–29 May (Spring) and 7–26 September (Fall)
2005: 10–29 May (Spring) and 7–26 September (Fall)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
It is stated in the study that the weather in September 2004 was "unusually clear". But the weather during the other months is not stated.


LatLongNotes:
Approximate locations of each city studied.

StudyDurationDescribed:
Pre-treatment surveys were conducted from November - early January from 2002 to 2007. Hazing began after initial surveys ended and lasted for 5-7 days each year.


CloudCover_Description:
1st day: Sky variable thin overcast. 2nd day: sky overcast. 3rd day: sky overcast.

Precipitation:
Intermittent light snow on the third day.

WindSpeed:
1st day: ca 8 km/h. 2nd day: <16 km/h. 3rd day: ≥ 25km/h.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
1st day: - 3˚C. 2nd day: - 3˚C. 3rd day: -6˚C and intermittent light snow.


Precipitation:
Third day of testing: intermittent light snow

WindSpeed:
Second day: <16 km/h, third day: greater or equal to 25 km/h

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Second day: -3 degrees Celsius, third day: -6 degrees Celsius


StudyDurationDescribed:
1989 and 1990. Sites were sampled from mid-May through mid-August in 1989, and sites were sampled from mid-April through mid-August in 1990.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
No description or information is provided.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Deterrent methods were applied at some point during 1981, and observations of results were made at some point during the spring and summer, while systematic data collection was made from August 17 to October 1.


LatLongNotes:
Studies conducted at either end of the bridge

StudyDurationDescribed:
April 1990 - January 1998. Observation was conducted in all four seasons (twice in spring, winter and fall and once in summer).

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Noted if there was cloud cover or precipitation during surveys


SiteArea:
The cabin on the Bundanon historical property (in Shoalhaven, ~160 km south of Sydney)


SiteArea:
Voorstonden,  long-term experiment in the Netherlands


StudyDurationDescribed:
February 1993 (no exact dates). Testing occurred over 10 days for three hours, and the habituation testing occurred over 10 days for two hours each time.


SiteArea:
Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, Ohio


SiteArea:
Sparsely population site on Upper Peninsula of Michigan.

CloudHeight:
Cloud layer at  top of tower (308 m) at 23:15 and lowered overnight. Reached ground level by morning.

Precipitation:
None was reported for the site of the study, but there was some around the region.

WindDirection:
Was NNW (290-330°) right before the cloud appeared and then switched to S(170°) after the clouds appeared

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Low cloud layer that lowered over night.  Mass of warm, moist air moving slowly northward over the study area. Scattered precipitation in  large areas of the region.


SiteArea:
North Sea Oil Platform; 20 km northwest of Vlieland, Netherlands

CloudCover_Description:
On the first night, there was near complete cloud cover for most of the night. On the second night, the cloud cover started off complete but gradually started clearing up so by morning, there was only about half to three-quarters left. On the third night,

Precipitation:
There was no precipitation on any of the nights except the third one in which it started raining in the early morning.

WindSpeed:
On the first and second nights, there was a mild wind but later subsided to calm. The third night started off calm but the wind picked to a moderate level.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Detailed description of weather for each night available on pg. 8-9


StudyDurationDescribed:
Van de Laar (2007) reports that the experiment was conducted in Autumn. Marqueni et al. (2008) reports that it was conducted from 1992-2002.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Authors report the milling behaviour occurred almost exclusively on foggy nights.


StudyDurationDescribed:
1 hour from 0030 to 0130 on 8 October 1967

CloudCover_Description:
The cloud ceiling was low (75 - 100 m). There was also a fine mist. There was an overcast.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Overcast with persistent fine mist with the temperature being at around 12°C


LatLongNotes:
Six different sites were used (three control and three study sites).

StudyDurationDescribed:
Geese collaring started in late June 2001, observations started on 22 July 2001, and harassment was conducted during the following periods: 5 August 2001 through 9 August 2001; 5 September 2001 through 9 September 2001; and 22 October 2001 through 26 Octo


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"All field tests were conducted under relatively clear, starry skies with no more than a crescent moon and with essentially calm winds (less than 1.5 m/s)"


SiteArea:
Location of testing facility not reported, birds obtained from Lincolnshire and Chester

StudyDurationDescribed:
Total study duration not reported. Each replicate lasted 6 days, and occurred once at 2 weeks of age and once at 6 weeks of age.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Indoor experiment, no weather or lunar data provided


StudyDurationDescribed:
Three fall migratory seasons: Sept 23 - Oct 27 2008 (31 nights with observations), Sept 12 - Oct 24 2009 (27 nights with observations), and Sept 22 - Oct 27 in 2010 (35 nights with observations). A total of 112 nights of observation.

CloudCover_Description:
Bird tracks could not be recorded under dense fog or low overcast conditions. Cloud cover was categorized from 0-10 visible in Table 3.

Precipitation:
None. Birds could not be recorded on rainy nights.

WindDirection:
Varied. Classified as still air, following winds and opposing winds.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The following weather covariates were included in the models: wind direction (angle between migratory direction and wind direction), wind speed, relative humidity, cloud cover (on a scale from 0-10), visible size of moon disk. Nights with rain, dense fog, or low cloud cover were not included in analysis. Wind was classified as still air (0 - 2 m/s), following winds (blowing in the direction of migration) and opposing winds. Wind direction and speed were estimated by weather balloons at altitudes 100 - 1000 meters. Bird tracks could not be recorded under dense fog or low overcast conditions


SiteArea:
Essex County; semi-rural areas, including parklands, low-density residential areas, and small commercial sites.

AmbientLightQuantitative:
Median illuminance at "dark" sites was 0.03 (0.02 - 0.10 lux). May be representative of ambient light pollution.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The researchers made conscious effort to avoid nights with winds too strong or rain because it interfered with the recordings.


SiteArea:
984-foot television tower 10 miles west of Champaign, Illinois.

StudyDurationDescribed:
1 night (May 29 - 30 1957). Authors present from 8:00 pm - 5:15 am, began recording observations at 1:24 am.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Overcast with a light wind, surface wind was light from ESE, "light mist" during part of the night.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Study reports weather as "the sky was overcast, but there was no precipitation".


SiteArea:
September 11th Memorial, Manhattan Island

StudyDurationDescribed:
1 night (Sept 11) every year from 2008 - 2016, 2009 and 2011 were excluded due to precipitation

WindSpeed:
Weather data in SI Appendix, Tables S3 and S4

WindDirection:
Weather data in SI Appendix, Tables S3 and S4

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather data in SI Appendix, Tables S3 and S4. All nights were described as "clear".


StudyDurationDescribed:
The study used data collected between 1979 and 2015.


SiteArea:
NASA Plum Brook Station, Erie County, Ohio.


SiteArea:
North Sea on an offset research platform called FINO 1

CloudCover_Description:
Over 50% of collisions occurred on two nights of "low visibility." Cloud cover/visibility on other nights not reported.

Precipitation:
Slight mist/drizzle on some days. Days assessed in the study were the days with <20% obscurity by rain reflection.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
There isn't information detailing about the specific weather conditions on each day, although the article does note that over 50% of collisions occurred in two nights, both of which had very low visibility with mist or drizzle.


SiteArea:
Treasure Finder oil rig adjacent to Brent Gravo oil production platform

CloudCover_Description:
Varied, categorized as "mist or low cloud" or "Clear"

Precipitation:
Varied, categorized as "rain" or "no rain"

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Wind direction reported, cloud and precipitation categorized as "mist or low cloud with rain" -  "Mist or low cloud, no rain" - "Clear with rain" - or "Clear, no rain". Observations with each corresponding wind direction, cloud and precipitation are reported in Table 1.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Testing took place indoors, no lunar or weather data provided


StudyDurationDescribed:
All tests were performed between January 3rd and February 25th, 1994


StudyDurationDescribed:
Mortality data collected for a total of 42 years: from 1960-1989 with old beam, and from 1990 - 2002 with new, narrower and less powerful beam. Data from 1965 - 1973 for the spring season was not included.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Extra effort for observations were made after nights that were foggy or had dense cloud cover.


SiteArea:
A site near Hornum, south our island Sylt, German Wadden Sea

StudyDurationDescribed:
30 September, 2013 - 28 October, 2013 (autumn 2013), 10 February, 2014 - 13 May, 2014 (spring 2014), and 27 September, 2014 - 3 December, 2014 (autumn 2014).

CloudCover_Description:
The visibility of the stars was recorded using a panoramic and a video camera. The visibility of the stars was used a proxy for cloud cover.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather: the visibility of the stars was used as a proxy for cloud cover. Moon phase: most of the bird positive images recorded by the thermal camera were recorded on the nights with a new moon or where a small disk was visible (low illuminated fraction) and on days where the moon was covered by clouds. Thus for simplicity, the nights where no birds were recorded were excluded from the detailed analysis and all nights included had minimal lunar illumination.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Dates for historical records not provided.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
No weather or lunar data provided for historical records.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
No weather data provided. The moon illumination fraction for each detection is listed in Table 1.


StudyDurationDescribed:
June 29th 1995 (and a couple subsequent days after)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Nothing on weather or moon phase was described


SiteArea:
Emlen Funnels in an open field, approximately 10 km south from Clemson University

StudyDurationDescribed:
From the end of April to end of May (1980)


StudyDurationDescribed:
A total of 84 days for each enclosure, total duration of experiment not reported


CloudCover_Description:
Author describes rain, wind, and temperature, but not cloud cover.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Daily weather observations were reported from Sept 20th-29th. On Sept 20-21st and 25th-26th, the weather was "mild and pleasant," but the author did not search for birds. On all other nights, the weather was cold and/or windy, and it rained on the 27th and 28th.


CloudCover_Description:
Nights with aggregations tended to have dense cloud cover

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Varied between clear, windy, and cloudy rainy days. Detailed descriptions of the weather conditions during attractions were recorded between 1978 and 1982 and in 1989, but these are not provided in the text and not recorded in other years. "As long as conditions remain poor (i.e. dense cloud cover and rain), the numbers of birds in the beams seems to increase steadily, and the casualty rates with it. The only noteable dispersal from the beam occurs when either conditions improve (i.e. with partial or complete clearing of the sky), or when rain becomes so heavy that the birds are temporarilty gounded." "There appears to be no evidence of wind direction affecting the way birds react to the floodlights…There does…seem to be a strong correlation between windspeed and floodlight effectiveness," with few birds being grounded during strong winds.


LatLongNotes:
Mean of the lat/long range provided in the article

SiteArea:
Communication towers distributed throughout Upper and Lower Peninsula, Michigan

StudyDurationDescribed:
40 days. 20 consecutive days in May (10-29) and 20 consecutive days in September (7-26)  2005.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
No weather data reported. "The 20 day search period each season allowed for a diversity of weather conditions, including the inclement weather frequently associated with avian tower collisions occurring during migration."


SiteArea:
Canary Islands - Tenerife and Valle de Gumar

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
No weather data provided. In 2009, full moon coincided with the mean fledging date of Cory's Shearwater (Nov 4). In 2010, the full moon (23 Oct and 21 Nov) did not coincide with mean fledging date.


LatLongNotes:
Lat/Long at approximate center of North Sea

CloudCover_Description:
Most nights on which mortalities were reported had "mist and light fog" with occasional "still weather"

Precipitation:
"several moist foggy nights" and had "damp conditions" as well

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Most nights on which mortalities were reported had "mist and light fog" with occasional "still weather"


SiteArea:
Otoshibe, Yakumo town, Hokkaido, northern Japan

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The sky had a thick cloud cover which made the moon not visible.


CloudCover_Description:
Cloud cover in Oktas measured every 10 minutes during the observations.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Cloud cover in Oktas measured every 10 minutes during the observations. Cloud cover had a significant negative impact on the length of time foraging occurred.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Experiment was conducted four times: 
1. 30 May 1996
2.10 Sept 1996 
3.11 Sept 1996
4.19 May 1997
May 1996 - May 1997


SiteArea:
Botanical Garden near the Zoological Institute on Frankfurt am Main


StudyDurationDescribed:
The total duration of the study was not reported. Each group of 12 birds of each strain was tested over 8 consecutive weeks.


SiteArea:
Not specified. Assumed to be at the researcher's laboratory at the University of New England in Armidale, Australia


StudyDurationDescribed:
October 20 until November 3 of 2011-2014


StudyDurationDescribed:
July 1st, October 17th - November 11th, 1998

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The weather was "fine and warm" in both the summer and autumn months of this study


AdditionalLatitudes:
St. Petersburg: 59.98333, Courish Spit: 55.15

AdditionalLongitudes:
St. Petersburg: 30.16667, Courish Spit: 20.85

SiteArea:
St. Petersburg located on the northern coast of Gulf of Finland at Cape Lahta. As well as a control site on the Courish Spit located on Cape Rossitten.

StudyDurationDescribed:
2008-2010 on Courish Spit, 2011 in St. Petersburg, during autumn migratory seasons

AmbientLightQuantitative:
UA, light pollution was present in St. Petersburg and absent on Courish Spit

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Information on the weather and moon is unavailable.


AdditionalLatitudes:
Jinshan Yakou (23.93333),  Niaowang Mountain (23.5)

AdditionalLongitudes:
Jinshan Yakou(101.326501)  Niaowang Mountain (105.5833)

SiteArea:
Jinshan Yakou Bird Ringing Station and Niaowang Mountain Ringing Station

StudyDurationDescribed:
"Spring surveys were conducted for one night, 1–2 May 2008, and for 25 nights between 7 April and 3 May 2009. Summer surveys were conducted for eight nights between 28 July and 5 August 2006, and for 18 nights between 27 May and 8 June 2008. Autumn survey

CloudCover_Description:
Weather and moon data only recorded during Autumn 2006 surveys and in September 2009. Weather classified as with or without mist. Nights with more than 2 hours of mist or fog were classified as nights with mist.

Precipitation:
varied, classified as with or without mist

WindDirection:
Varied, classified as headwind or tailwind

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather and moon data only recorded during Autumn 2006 surveys and in September 2009. Weather classified as with or without mist. Nights with more than 2 hours of mist or fog were classified as nights with mist. The moon phases were classified into three phases according to the Chinese calendar: waxing, full, and waning.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Early October 1980 and October 17-18, 1982

CloudCover_Description:
Early October 1980 - three birds were caught during 4 consecutive misty moonless nights. Weather and lunar data for the other nights not available.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Early October 1980 - three birds were caught during 4 consecutive misty moonless nights. Weather and lunar data for the other nights not available. 

October 17/18 1982 - thick mist and no moon.


LatLongNotes:
Lat/longs of first author's institution. Location of test not given

SiteArea:
Wind-tunnel laboratory, location not given. Assumed to be in the country of the first author's institution

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The researchers recorded a 3 to 5% wind turbulence in the flight chamber tunnel using a hot-wire anemometer.


CloudCover_Description:
Tested on both "clear" evenng (<1/8th cloud coverage), and "overcast" evenings (no to little view of the sun or blue sky)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Tested on both "clear" evenng (<1/8th cloud coverage), and "overcast" evenings (no to little view of the sun or blue sky)


StudyDurationDescribed:
Spring study: January 8th - February 18th, 2001
Autumn study: October 2nd - 25th, 2000


SiteArea:
Birds were housed and released in Edmonton

StudyDurationDescribed:
Trapping began on August 14, 1929. Treatments began on September 28. The birds were released on November 9th.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Birds were housed in outdoor aviaries, where temperatures were sometimes as low as -50 degrees F. With an official forecast of "local showers or snow flurries", weather during release was "cold but not freezing, cloudy with a light wind".


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
light measurements taken during a night with 78% moon illumination and clear skies. Weather/lunar data during trials not reported.


AmbientLightQuantitative:
0.01 lux (when lights were turned off, both sides of the pen had a light intensity of 0.01 lux at the roost)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
light measurements taken during a night with 26.5% moon illumination and clear skies. Weather/lunar data during trials not reported.


SiteArea:
Botanical garden near the Zoological Institute in Frankfurt am Main

StudyDurationDescribed:
Spring 2001 - 2012. Trials began when lights went out in the bird rooms and lasted for about 75 minutes.


StudyDurationDescribed:
100 days, May 30 2015 to September 8 2015


SiteArea:
Tent on top of a cliff in the Baltic Coast


StudyDurationDescribed:
beginning of October to beginning of November 2001


SiteArea:
Beach in Essaouira, Morocco and Isola di San Pietro, Sardinia, Italy and various locations in Madagascar

StudyDurationDescribed:
Essaouira: 19-23 September 2014 and from 20-23 September 2015.
Sardinia: 11 August 2003 - 12 August 2003

CloudCover_Description:
Weather and lunar data for Essaouira reported in Table 1. Weather is categorized as "partly cloudy," "clear," and "overcast."

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather and lunar data for Essaouira reported in Table 1. Weather is categorized as "partly cloudy," "clear," and "overcast." The moon disc illumination % is reported. Wind data is reported in the text for only one night (September 23 2015). In Sardinia, the moon disk illumination was 98%, and the weather was not reported.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Between March - June 1998; specifically mentioned 2 March at 18:13, 26 May at 21:54 & 12 June, 22:23

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather and moon phase was not mentioned in relation to foraging under artificial light


StudyDurationDescribed:
Each replicate lasted eight hours though the total study duration was not mentioned in the study.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Birds were released on sunny days with little to no wind.


StudyDurationDescribed:
The exact study duration was not reported but the turkeys were tested from 4-13 weeks of age with each replicate lasting 6 hours.


SiteArea:
Aurora Research Institute in Inuvik,  Northwest Territories

CloudCover_Description:
Cloud cover during orientation experiments rated from 0/8 - 8/8. They also conducted simulated overcast experiments.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Cloud cover during orientation experiments were rated from 0/8 - 8/8. They also conducted simulated overcast experiments. Experiments were conducted at local sunset and lasted 1 hour.


SiteArea:
Off the coast of Point Conception, California

CloudCover_Description:
Varied throughout the study between 0 and 100%

Precipitation:
2 nights with precipitation recorded in the spring

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Surveys were only conducted during the new moon. Weather data were collected at the beginning of every survey hour (6 hours nightly) or at any point where there was a significant change in weather conditions. Weather data collection included average wind speed (mph); wind direction (degrees or variable or calm); cloud cover (to the nearest 5%); cloud ceiling height (m above sea level); light level/precipitation (daylight/darkness/twilights with/without precipitation); horizontal visibility (m); precipitation (no precipitation, fog, drizzle, light rain, heavy rain, hail); air temperature (C).


SiteArea:
Currumbin Hill Conservation Park, Queensland

StudyDurationDescribed:
July - November 1996, June 1997 - at least 1999


StudyDurationDescribed:
April 15 2003-December 15 2003 and March 24 2004-December 15 2004

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The researchers used 2 meteorological towers to gather weather data but no actual observations were reported. “There was no major weather event in the inter-search period before any of the birds was found in 2003 or 2004”.


StudyDurationDescribed:
May 1 2003-December 1 2003 and March 24 2004-December 24 2004

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The researchers used 2 meteorological towers to gather weather data but no actual observations were reported.


AdditionalLatitudes:
Athens, Georgia: 33.9519, Lake Charles, Louisiana: 30.2266

AdditionalLongitudes:
Athens, Georgia: -83.3576, Lake Charles, Louisiana: -93.2174

StudyDurationDescribed:
Athens Georgia (spring and fall of 1969 and 1970), Lake Charles Louisiana (fall 1969)

CloudCover_Description:
Describe how attraction to ceilometer only occurs on nights with mist, for, or low overcast conditions.

Precipitation:
Varied. Sometimes clear and sometimes haze and high humidity

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They describe how attraction to ceilometer only occurs on nights with mist, for, or low overcast conditions.


CloudCover_Description:
Cloud cover reported hourly, but the data is not available in the article. Relations

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather data was from Environment Canada. Min and max temperature and precipitation were recorded daily at a weather station near the University of Toronto. Cloud amounts, wind speed, and wind direction were recorded hourly. Cloud data was obtained from the Vancouver airport, and wind data was obtained from a weather monitoring station on Toronto Island. For each migration period, a seasonal weather index was calculated as the sum of daily averages for each parameter (rainfall, precipitation, cloud amount, wind speed, and warmth-sum values) spring or fall season. Daily weather data not reported in article.


SiteArea:
Tower sites in Mississippi Alluvial Plain, Ozark Mountains, Arkansas Valley, Ouachita Mountains


SiteArea:
Location of the experiment was not specified. Birds were caught in Somerset, Southwest England.


StudyDurationDescribed:
September 2003 - late October 2003. Trials began when lights went out in the bird rooms and lasted for about 75 minutes.


SiteArea:
artificial nest sites near Belmont Hills

StudyDurationDescribed:
The duration of each test was as long as it took for the bird to make a choice between and move to either side of the testing box.


SiteArea:
In wooden huts in the garden of the Zoological Institute, Frankfurt am Main

StudyDurationDescribed:
11th of January - 13th of February 1999 and 11th January - 13 February 2000


StudyDurationDescribed:
The nestlings were tested twice after a three hour period each time. The duration of each test was as long as it took for the bird to make a choice between and move to either side of the testing box.


SiteArea:
Trapping took place near Beaverhills Lake. Crows were housed in Edmonton and released in Hackett.

StudyDurationDescribed:
Trapping took place in August 1931. Treatments began on October 15th. The birds were released on November 26th.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather during release was "fine with a strong southeast wind." The temperature was 10 degrees Fahrenheit and snow covered the ground. The weather in the bird enclosure, where they were exposed to the artificial photoperiod, is not described.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Birds that were roosting in the winters (November - February) of 2010 until 2015 were used.


SiteArea:
USCG Rescue 21 communication tower 107 m AGL located on the Training Center Cape May (TRACEN), in Cape May, New Jersey

StudyDurationDescribed:
7-26 May and 11-30 September 2008, and 7-26 May and 11-30 September 2009.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
No weather or lunar descriptions provided


StudyDurationDescribed:
Treatments conducted during two separate periods: Southern spring 2003 and 2006


SiteArea:
Helipad of the Viosca Knoll oil platform

CloudCover_Description:
The authors categorized weather into two types, one with cloudy and one with overcast skies (see Qualitative Weather description)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The authors compared 2 synoptic weather types, eastern continental high (ECH) and midwest continental high (MCH). The conditions associated with ECH were partly cloudy skies with winds from east or southeast. MCH was associated with clear skies with northeast wind conditions.


StudyDurationDescribed:
The light experiment lasted for less than one year, at some time between 1984 to 1986.


StudyDurationDescribed:
The total duration of the study was not disclosed but each of five trials lasted three days.


StudyDurationDescribed:
The article states that the test period lasted for eight week, but also that distribution data recorded at 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 72, and 77 days, so it is unclear how long the test period lasted.


SiteArea:
alpha ventus wind farm, 44 km northwest of Borkum


StudyDurationDescribed:
Detection of birds using VARS from the AV4 nacelle started in late September 2010, while measurements from the platform deck started in early March 2012. Monitoring continued through the time of publications (2014)


SiteArea:
Alpha ventus wind farm, 44 km northwest of Borkum

WindSpeed:
Wind speed rose from 5m/s - 16 m/s during the night.

WindDirection:
The wind was blowing West at beginning of the day (1h-9h), switched to SW (11hr-15hr) then North (19hr-7hr) as the night progressed

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The beginning of the night had light-medium tailwind and good visibility. During the course of the night, wind speed increased and wind direction changed to be unfavorable for migration. The night became more foggy and visibility decreased to 700m.


SiteArea:
Botanical Gardens near Zoological Institute in Frankfurt am Main

StudyDurationDescribed:
Six week period from the first week of January to mid-February. Study years not reported


SiteArea:
Oil platforms in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

StudyDurationDescribed:
Spring and fall observations in 1998-2000. The only observations reported in detail are from March, April and May 2000. (Exact dates are given in Table 16.1).

CloudCover_Description:
Local weather reported for every event in talbr 16.1

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Moon description is UA but the weather conditions from each day can be found in table   16.1.


LatLongNotes:
Location of first author's institution. See Table 1 in article for radar locations.

SiteArea:
Weather surveillance radar stations in Eastern USA

StudyDurationDescribed:
Spring (March-May) and autumn (mid-August to early November) of 2008 to 2012

Precipitation:
Days with precipitation were excluded from the data.

WindSpeed:
Wind speeds in two components (E-W and N-S) were included in the model

WindDirection:
Wind speeds in two components (E-W and N-S) were included in the model

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Nights with precipitation excluded from analysis. Table 2 shows all of the weather variables included in the analysis, including visibility, wind speed in the E-W and N-S directions, air temperature, and other variables.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Spring (early April to early June) and autumn (mid-August to mid-November) for 1993-1995

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They do report anything about the weather or lunar phase, other than to report that data collection took longer when weather was "ominous"


SiteArea:
Botanical Gardens near Zoological Institute in Frankfurt

StudyDurationDescribed:
Experiments performed during three migratory seasons: January 11-February 13 1999, January 10 -February 9 2000, and October 2-27 2000


StudyDurationDescribed:
Each hen was tested for two days. Total study duration not described


SiteArea:
Kiwi Encounter/The National Kiwi Hatchery

StudyDurationDescribed:
The study duration was not disclosed but the experiment lasted for a total of 12 days.


AdditionalLatitudes:
National Aquarium of New Zealand: -39.50058; Kiwi Encounter: -38.108715, Rainbow Springs: -38.109004

AdditionalLongitudes:
National Aquarium of New Zealand: 176.919426; Kiwi Encounter: 176.222257; Rainbow Springs: 176.221520

SiteArea:
Kiwi Encounter; National Aquarium of New Zealand

StudyDurationDescribed:
The study duration was not disclosed. Observations of kiwis were conducted over a five-day period.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Specific study duration not available. Birds were raised for 28 days, then tested on day 28 and again 1 day later


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
No weather or lunar data provided in article


SiteArea:
The pen was located inside of a lab, location of lab not provided


SiteArea:
Pacific Outer Continental Shelf production platforms

StudyDurationDescribed:
two spring(April/May/June 2010 and 2011) and one fall(September/October 2010) migration periods.

CloudCover_Description:
Observations were recorded under clear and approx. 75%-100% cloud cover

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
During spring 2010 surveys, "northwest winds, clear skies, and lack of fog were the prevailing conditions" at the platforms. In fall 2010 and spring 2011, surveys included "a range of environmental conditions, including moon phase, dense fog, patchy fog, rain, overcast skies, clear skies and wind". The precipitation categories included: convective, stratiform, fog, and none. The hourly moon phases were divided into New, Crescent, half, Gibbous, and Full. Additionally,  "50% of the surveys experienced 100% cloud cover and 16% experienced heavy obscuring fog".


SiteArea:
Research Laboratory at Iowa State University

StudyDurationDescribed:
The study duration was not stated, but each trial consisted of a 13-day period (7-day acclimation and 6-day testing).


StudyDurationDescribed:
No study duration is stated. A run of 80 subjects lasted around 75 minutes.

AmbientLightQuantitative:
Background illumination in experimental room was provided by incandescent light in the range of 1-2 lux


SiteArea:
Zoological Institute in Frankfurt am Main


SiteArea:
Dokie I Wind Energy Project, northeast British Columbia, Canada

StudyDurationDescribed:
10 nights from 18 - 30 May 2012 (spring) and 8 nights from 19 - 28 August 2012 (fall)

CloudHeight:
The nights were chosen based on "high" cloud conditions

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"Data collection was carried out under relatively clear nights that provided uniform natural light and high cloud conditions."


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
All trials were performed under calm weather conditions with no precipitation or fog.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
All trials were performed under calm weather conditions, with no precipitation or fog.


CloudCover_Description:
Cloud cover described for the week as mostly clear, except was overcast after the midnight of the first day and afternoon of the second day. Then again before midnight on the second day to early morning.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
It was mostly clear. But there was overcast during midnight on the first night to afternoon of the second day, and before second day midnight to early morning.


SiteArea:
University of Arkansas Applied Broiler Research Farm at Savoy, Arkansas

StudyDurationDescribed:
The study duration was not mentioned but each pen went through a 25 day trial period.


SiteArea:
University of Arkansas’ Applied Broiler Research Farm

StudyDurationDescribed:
Study duration not given. The last day of data collection was day 41 of treatment.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Study duration not given. Treatment start 14 days post hatch and the last day of data collection was 44 days post hatch


StudyDurationDescribed:
Spring migration 2006, 2007, and 2010, Autumn migration 2007, 2008, and 2010


StudyDurationDescribed:
Towers were searched 10-29 May and 7-26 September 2008 and 2009


SiteArea:
Rescue 21 Communication Tower on the Training Center Cape May in Cape May, New Jersey

StudyDurationDescribed:
The tower was searched 7-26 May and 11-30 September, 2008 and 7-26 May and 11-30 September, 2009.


SiteArea:
Sewart Air Force Base in Smyrna; Berry Field in Nashville

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"After a week of warm weather with temperatures reaching 90 to 97 degrees, there was a sudden change on September 24. Rain and northerly winds prevailed, with temperatures for that day ranging from 73 to 68 degrees. When rainfall ceased in the afternoon, the cloud ceiling was only 500 feet... The cloud ceiling had risen from 2300-3000 feet after dark."


SiteArea:
Botanical Garden at Zoological Institute in Frankfurt


StudyDurationDescribed:
Sound deterrents Nov 2009 - July 2010, Strobe deterrent February 2010 - at least March 2010, possibly through July


StudyDurationDescribed:
September and October 2012 and 2013 and April and May 2013 and 2014

AmbientLightQuantitative:
light levels ranged from 0.57 - 9490 lux

CloudCover_Description:
Author says she recorded cloud cover on an ordinal scale, but no records or analyses of cloud cover are reported in the text.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
At the time of the experiments, they measured weather variables (temperature, wind speed and direction) using a portable Kestrel weather station. In her analysis, the author classified the weather as fair or inclement. Weather was classified as inclement if there was precipitation or winds > 10 kph. She says she recorded cloud cover on an ordinal scale, but no records or analyses of cloud cover are reported in the text.


SiteArea:
Netherlands Institute of Ecology in Wageningen


StudyDurationDescribed:
The study duration was not reported. Each of the six birds was tested for six to eight days.


CloudCover_Description:
In general skies were overcast with occasional sun breaks of clear sunny conditions. There is no mention of the influence of cloud cover on deterrence efficacy

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"In general skies were overcast with occasional sun breaks or clear sunny conditions. Swell height ranged from 0.25 m to 3 m; wind speed ranged from 10 kn to 30 kn."


StudyDurationDescribed:
From late October 2007 through mid-March 2008.

AmbientLightQuantitative:
From 0.1 to 1154.2 lux (average of 209.6 lux)


AmbientLightQuantitative:
The average light level at the start of the evening tests was 783.0 lux, with a range from 533.8 to 1154.2 lux. The average light level at the end of the evening tests was 18.2 lux, with a range from 13.5 to 23.2 lux


StudyDurationDescribed:
Duration described as "several trials during 2002 and 2003"


StudyDurationDescribed:
For all 4 years, they looked for grounded birds every morning between 1 September and 16 October.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather data not recorded. For each night, lunar illuminated fraction and the length of time that the moon was above the horizon at night were calculated.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Moon phase was taken as a binary variable with periods of full moon (the exact day of full moon±1 day) and new moon and intermediate phases (all other days).


StudyDurationDescribed:
Between 25th August and 23rd October 1986, and between 31st July and 12th September 1987.

CloudCover_Description:
All nights were clear, but some had a haze that hid the lights of a nearby town

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"All experiments took place in a clear night sky. Nevertheless, during a number of tests some haze was present." The experiments where the moon was present and visible from inside the funnel were separately considered.


SiteArea:
Gassi Touil oasi and 200km north at Hassi Masoud

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
There was little wind and sunset was at 18.30 hours.


LatLongNotes:
Location on road in the approximate center of the two sites

SiteArea:
Flat lowlands/wet grasslands between the old coastal ridges of Akersloot-Boekel and Limmen-Heiloo. The A9 roadway cuts through the middle of the area. The control site was located west of A9, with the treatment (traffic noise) site located on the east.

StudyDurationDescribed:
2nd week of April - 2nd week of May, 1998 and 1999

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The authors mention the influence of rainfall on grass height, which was different in 1998 than in 1999.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Nest searches conducted from mid to late July, 1996 - 2000

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Wind exposure (speed x frequency) used as an explanatory variable with a mean of 34.4 in unused cells and 56.1 in used cells but no units or formulas are given.


AdditionalLatitudes:
NASA Plum Brook Station: 41.359099, CSU Long Beach: 33.784160

AdditionalLongitudes:
NASA Plum Brook Station:-82.644164, CSU Long Beach: -118.114297

SiteArea:
California State University, Long Beach, and the National Aeronautic and Space Administration’s (NASA) Plum Brook Station, Erie County, Ohio

CloudCover_Description:
Recorded ambient light, which they relate to cloud cover conditions. They found that "brown-headed cowbirds became alert sooner when ambient lights decreased (e.g. cloudy conditions)"

WindSpeed:
They used the Beaufort scale for wind conditions in decisions to hold (wind speed > Beaufort III or 19 km/h) or proceed with a vehicle approach.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They conducted the experiments only when the wind was blowing towards the approaching vehicle and away from the flight cage. The did not conduct the experiment in winds greater than 19 km/hr. They measured ambient light during some of the experiments.


AmbientLightQuantitative:
measured in micro mol m^-2 s^-1, but not reported in article

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They included ambient light intensity in their model. Wind speed varied by <0.1 m/s and temperate by <0.1 degrees C, so they did not include wind speed or temperature in their final model.


SiteArea:
Davis Arboretum, Davis, Yolo County, California


SiteArea:
Muskeg River Mine, 75 km north of Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Authors recorded temperature, wind speed and direction and precipitation from an on-site weather station at the mine, but do not report it in the article.


AmbientLightQuantitative:
they measured ambient luminosity, but don't report it.


AmbientLightQuantitative:
UA, but note that birds only reacted in very low lighting conditions (dawn and dusk)


AmbientLightQuantitative:
UA, but note that system was effective at luminosities up to 15,000 lux


CloudCover_Description:
Authors report that no lapwings stayed in the part of the runway covered by the laser on cloudy days, and sometimes they also avoided it on sunny days. Their language seems to imply lasers were more effective on cloud days, though it's somewhat unclear.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Reported both cloudy and sunny days. No lunar data provided. Authors report that no lapwings stayed in the part of the runway covered by the laser on cloudy days, and sometimes they also avoided it on sunny days. Their language seems to imply lasers were more effective on cloud days, though it's somewhat unclear.


StudyDurationDescribed:
compared bird strikes in 2003 (before deterrent was installed) to 2004 (while deterrent was operational)


AmbientLightQuantitative:
During 2000 experiments, ambient illumination was similar between treatment groups, differing by 12.2% (mean ± SE control: 33,500 ± 21,884 lx, range = 9,733–73,733 lx; pulse: 38,180 ± 26,336 lx; range = 7,867–76,700 lx). During 2001 experiments, mean ambi

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Authors recorded wind conditions relative to the Beaufort scale, but don't report it. They removed replicates from analysis that experienced unusual wind conditions (approximately 30-39 km/hr)


AmbientLightQuantitative:
For detailed measurements of ambient light per year and per species, see "Results" section.


SiteArea:
Leipzig, urban gradient for city centre, to urban parks, to riparian forest

StudyDurationDescribed:
March-July in 2011 and 2012, March - June in 2013

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
No lunar or weather information provided for nest surveys. Lightmeter measurements were taken during "moonless and starlit night to avoid interference with moonlight and light reflections from clouds"


SiteArea:
Grasslands of Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan

StudyDurationDescribed:
Males tracked during the breeding seasons from 2007 - 2010


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The authors took care to conduct the bird surveys during both new and full moons, providing a balanced design but not recording the lunar phase during each observation. The light intensity measurements were taken during new moons. No information is given about the weather.


StudyDurationDescribed:
7 migration seasons (15 August - 7 November, 2008 - 2014)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Nights with precipitation excluded from analysis, no weather data reported


Precipitation:
Surveys only conducted on days without significant rain

WindSpeed:
Surveys only conducted on days without a lot of wind

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"censuses were carried out...under uniform weather conditions (days without marked rainfall or wind)"


SiteArea:
Voorstonden, long-term experiment in the Netherlands

StudyDurationDescribed:
Late March until the end of the breeding season (late June/early July) in 2013 and 2014


StudyDurationDescribed:
breeding seasons of 2011, 2012, and 2013


SiteArea:
The three largest cities in northern Michoacan, west-central Mexico


SiteArea:
Cities and villages within Southeast Glacial Plains and Southern Lake Michigan Coastal ecological landscapes of Wisconsin

Precipitation:
Surveys not conducted during "precipitation stronger than an intermediate drizzle"

WindSpeed:
Surveys not conducted when wind speed greater than about 8 mph

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Volunteers recorded the temperature, wind speed, cloud cover, noise, and insect activity. Moon data used in analysis were retrieved from the US Naval Observatory.


LatLongNotes:
The primary latitudes are from Munich, where the 2 urban sites were located. Additional latitudes are for Rasting, the rural field site was located.

SiteArea:
Urban parks and business district in Munich, rural forest near village of Raisting

CloudCover_Description:
Manuscript lists units as ocsa. May refer to okta - a measurement scale for cloud cover

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather conditions were obtained from two nearby weather stations, one near Munich and one near Weilenbach. They recorded temperature, cloud cover, and precipitation at the end of evening twilight and the beginning of morning twilight (night).


SiteArea:
Valais/Rhone Valley, Pfyn-Finges Nature Park

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The authors don't provide any information about the weather during the study period. Light emissions measures were taken during moonless, dark, and clear nights.


SiteArea:
Land in the Western Hemisphere North of the equator


StudyDurationDescribed:
Winters (late Sept - late March) of 2005/2006 and 2018/2019

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
The article notes, "Tawny Owls were more detectable on bright moonlit nights and those with little cloud cover...Owls were more active on warmer nights and during periods of wet weather." The volunteers may have collected lunar and weather data, but it is not reported in the article.


StudyDurationDescribed:
pre-construction surveys in 2000-2002, initial operation surveys in 2003. It is unclear when during these years they surveys were conducted.

WindSpeed:
Data only collected during calm winds (< 10 m/s)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
To optimize the detectability of birds, data were only collected when sea was calm and there was no precipitation. No lunar data provided.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Occurs late September and early October from 1974-1976.

CloudCover_Description:
Occurs when overcast such as with fog and mist.

Precipitation:
During times with late monsoon rains. A "little drizzle" is favourable to the birds.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Dr. Doliana described how collisions occur during a season with late monsoon rains. Over-cast, cloudy days with a light drizzle are favourable.


SiteArea:
Multiple buildings in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

StudyDurationDescribed:
2017 and 2018 "spring migration (15 March to 31 May), early summer (1 Jun to 30 Jun), and fall migration (15 August to 31 October)."

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
It was mentioned that they took photos measuring PLP in overcast or cloudy conditions. No other weather or lunar data is provided.


SiteArea:
Mobil's Beryl Alpha Platform (midway from Fair Isle, Shetland to Southwest Norwegian coast)

CloudCover_Description:
Birds tended to circle for a longer period on nights with "full cloud cover and poor visibility"

Precipitation:
Studied under many meteorological conditions.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Conducted 100 or more hours of flare watching at night during peak migration under "a wide range of meteorological conditions" and never witnessed a mortality. He did witness birds circling the flare, and they tended to circle for a longer period on nights with "light to moderate northeast to southest wind with full cloud cover and poor visibility"


SiteArea:
Sewart Air Force Base in Smyrna, Tennessee

StudyDurationDescribed:
October 7 at night and October 8 in the morning in 1951.


StudyDurationDescribed:
2012-2016 (dates unknown) and 2017-2018 (April - August)


AdditionalLatitudes:
Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek: −15.872, Viracopos: −23.006, and Luis Eduardo Magalhaes: −12.916

AdditionalLongitudes:
Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek: −47.919, Viracopos: −47.141, and Luis Eduardo Magalhaes: −38.338

SiteArea:
Three airports: Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek International Airport, Viracopos International Airport, and Luis Eduardo Magalhaes International Airport


StudyDurationDescribed:
The study dates were not included but the study lasted for a total of five weeks, a one week acclimation period followed by a four week testing period.


StudyDurationDescribed:
spring (01 Mar- 30 May) and fall (15 Aug - 15 Nov) 2011-2015 (2013 omitted)

Precipitation:
Excluded any nights with precipitation within 50 km of the radar

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Excluded nights when there was precipitation within 50 km of the radar since precipitation at dusk typically results in low bird migration intensity. Used cloudless satellite composite images from US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.


LatLongNotes:
Approximate location (no coordinates or map given)

SiteArea:
Boreal forest near Happy Valley-Goose Bay in Labrador

WindSpeed:
Wind speed was always low (mean = 0.75 km/h, standard deviation 1.65 km/h)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They set a Kestrel 5500 weather station inside each array and it recorded the following information every 20 minutes: temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and barometric pressure. The temperature was considered in the analysis because it affects the speed of sound.


SiteArea:
FINO 1 Research Platform in the North Sea

StudyDurationDescribed:
The ARUs recorded all year, but the analysis was restricted to the main autumn migration period of the three thrush species: 14 Oct - 13 Dec for European Blackbird, 25 Sep - 12 Nov for Song Thrush, and 16 Oct to 13 Dec for Redwing (3790 h, 20 364 calls)

CloudCover_Description:
They used relative humidity measured at 90 m above chart zero as a proxy for visibility.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They used relative humidity measured at 90 m above chart zero as a proxy for visibility. Data on the wind speed and direction over the south-eastern North Sea at 19:00 and 1:00 GMT were extracted from the NCEP/NPAR reanalysis data archives. They used the mean migratory direction to calculate for each species the tailwind component (TWC) and crosswind component (CWC). TWC = cos(observed wind direction - tailwind direction)*wind speed. CWC = sin(observed wind direction - tailwind direction)*wind speed. They calculated the change in TWC from 19:00 to 1:00 to indicate an increasing or decreasing tailwind component, representing an improvement or deterioration in migrating conditions over the course of the night.


AdditionalLatitudes:
Uptown district: 39.9635, Arena District: 39.9690

AdditionalLongitudes:
Uptown district: -82.9999, Arena District -83.0053

SiteArea:
Uptown and Arena districts of Columbus, Ohio, USA

StudyDurationDescribed:
15th March - June 1st, 15th Aug - 31st Oct, 2012 and 2013


SiteArea:
Various locations in Stillwater, Oklahoma USA

StudyDurationDescribed:
Carcass surveys: 1 Apr - 31 Oct in 2015-2016, 1 Apr - 31 May in 2017.  Light intensity measurements: Aug - Oct 2017 and May 2018


SiteArea:
banding stations at Zuomeiguo and Jinshanyakou in Yunnan Province

StudyDurationDescribed:
Both sites: September 18 - October 27, 2017. Only JSYK: September 10 - October 18, 2018

CloudCover_Description:
Both sites were usually covered by heavy fog. Each night was categorized as foggy or clear. Used GLMM to compare captures on foggy v. clear nights, found 33x as many captures on foggy nights.

Precipitation:
Both sites were usually covered by heavy fog.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Each night they recorded they recorded the weather as Foggy or Clear and Headwind or Tailwind. There were 33x more captures on foggy nights than clear nights and 32.8x more captures during headwind than during tailwind condtions.


CloudCover_Description:
Clear or partly cloudy throughout the study period, except two nights that were overcast

WindDirection:
South/Southwest (favorable for migration) on most nights, Northeast (unfavorable for migration) on two nights

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"The weather during our observations was relatively constant (Table 1). Winds were generally from west to southwest at 26-35 km/h, with clear or partly cloudy skies. On the nights of 24/25 and 25/26 May, the winds shifted to the northeast [unfavorable for migration] and the sky was overcast; very light migration was recorded by all methods." Weather data for each night is recorded in Table 1.


AdditionalLatitudes:
Buenos Aires: 34.58333, Rosario: 32.95, Mar de Plata: 38.00, Salta: 24.78

AdditionalLongitudes:
Buenos Aires: -58.36, Rosario: -60.67, Mar del Plata: -57.56, Salta: -65.42

SiteArea:
Four cities in Argentina (see Table 1 for details)


SiteArea:
Study plots randomly selected throughout Poland

Precipitation:
Calculated for each plot annually and during the warmest and coldest quarter

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"The following variables were used: the Mean temperature of the (1) Annual, (2) Warmest Quarter, (3) Coldest Quarter, as well as the (4) Annual Precipitation, and precipitation of the (5) Warmest Quarter and Coldest Quarter."


SiteArea:
Levington. Location of lamps not specified.

StudyDurationDescribed:
August 1978 and month unspecified in 1979


LatLongNotes:
Three ports at San Jose, Salaverry, and Ancon.

SiteArea:
Vessels departing from the ports of San José, Salaverry and Ancon


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather and moon phase were not mentioned in the articles


SiteArea:
Butte and Blaine counties on the Snake River plain of southeastern Idaho


LatLongNotes:
At URI Gardiner Crops Research Center as well as multiple commercial farms in Rhode Island.

StudyDurationDescribed:
August 2017 to August 2018 (sweet corn), 2018 (blueberries)


CloudCover_Description:
A continuous measure of clouds from full sun (0) to overcast (8)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
During the experiments, they collected data on cloudiness (scale of 0 to 8), precipitation (yes/no), and temperature (degrees Celsius)


SiteArea:
Polish Baltic; Pomeranian Bay and Puck Bay

StudyDurationDescribed:
Late winter fishing seasons of 2016 and 2017.


SiteArea:
Overflow car park at Phillip Island Nature Parks on Summerland Peninsula

WindSpeed:
Taken from a meteorological station (Rhyll, Phillip Island) 15 km away.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"Wind speed (km/h) taken from an automated meteorological station located at Rhyll, Phillip Island, and distant 15 km from the study area...Moon light or luminance (continuous variable) measured as the percentage of luminance at full moon at zenith at distance equal mean equatorial parallax...We calculated moon luminance for each 10-min periods by using the moonlight Fortran software (Austin et al., 1976) and we assigned the maximum moon luminance to each experimental hour."


CloudCover_Description:
The weather is classified as "partly cloudy," "clear," and "overcast."

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather and lunar data is provided in Table 1. The weather is classified as "partly cloudy," "clear," and "overcast." The moon disc illumination (%) is listed.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"The region has a humid, subtropical climate with average annual temperatures of 16–26° C and 981.4 mm annual rainfall"


StudyDurationDescribed:
The total study duration is not given in the text.


SiteArea:
Banding stations and lighted man-made structures throughout northeastern North America

StudyDurationDescribed:
Data used in study spanned 1956 - 1977 (see Table 1)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
4/10 species showed a significantly higher proportion of adults banded near the lighthouse during 5-day period at the time of the new moon versus those banded near the lighthuse during the full moon - indicating that adults may have been attracted to the area by the lighthouse more during the new moon than during the full moon.


SiteArea:
Little Ross Lighthouse south of the town of Kirkcudbright

CloudCover_Description:
Observations made during different weather conditions, aggregation ocurred on "hazy" nights

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: "every hazy night brings some to the lantern" MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: UA MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


SiteArea:
Long Point Lighthouse situated at the eastern end of Long Point, Ontario

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Weather was not recorded on the nights when the birds were trapped, but "nocturnal migrants are attracted to the light mainly during overcast conditions with moderate to poor visibility" MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Wind blowing from the south-east MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


SiteArea:
68 lighthouses from throughout Quebec and Ontario

StudyDurationDescribed:
The questionaires were collected in the Fall of 1924, but the data included was collected earlier by lighthouse keepers

CloudCover_Description:
Many lighthouses report that mortality chiefly occurs on foggy nights

Precipitation:
Some lighthouses report precipitation associated with mortality

WindSpeed:
Some lighthouses report wind conditions associated with mortality

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Foggy nights with little wind were mentioned as conditions when birds were likely to collide with lighthosue. MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: Some reported that full moons/more ambient light resulted in fewer collisions/incidences, but it is not consistently reported


StudyDurationDescribed:
Article was written in 1924, but observations were made by lighthouse keepers starting between 8 months and 23 years prior to publishing.

CloudCover_Description:
Lighthouse keepers make observations under varying weather conditions, report "kind of weather showing greater mortality". Some describe "foggy" or "misty" weather

Precipitation:
Some lighthouse keepers report mortaltiy on "stormy" nights

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Collisions and aggregations are generally associated with either extremely windy, hazy/misty/drizzling or stormy conditions. The Green Island Light Station is an exception; the keeper describes that many snipes staying at and around the lighthouse in the winter and circle the light in the nighttime with the EXCEPTION of windy nights. MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


CloudCover_Description:
Hazy conditions during first aggregation event,  haze and rain during the second

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Very hazy conditions for the first event and windy conditions for the second event. "During migration the number of visitors depends a good deal on weather conditions" with more birds being attracted when the atmosphere is "hazy." MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: "Moonlight is a most unfortunate time for the observer who is anxious to witness a rush, for a I never yet saw a bird on the windows when the moon righned on high."


SiteArea:
The Kentish Knock Lightship. It is 22 miles away from both North Foreland and the Naze.

CloudCover_Description:
Observations made under many weather conditions. Migrating birds generally spotted aggregating around or landing on lightship in misty and overcast conditions (seldom seen in clear nights).

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Stormy conditions associated with major/mass aggregation and collision events. Migrating birds generally spotted aggregating around or landing on lightship in misty and overcast conditions (seldom seen in clear nights). MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


CloudCover_Description:
Observations made under varying conditions. Notably aggregations occurred during hazy conditions

Precipitation:
Aggregations occurred during snowy conditions

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Wind, snow and hazy conditions MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


CloudCover_Description:
Data recorded during various weather conditions, with mortalities occuring during "thick" weather.

WindDirection:
Varied, SW and W during aggregation event

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Mortalities occurred during thick weather. For one mortality (the White-winged Petrel, weather is descrbied as strong wind from S.W. and gradually shifting to W. at 10 p.m.. MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


CloudCover_Description:
Weather reported for each bird strike in table on p. 149. Described as squally, Foggy, Rainy, Misty, Clear, Cloudy, etc.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Weather reported for each bird strike in table on p. 149. Described as squally, Foggy, Rainy, Misty, Clear, Cloudy, etc. WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: NA MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: NA


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: NA MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: NA


CloudCover_Description:
Two mass mortality events occurred when severe sand storms limited visibility

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Around 10:00 p.m. during a sand storm MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: They did not specify the moon phase but said in the article that the moon was present during the first recorded event


SiteArea:
Multiple lighthouses along the coast of California

CloudCover_Description:
"The greatest danger to birds is evidntally on dark overcast nights." No other information is given.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: "The greatest danger to birds is evidntally on dark overcast nights." One lighthouse keeper reported that mortality occurs on "calm dark nights." MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: NA


SiteArea:
Rosetta, Borollos, Damietta, Zaffarana, and Ashrafi

CloudCover_Description:
Weather is described for each specimen as Overcast, Misty, Stormy, Cloudy, or Clear. Most weather was

WindDirection:
Reported for each specimen. typically N, NE, or NW.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Weather is described for each specimen as Overcast, Misty, Stormy, Cloudy, or Clear. Most specimens were collected on Overcast, Misty, or Cloudy nights. Wind direction reported for each specimen and typically N, NE, or NW. MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Authors note that "suitable weather conditions for attraction" coincided with an exceptionally large volume of migrating birds, but do not describe the "suitable" weather conditions MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: NA


StudyDurationDescribed:
Record of snipe deaths reported from 1886 - 1957


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: A light breeze from the NE with a slight drizzle and hazy conditions. MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


SiteArea:
West Rigolets Lighthouse, St. Augustine Lighthouse, Hunting Island Lighthouse,Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, Cape May Lighthouse, Cape Code Lighthouse

CloudCover_Description:
Several lighthouse keepers reported the weather conditions associated with greatest mortality. E.g., "they usually strike during foggy weather, "they strike in very dark nights, seldom in fair weather," They are never around except in foggy nights,"

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Several lighthouse keepers reported the weather conditions associated with greatest mortality. E.g., "they usually strike during foggy weather, "they strike in very dark nights, seldom in fair weather," They are never around except in foggy nights," "they never come except in driving storms". MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: Not described, though some lighthouse keepers describe strikes occuring on "very dark nights."


StudyDurationDescribed:
Lighthouse keeper reproted on his experience during 4 years at the lighthouse

CloudCover_Description:
Author describes smoky conditions as most favourable for aggregations. One aggregation event occurred on a foggy night, otherwise no aggregation were observed during fog.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: "The nights which I have observed to be the most favorable for this exhibition of bird phenomena are when during migration there have been severe fires at different localities, and the atmosphere has been iimpregnated with smoke, this combine with light southwest winds and clear nights offer the best results for observation…I have never experienced birds around the light during foggy weather except once," when a mass aggregation occurred. MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


SiteArea:
Tasman Island light/Swan Island/Maatsuyker Island/Tamar Leading Light/Table cape Lighthoouse/Althorpe Island Lighthouse/North Reef lighthouse/Lady Elliott's Island/Cliffy Island

CloudCover_Description:
One lighthouse keeper reported that "many birds strike the lantern during thick weather" and another several petrels strick during "rainy or cloudy weather"

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Unspecified except for North Reef lighthouse, where they said "many birds strike the lantern in thick weather..." MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


SiteArea:
Spurn lighthouse (East riding of Yorkshire)

CloudCover_Description:
For some mortalities, cloud cover/visibility is reported, but the reporting is not consistent. Described as overcast, misty, or clear.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Reported for some of the mortalities. Reported as overcast, misty, dark, clear, showery, drizzling rain etc.  MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


StudyDurationDescribed:
Observations made continuously throught the spring and autumn months from 1905 to 1908, and intermittently during the winter and summer months

CloudCover_Description:
Author notes that more birds aggregate during "thick" conditions

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Not reported for each mortality event. The authors describes that when the nights are "clear…they take no notice of the Lighthouse, but fly right on without waiting. If the early part of the night is thick, they may perch for a little while" (on the perches erected on the lighthouse "bur directly a few stars appear they are off." MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


CloudCover_Description:
All Grasshopper Warblers were captured on dark, overcast, misty nights.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: All Grasshopper Warblers were captured on dark, overcast, misty nights. Wind direction varied as was sometimes "calm", sometimes "gentle." Authors decscribes one night when "some stars were visible up to 10 pm. After that time the stars grew dim, the night grew blacker, and migrants began to appear in the rays of the lantern." MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


CloudCover_Description:
Overcast skies and rain during aggregation event. Author describes how "on dark, rainy nights these…beams often mean death."

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Overcast skies and rain during aggregation event. "On dark, rainy nights these…beams often mean death." MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


CloudCover_Description:
All captures of Robins occurred during dark, overcast nights

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Author refers to meteorological conditions that are "conducive in attracting migrants", but does not specify what those meteorological conditions are. For each of six records on Robins at the Tuskar Light Station, the authors describes the weather on the nights they were seen or captured. The first two birds were obtained when "the night was calm , the sky dark and clouded over, and there was a light breeze coming from the west." The third occurred when the "sky was overcast but cleared at intervals" and the bird was captured during one of the clear intervals. The fourth and fifth occurred during mornings with precipitation. The sixth occurred on a dark, overcast night with calm weather, when many birds came near the lantern. The final observation occureed during a dark, overcast night.  MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


SiteArea:
Spurn Lighthouse (East riding of Yorkshire)

CloudCover_Description:
Author describes how aggregations are more likel yon cloudy or overcast nights.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: The weather is usually overcast and foggy at night times during these events. MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


SiteArea:
Bell Rock Lighthouse (off the coast of Angus)

CloudCover_Description:
briefly mentioned in the second event that it was "foggy" and in the first event "hazy"

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Did not specify but they briefly mentioned in the second event that it was "foggy" and in the first event "hazy". MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: They briefly mentioned in the first event that mortality events were associated with 'hazy moonless nights'.


SiteArea:
Casquets Ligthhouse (Alderney, Channel islands)

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Fairly clear conditions with light haze at times MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


CloudCover_Description:
Observations were made under a variety of weather conditions. Authors note that aggregations tended to occur on foggy, overcast nights

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Observations were made under a variety of weather conditions. Authors note that aggregations tended to occur on foggy, overcast nights MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


SiteArea:
Listed on table on page 95 and under the heading "The Most Dangerous Lights at present Unprotected" on page 97

CloudCover_Description:
Observations were made under a variety of weather conditions. Most mortalities on misty, rainy, or foggy nights.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Most mortalities on misty, rainy, or foggy nights. MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT:  UA but mentions ". . . where the lighthouse provides the only visible light."


CloudCover_Description:
Observations were made under a variety of weather conditions. Most mortalities ocurred when the weather changed from clear to stormy

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: "Transitional weather" is associated with collisions with the lighthouse. Intense stormy conditions tend to lead to a halt in migration, therefore no collisions are observed and "intransitive weather" allows birds to fly through without collision.  MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: "moonless nights"


SiteArea:
Danish light vessel "E.R.", 70 miles West of Jutland (Esbjerg)


SiteArea:
Lighthouses throughout England and Scotland

CloudCover_Description:
Observations were made under a variety of weather conditions. Rain, snow, and fog were associated with collisions.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Rain, snow and fog associated with collisions. MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


SiteArea:
Lighthouse on Pine Island, British Columbia at the entrance of Queen Charlotte Strait

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: UA.  MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: NA


SiteArea:
Booby Island Lightstation, Torres Strait

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: The weather conditions were said to be recorded but were not stated in the article as they were insufficient for a detailed analysis. MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


CloudCover_Description:
A few of the observations contain information about the cloud cover and visibility, but most do not

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: No observations about weather are made in Barrington's analysis of patterns (p 263 - 266). MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: Author states that collisions were more common on moonless nights.


CloudCover_Description:
Author reports that foggy or misty nights are "most suitable" for strikes. The annual report from 1930 (Humphreys 1933) reports on the "important" instances of aggregation and notes whether or not there was misty weather.

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: "The most suitable times for birds to strike are, of course, foggy or misty nights" (Barrington 1928, p 51). "There is no doubt that the exceptionally fine weather which prevailed from March right into June had a beneficial effect in reducing mortality among our summer visitors during spring migration (Humphreys 1931, p 185). The annual report from 1930 (Humphreys 1933) provides a table of mass aggregation events, including the species involved and weather (wind force, direction, and presence of fog and rain). Other information may be gleaned from records of individual species within each annual report, which sometimes remark on the weather when strikes occurred. MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: "The most suitable times for birds to strike are, of course...nights when the moon is in her dark phase." (Barrington 1928, p 51).


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Weather in the area was noted to be "quite calm".  MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


CloudCover_Description:
Observations were made under varied weather conditions, but little information about the cloud cover/visibility. The authors mentions Wheatears flying around the lantern on an overcast night (p 125) and that aggregations tend to occur during "bad" weather

Precipitation:
One aggregation event mentions light rain (p 125)

WindDirection:
Mentioned in relation to migration intensity

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: UA. Most discussion of weather revolves around wind direction and its effect on migration intensity.  MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


SiteArea:
Three lighthouses: Cay Sal, Cay Lobos, and The Bird Rock

CloudCover_Description:
Lighthouse keeper at Cay Lobos made observations under varying cloud conditions, noted that rain or mist was present on all nights when there were a lot of mortalities

Precipitation:
Rain or mist on all night when mass mortality events occurred

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: The lighthouse keeper at Cay Lobos recorded the atmospheric conditions such as rain or mist on all of the nights when he collected a remarkable number of specimens or observed many birds aloft (given in the tables).  Weather descriptions are given for some nights when there were a remarkable number of specimens collected or birds observed near the lighthouse. Author notes that "birds invariably come up to the light against the wind and strike on the lee side of the lantern" although notes to put more emphasis on the weather conditions rather than the wind direction.  MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


AdditionalLatitudes:
Lodbjerg Fyr: 56.8235, Hanstholm Fyr: 57.1132

AdditionalLongitudes:
Lodbjerg Fyr: 8.2611, Hanstholm Fyr: 8.5979

SiteArea:
Lodbjerg Fy and Hanstholm Fyr lighthouses

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: UA MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: NA


CloudCover_Description:
Cloud cover reported on a scale of 1-8 for the largest mass mortality events each year. Visibility was reported based on whether or not a distant mountain, peninsula, or lighthouse could be seen.

WindSpeed:
reported for largest mass mortality events each year

WindDirection:
reported on Beaufort scale for largest mass mortality events each year

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: For the largest mass mortality events, the annual reports list the cloud cover, wind speed (beaufort scale) and direction, and visibility (based on whether or not a distant mountain, peninsula, or lighthouse could be seen), and lunar phase. There is no summary of which conditions are most often associated with aggregation events. MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: Lunar phase is recorded for major aggregation events, but no statements are made about which lunar phases are most often association with aggregation events.


SiteArea:
Sanganeb Reef Light, Daedalus Light, The Brothers Light, and Shawn Light


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Author stated that birds were "held up by adverse weather" MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


SiteArea:
45 lightouse stations from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland

CloudCover_Description:
Observations made continuously by lighthouse keepers, several observed that more mortalities occur on rainy or foggy nights

Precipitation:
some lighthouse keepers describe nights with mortalities as rainy and foggy

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: "It will be observed that most of the fatalities occur on rainy or foggy nights..." MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


SiteArea:
North Sea, Skagerak, Limfjord, Kattegat, Sound, Store Belt, Lille Belt, Baltic


SiteArea:
List of lighthouses and keepers are on page 371-375

CloudCover_Description:
Observations made during different collisions, most reports of mortalities occurred on cloudy nights

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Most reports say it was cloudy and windy MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


SiteArea:
The various lighthouses were situated in East Scotland, West Scotland and East England.

CloudCover_Description:
Observations often include fog or clouds

Precipitation:
Observations often include notes on precipiation

WindDirection:
Observations often include notes on wind direction

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Usually foggy weather with some wind (this is an observation, although it is not explicitly stated in the report)  MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: UA


CloudCover_Description:
misty/drizzly during the night when aggregation ocurred. No observations reported on other nights

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
WEATHER DESCRIPTION DURING AGGREGATION EVENT: Misty or drizzly weather MOON PHASE ASSOCIATED WITH AGGREGATION EVENT: NA


LatLongNotes:
Port Cros: 43, 6.383333; Porquerolles: 43, 6.2

SiteArea:
Two islands in the Hyeres archipelago: Port-Cros and Porquerolles

StudyDurationDescribed:
breeding season 2003-2006 (ends in July)


CloudCover_Description:
Authors describe that grounding events typically occur on foggy nights, but they are difficult to predict

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
"Still nights, with very thick fog…and a little drizzly rain are common at Eungella. On a very few such nights a great stirring of disoriented flight by a fascinating array of birds takes place…we have not yet solved the question of what triggers these influxes of quail. They are associated with the wet season, mainly in January and February…They are usually, but not always, preceeded by the first period of heavy monsoon rain following a dry winter…we have been unable to detect any correlation between the timing of thes flights and phases of the moon"


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
No weather data provided. Fewer dead/injured birds were found near the full moon.


SiteArea:
Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University

StudyDurationDescribed:
Study duration not reported. Duration of each replicate = 5 days at 1 and 6 weeks of age.


CloudCover_Description:
Described nights when flycatchers struck glass (See "Qualitative Weather and Lunar Description")

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Flycatchers struck the glass on a few nights. One was "dark, overcast rainy". Another was "starry overhead," and a thid was a "clear, starlit night." Another night was "misty with aflling rain and an inky black sky." Another night was overcast and misty. Lunar phase was described only for one event, and it was "in her second quarter."


CloudCover_Description:
Birds were easier to capture on cloudy nights

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Fog and rain caused pheasants to roost "tighter", however hindered capturability by blocking mobility. Cold and snowy temperatures made roosting pheasants be flighty. Autumn was the best time to capture. Bright, moonlit nights made capture challenging. Cloudy, cool and damp nights were best for capturing Prairie Chickens. They were almost impossible to capture on clear/moonlit nights as the spotlight was ineffective. Wind most hampered bobwhite capture as vegetation moved a lot, making it hard to track movement. Quiet, dark, cloudy nights with heavy dew, light rain, or frost were best.


AdditionalLatitudes:
Grays Lake (43.052565), Bonneville, Clark, and Teton Counties (43.863542), Lincoln and Sublette counties (42.283699), Bosque Refuge (33.798078)

AdditionalLongitudes:
Grays Lake (-111.437244), Bonneville, Clark, and Teton Counties (-110.806720), Lincoln and Sublette counties (-110.545874), Bosque Refuge (-106.876453)

SiteArea:
Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Idaho (sandhill cranes). Bonneville, Clark, and Teton counties in eastern Idaho, Lincoln and Sublette counties in western Wyoming, and Bosque Refuge in the middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico.

StudyDurationDescribed:
1969-1971, continuously throughout the 1980s for sandhill cranes. 1981-1991 for whopping cranes. Both summer and winter.

CloudCover_Description:
Capture rates increased with cloud cover

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Cranes were best captured when there was cloud cover or inclement weather compared to clear night skies with bright moonlight or artificial light. No night-lighting was performed in thunder storms for safety.


SiteArea:
Harriman State Park (Henrys Fork of Snake River), Idaho and the Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, Montana

StudyDurationDescribed:
Winters of 1990-96. Capture occurred in November and December, except in 1990 and 1991 where capture occurred in January.

CloudCover_Description:
categorized as snow, fog, overcast, or clear

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
There were 4 night weather categories: snow, fog, overcast and clear. The most success occurred in fog and snowstorms, and there were lower catches on overcast and clear nights. Most capture attempts were in temperatures from 0 to -30oC. Capture attempts only happened on dark periods of lunar cycles and not on moonlit nights since capture success was low then.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
Capture sessions were conducted only on lightly clouded nights (<30%) with no precipitation a low (<10 km/h) wind velocity.


QualitativeWeatherMoon:
There were gentle winds. Otherwise no weather or moon description was provided.


SiteArea:
Narraguagus River and Narraguagas Estuary

StudyDurationDescribed:
Harassment took place from 21 Apr - 25 May 2004 and 9 May - 27 May 2005.


StudyDurationDescribed:
Three mass mortality events in September 1929

QualitativeWeatherMoon:
They do not describe anything about the weather or lunar phase


# tblB_PURPOSE

PurposeStudy:
Study effects of AL on bird distribution or habitat selection


PurposeStudy:
Improve welfare or production of captive birds


PurposeStudy:
Capture or count birds for wildlife research


PurposeStudy:
Document and/or reduce bird aggregations or mortality


PurposeStudy:
Document birds foraging under artificial light at night


PurposeStudy:
Study weight loss during nocturnal migration


PurposeStudy:
Test ability to orient under artificial light conditions


# tblB_SECTOR

Sector:
Human-wildlife Conflict - no sector specified


Sector:
Human-wildlife conflict - no sector specified


# tblC_BIRD_ACTIVITY

BirdActivity:
All activities (birds' entire enclosure is illuminated)


# tblC_POPULATION

PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants. Five most abundant based on Table 3: Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendoica caerulescens); Common Yellowthroat (Georthlypis trichas); Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis); Yello-rumped Warbler (Dendoica Coronata); White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants. Including Blackpoll Warbler (S. striata); Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas); Northern Parula (S. Americana); White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis); Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus)


PopulationDescription:
Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus); Pine Siskin (Spinus pinus); Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis); House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus); Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants. Unidentified eiders (Somateria sp.), Long-tailed Ducks (Clangula hyemalis), Pacific Loons (Gavia pacifica), unidentified loons (Gavia sp.), and Glaucous Gulls (Larus hyperboreus)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants. Sora (Porzana Carolina), Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), and Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichens)


PopulationDescription:
Fledglings; Hutton's Shearwater (Puffinus huttoni)


PopulationDescription:
Pin-trailed Sandgrouse (Prerocles alchata), Black-bellied Sandgrouse (Pterocles orientalis)


PopulationDescription:
Greater Sage Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus)


PopulationDescription:
fledglings; nocturnal migrants; Short-Tailed Shearwaters (Ardenna tenuistris)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants; small wader (genus/species unspecified), small passerine (genus/species unspecified), waterbird (genus/species unspecified), heron (genus/species unspecified)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants; thrushes, smaller songbirds, shorebirds, ducks, geese (genus/species not specified)


PopulationDescription:
nocturnal migrants, fledglings; Tropical Shearwater (Puffinus bailloni)


PopulationDescription:
nocturnal migrants, fledglings; Newell's Shearwater (Puffinus newelli)


PopulationDescription:
Lapland Longspur (Calcarius lapponicus) ; nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Most frequently recorded species: Great Tit (Parus major); Eurasian magpie (Pica pica); Common blackbird (Turdus merula); Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus); Rook (Corvus frugilegus); House Sparrow (Passer domesticus); Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris); Jackdaw (Corvus monedula).


PopulationDescription:
King Eider (Somateria spectabilis), Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis), Black Guillemot (Cepphus grylle), and Thick-billed Murre (Uria lomvia).


PopulationDescription:
Eared Grebes (Podiceps nigricollis), nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Common Yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas),  Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla), American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica), Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus ibis)


PopulationDescription:
Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors), Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), Gadwall (A. strepera), Mallard (A. platyrhynchos) & Pintail (A. acuta)


PopulationDescription:
All are waterfowl, migratory and hens with their brood.5 most abundance (based on Table 1): Blue-Winged Teal (Spatula discors), Coots (Fulica), Ring-Necked Duck (Aythya collaris), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Redhead (Aythya americana)


PopulationDescription:
Eleonora's Falcons (Falco eleonorae) - raptor hunting avian nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants; species not specified


PopulationDescription:
Guanay cormorants (Phalacrocorax bougainvillii), Peruvian Boobies (Sula variegata)


PopulationDescription:
nocturnal migrants: Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens), Canada Warbler (Wilsonia canadensis), Yellow-bellied Empidonax Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris), Black and White Warbler (Mniotilta varia), Kentucky Warbler (Oporornis agilis)


PopulationDescription:
5 most abundant (from Table 1): Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia), Blackpoll Warbler ( Dendroica striata), White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla,  and Tennessee Warbler (Vermivora peregrina); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
The species with the largest numbers and highest frequencies of locations were Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), Chestnut-sided Warbler (Setophaga pensylvanica),  Magnolia Warbler (Setophaga magnolia), Oven-bird (Seiurus aurocapilla), Olive-backed Thrush (Catharus ustulatus); nocturnal migrants.


PopulationDescription:
5 most abundant species (from Table 3): Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa), Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula), Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia), Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), Nashville warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
5 most-caught birds (from Table 1): Blue-winged teal (Anas discors), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Green-winged teal (Anas carolinensis), Gadwall (Anas strepera), American coot (Fulica americana)


PopulationDescription:
New Zealand Storm Petrel (Fregetta maoriana)


PopulationDescription:
5 most common (from Table 1):Antarctic Prion (Pachyptila desolata), Blue Petrel (Halobaena caerulea), Diving Petrel (Pelecanoides urinatrix), South Georgia diving petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus), Wilson's Storm Petrel (Oceanites oceanicus)


PopulationDescription:
Dead birds included Antarctic prion (Pachyptila desolata), Fulmar Prion (Pachyptila crassirostris), Kerguelen petrel (Aphrodroma brevirostris) (Lesson), Wilson’s Storm-petrel (Oceanites oceanicus), Common Diving Petrel (Pelecanoides urinatrix), and Georgian diving-petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus)


PopulationDescription:
Antarctic Prion (Pachyptila desolata), Wilson's Storm-petrel (Oceanites oceanicus), Black-bellied Storm-Petrel (Fregetta tropica), Georgian Diving Petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus), and Common Diving Petrel (Pelecanoides urinatrix)


PopulationDescription:
Broad-billed prion (Pachyptila vittata), Common diving petrel (Pelecanoides urinatrix), Soft-plumaged petrel (Pterodroma mollis), White-faced storm petrel (Pelagodroma marina), Fregetta storm petrels (F. grallaria/tropica)


PopulationDescription:
nocturnal migrants; American Tree Sparrow (Spizelloides arborea), Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis), American Mergansers (Mergus merganser), English Sparrows (Passer domesticus) and a few larger individuals


PopulationDescription:
Hawaiian Petrels (Pterodroma sandwichensis); nocturnal migrants, fledglings


PopulationDescription:
5 most abundant (from Table 3): Cory’s Shearwater (Calonectris diomedea), Bulwer’s Petrel (Bulweria bulwerii), Manx Shearwater (Puffinus baroli), Madeiran Storm-petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa), White-faced Storm-petrel (Pelagodroma marina)


PopulationDescription:
Newell's Shearwater (Puffinus newelli), Hawaiian Petrel previously known as a subspecies of Dark-rumped Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis), Band-rumped Storm Petrel (Oceanodroma castro); nocturnal migrants, fledglings


PopulationDescription:
Atlantic Puffins (Fratercula arctica); nocturnal migrants, fledglings


PopulationDescription:
nocturnal migrants; Birds chirping were only identified as migrating birds, and birds viewed during the anticipated mortality event were described as passerines.


PopulationDescription:
Cory's Shearwater (Calonectris  borealis), Bulwer's Petrel (Bulweria bulwerii), Leach's Storm-Petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa), White-faced Storm-Petrel (Pelagodroma marina hypoleuca), Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis)


PopulationDescription:
Waterfowl, including Grey Teal (Anas gracilis), Pink-eared Duck (Malacorhynchus membranaceus), Hoary-headed Grebe (Poliocephalus poliocephalus), and Australasian Grebe (Tachybaptus novaehollandiae). "Small populations" of wading birds such as Masked Lapwings (Vanellus miles), Black-fronted Dotterels (Elseyornis melanops), and Red-necked Avocets (Recurvirostra novaehollandiae).


PopulationDescription:
Individual species not reported, only total bird deaths. Described as "waterfowl."


PopulationDescription:
Manx Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus); fledglings


PopulationDescription:
Thick-billed Murre (Uria lomvia), Dovekie (Alle alle), Leach's Storm Petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa), Wilson's Storm Petrel (Oceanites oceanicus), Great Shearwaters (Ardenna gravis), Great Black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus)


PopulationDescription:
Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), Great Grey Shrike (Lanius excubitor)


PopulationDescription:
Great shearwater (Puffinus gravis), Sooty shearwater (P. griseus), Red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus), Red phalaropes (P. fulicarius), Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica)


PopulationDescription:
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), American black duck (Anas rubripes), Wood duck (Aix sponsa), Ring-necked duck (Aythya collaris), Hooded merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus)


PopulationDescription:
Newell's Shearwaters (Puffinus newelli); nocturnal migrants; fledglings


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants; most common families given as Rallidae, Parulidae and Fringillidae, as well as other unspecified passerines and non-passerines.


PopulationDescription:
Common Eiders (Someteria mollissima) and King Eiders (Someteria spectabilis)


PopulationDescription:
5 most abundant: Bay Breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea), Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia), Tennessee Warbler (Oreothlypis peregrina), Blackburnian Warbler (Dendroica fusca), Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas)


PopulationDescription:
Anas discors (Blue-winged teal), Aix sponsa (Wood duck), Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard), Anas carolinesis (Green-winged teal), Aythya americana (Redhead)


PopulationDescription:
Species mentioned in text include Black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), Red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus), Magnolia warbler (Setophaga magnolia), Common nighthawk (Chordeiles minor), Green heron (Butorides virescens). Common Nighthawks were observed foraging in ceilometer beam.


PopulationDescription:
The author's experience indicates that this method would work excellently for: All young waders (unspecified), Quails, Pipits & Songlarks (Anthus & Cincloramphus), Red-capped Dotterel (Charadrius ruficapillus) and the Australian Dotterel (Peltohyas australis). They also list species that the technique should also be successful with. They do not list all of the species they tested.


PopulationDescription:
nocturnal migrants: Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), Parula Warbler (Parula americana), Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra)


PopulationDescription:
study only identifies birds as nocturnal migrants, primarily passerines


PopulationDescription:
Arctic Warbler (Phylloscopus borealis), Western Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava), Crowbilled Drongo (Dicrurus annectans), other species of smaller passerines (probably flycatchers and pipits), as well as Northern Phalaropes (Phalaropus lobatus)


PopulationDescription:
5 most abundant species, based on Table 1: Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus), Tennessee Warbler (Oreothlypis peregrine), Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia), Chestnut-sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica), Bay-breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea)


PopulationDescription:
5 most abundant species captured were: European Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca),  European Robin (Erithacus rubecula), Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos), Willow Warbler (Phyllo-scopus trochilus), Garden Warbler (Sylvia borin)


PopulationDescription:
Species caught included White-chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis), Wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans), Giant petrels (Macronectes spp.), Black-browed albatross (Diomedea melanophris), Prions (Pachyptila spp.)


PopulationDescription:
Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis), Indian Nightjar (Caprimulgus asiaticus), Black Drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus)


PopulationDescription:
The main visible mortality involved medium-sized petrels, including but not limited to: Broad-billed Prions (Pachyptila vittata) , Little Shearwaters (Puffinus assimilis), the Common Diving-petrel (Pelecanoides urinatrix), Gadfly petrels (Pterodroma sp) and Grey and Kerguelen Petrels (Lugensa brevirostris). These flew to the island and were nesting. Subantarctic Skuas (Catharacta [skua] hamitoni) were also observed, however these were hunting the and eating the species listed above, and were not indicated as being attracted to the lights.


PopulationDescription:
Southern Giant Petrels (Macronectes giganteus)


PopulationDescription:
The number of birds found from each of 14 families is listed in Table 2. The five families with the most fatalities are: Parulidae, Turdidae, Emberizidae, Vireonidae, and Regulidae.


PopulationDescription:
Seabirds; Common diving-petrel (Pelecanoides urinatrix), White-faced storm-petrel (Pelagodroma marina), White-bellied storm-petrel (Fregetta grallaria), Broad-billed prion (Pachyptila vittata), Soft-plumaged petrel (Pterodroma mollis), Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome)


PopulationDescription:
91 species were found. The most abundant species in September were Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) and Sora (Porzana carolina). In October the most abundant species was Orange-Crowned Warbler (Vermivora celata). Nashville Warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla) and House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) were also abundant.


PopulationDescription:
5 species caught in greatest numbers (Table 1): Whitethroat (Sylvia communis), Marsh Warbler (Acrocephalus palustris), Sprosser (Luscinia luscinia), Harlequin Quail (Coturnix delegorguei), River Warbler (Locustella fluviatilis); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
nocturnal migrants; species listed were Song Thrushes (Turdus philomelos), European Robin (Erithacus rubecula), Sky Lark (Alauda arvensis)


PopulationDescription:
raptor; Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus), Long-eared Owl (Asio otus)


PopulationDescription:
White-tailed Nightjar (Hydropsalis cayennensis), Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis), Carib Grackle (Quiscalus lugubris)


PopulationDescription:
29 species reported, the most common being Bay-breasted Warbler (Setophaga castanea), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), Tennessee Warbler (Leiothlypis peregrina), and Magnolia Warbler (Setophaga magnolia).


PopulationDescription:
Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris); House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)


PopulationDescription:
Species observed sallying for flying insects: Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), Nashville Warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla), Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia), Magnolia Warbler (D. magnolia), Blackpoll Warbler (D. striata), Cape May Warbler (D. tigrina). Species observed foraging in illuminated foliage: Northern Parula (Parula americana), Blackburnian Warbler (Dendroica fusca), and Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum), Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia), and Common Yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas). Species observed but not foraging:  Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus) and Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis). Many flight calls were heard from thrushes but none were observed in the stadium. A Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) was observed perched above the stadium and flying once across the stadium, but it was not observed attacking prey.


PopulationDescription:
Yellow-legged gulls (Larus michaheliis) preying upon European storm-petrels (Hydrobates pelagicus).


PopulationDescription:
Common Swifts (Apus apus), Pallid Swifts (Apus pallidus)


PopulationDescription:
White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) family - Ciconiidae


PopulationDescription:
Foraging species: Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita); Other species: Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus), Goldcrest (Regulus regulus), European Storm Petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Laughing Gulls (Larus atricilla) (Laridae), Ring-billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis) (Laridae), Herring (Larus argentatus) (Laridae), Great Black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus) (Laridae) and one Royal Tern (Thalasseus maximus) (Laridae)


PopulationDescription:
Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus), nocturnal migrants described as passerines, only species identified as prey items were a Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula) and Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)


PopulationDescription:
Greater Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus), European Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), Eider Duck (Somateria mollissima), Diving ducks (Aythyinae spp.) and Eurasian Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus) (Table 2)


PopulationDescription:
Little Nightjar (Setopagis parvula),Scissor-tailed Nightjar (Hydropsalis torquata)


PopulationDescription:
Black-goggled Tanagers (Lanio melanops), Narrow-billed Woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes angustirostris)


PopulationDescription:
Brown-hooded Gull (Larus maculipennis), Kelp Gulls (Larus dominicanus), Great Grebe (Podiceps major)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants; Red-Eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceus), several types of warblers such as Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia) and Magnolia Warbler (Setophaga magnolia), Thrushes and Rose-Breasted Grosbeaks (Pheucticus ludovicianus)


PopulationDescription:
Predator: Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). Prey: Wader (species unclear), Eurasian Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola), Thrushes (Turdus spp.), Doves (species unclear)


PopulationDescription:
Mainly passerines, but also Eurasian Rollers (Coracias garrulus), nightjars (Caprimulgus spp.), and Harlequin Quails (Coturnix delegorguei); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Ethiopian species in nocturnal flight, may be migrating of moving locally. Species described as numerous include Harlequin Quail (Coturnix delegorguei), Button Quail (Turnix sylvatica), Donaldson Smith's Nightjar (Caprimulgus donaldsoni), and Laughing Dove (Spilopelia senegalensis)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants: mostly Thrushes (species unspecified), followed by European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), as well as Skylark (Alauda avensis), Goldcrest/Firecrest (Regulu regulus/ignicapillus), European Robin (Erithacus rubecula), and other small passerines found in low numbers.


PopulationDescription:
The most active foragers in decreasing order, based on Table 2, were: Russet-backed oropendolas (Psarocolius angustifrons), Greater Pewees (Contopus pertinax), Green Jays (Cyanocorax luxuosus), Golden-crowned Flycatchers (Myiodynastes chrysocephalus), and Dusky-capped Flycatchers (Myiarchus tuberculifer). These were also listed as "frequently observed" in Table 1 by the authors.


PopulationDescription:
Audouin's Gull (Ichthyaetus audouini) (Laridae) and Yellow-legged Gulls (Larus michahellis) (Laridae)


PopulationDescription:
Described as "migrant passerine birds"; nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
nocturnal migrants; 5 most abundant based on Figure 2.: White-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis), Song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Swamp sparrow (Melospiza georgiana), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), etc.


PopulationDescription:
Wild; Black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) and great blue herons (Ardea herodias).


PopulationDescription:
Species included in analysis (from Table 3): Blackbird (Turdus merula), Robin (Erithacus rubecula, Blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), Dunnock (Prunella modularis), Great Tit (Parus major), Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), Coal Tit (Periparus ater), House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis), Woodpigeon (Columba palumbus)


PopulationDescription:
Thick-billed Murres (Uria lomvia), Black Guillemots (Cepphus grylle) and Dovekies (Alle alle). Seabirds.


PopulationDescription:
Roosting gulls: Black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus), Common gull (Larus canus), Lesser Black-backed gull (Larus fuscus), Herring gull (Larus argentatus) and Great Black-backed gull (Larus marinus).


PopulationDescription:
Herring gull (Larus smithsonianus), great black-backed gull (Larus marinus), ring-billed gull (Larus delawarensis), American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and fish crow (Corvus ossifragus).


PopulationDescription:
Analyzed data only for the 6 passerine species most commonly observed at feeders: Blackbird (Turdus merula), Blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), Great tit (Parus major), Nuthatch (Sitta europaea), Eurasian Jay (Garrulus glandarius) and Marsh/Willow Tit (Poecilepalustris/montanus)


PopulationDescription:
Migrating Sandhill Cranes (Antigone canadensis); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants; 5 most abundant species in Chicago, based on figure 2: White-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis), Song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Swamp sparrow (Melospiza georgiana), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), etc.


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants; Red-eyed vireos (Vireo olivaceus), Blackpoll Warblers (Dendroica striata), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus), Swainson’s Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus), etc.


PopulationDescription:
American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos); Fish Crows (Corvus ossifragus). No distinction between species in results.


PopulationDescription:
Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos); Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus).


PopulationDescription:
Adult Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), Harris’s Hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus), Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis), hybrid Peregrine Falcon/Gyrfalcon (Falco peregrinus x rusticolus), Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus), and Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus)


PopulationDescription:
No description of the birds present during deterrence. Species were not provided for dead birds discovered during weekly sampling, but they described the 616 dead birds found throughout the study as being 41% passerines, 33% mammals (which they include in bird counts?), 14% ducks, 5% shorebirds, 5% shrikes, and 2% raptors.


PopulationDescription:
Continental Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis)


PopulationDescription:
They observed 59 species (20 families) on one side of the bridge, and 51 species (22 families) on the other. Birds are mentioned without specifying species, including cormorant, seagull, sparrow, bulbul, osprey, honey buzzard, thrush, Hondo jungle-crow, "different kinds of flycatcher", whimbrel, black-eared kite (Milvus migrants lineatus) and Japanese bunting


PopulationDescription:
Grey shrike-thrush (Colluricincla harmonica); Splendid fairywren (Malurus splendens); Satin bower bird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus); Variegated fairywren (Malurus lamberti); Common mynah (Acridotheres tristis); Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen); Laughing kookaburra (Dacelo novaeguineae); Tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides); Magpie-lark (Grallina cyanoleuca); Willie wagtail (Rhipidura leucophrys); Eastern whipbird (Psophodes olivaceus)


PopulationDescription:
Doesn't have specific species stated but they were nocturnal migrants.


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrant songbirds and waterbirds, including but not limited to: Redwings (Turdus iliacus), Song thrush (Turdus philomelos), Common Blackbird (Turdus merula), Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis), as well as Herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and many other species


PopulationDescription:
Balearic shearwater (Puffinus mauretanicus), Scopoli’s shearwater (Calonectris diomedea), European storm-petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus)


PopulationDescription:
Songbirds and waterbirds, specific species not reported


PopulationDescription:
Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
poultry; Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus), Domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrant songbirds, species unspecified


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants; White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), Swainson’s Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca), Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus), etc.


PopulationDescription:
Mix of nocturnal migrants, including Veeries (Hylocichla fuscescens), Dickcissels (Spiza americana), and Indigo Buntings (Passeria cyanea), along with unidentified warblers


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants; birds found dead or injured included Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca), Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa), Woodcock (Philohela minor), and Slate-colored Junco (Junco hyemalis). A Swamp Sparrow (Melopsiza georgiana) and Myrtle Warbler (Dendroica coronata) were also identified while flying around the tower at arrival.


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants; predominantly small song birds (Passeriformes)


PopulationDescription:
Newell's Shearwater (Puffinus newelli) and Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis)


PopulationDescription:
Redwings (Turdus iliacus), Blackbirds (Turdus merula), Fieldfares (Turdus pilaris), Song, Thrushes (Turdus philomelos), Common Redshank (Tringa totanus),  etc. (This information was collected from the automatic flight call recording); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Mix of nocturnal migrants. Redwings (Turdus iliacus), Fieldfares (Turdus pilaris), Song Thrushes (T. philomelos), and Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) given as examples of birds heard and/or seen. Seabirds were also observed with Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) being the most abundant.


PopulationDescription:
Australian Silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
European Robins (Erithacus rubecula); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Mix of nocturnal migrants. Most frequently killed species were Swainson's thrush (Catharus ustulatus), Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus), Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), and Blackpoll warbler (Dendroica striata)


PopulationDescription:
nocturnal migrants; majority of calls were identified as Redwings (Turdus ilacus), Song Thrushes (Trudus Philomelos), or Common Blackbirds (Trudus merula)


PopulationDescription:
Indian Robin (Copsychus fulicatus), House sparrow (Passer domesticus)


PopulationDescription:
Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
18 species of zoo birds, listed in Table 1. 5 most abundant are Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes crestatus), Tufted Puffin (Lunda cirrhara), Roseate Spoonbill (Ajaia ajaja), Paradise whydah (Cidua paradisea), and Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica)


PopulationDescription:
nocturnal migrants; species mentioned in text include Connecticut Warbler (Geothlypis agilis), Tennessee Warbler(Heminthopila peregrina), Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum), American redstart(Setophaga ruticilla),  Oven bird (Seiurus aurocapillus)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants were observed. The species were described as Starlings (Sturnus), thrushes, waders, shearwaters, and small passerines (e.g. warblers, chats).


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants, most species songbirds; among the most abundant were Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus), Blackpoll Warbler (Dendroica striata), Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura), etc


PopulationDescription:
Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata); non-migratory


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal Migrants; mainly night-migrating land birds, including waders, starlings, redwings, and thrushes; storm-petrels


PopulationDescription:
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), raptor


PopulationDescription:
18 species of zoo birds, listed in Table 3.1 on page 56. 5 most abundant are Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes crestatus), Tufted Puffin (Lunda cirrhara), Roseate Spoonbill (Ajaia ajaja), Paradise whydah (Cidua paradisea), and Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica)


PopulationDescription:
Homing pigeons (Columba livia domestica): Domestic pigeon


PopulationDescription:
European robins (Erithacus rubecula); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Garden Warbler (Sylvia borin), nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
poultry; Ross Broiler Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)


PopulationDescription:
Poultry; Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus)


PopulationDescription:
Article focuses on the Spotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa striata). Other observations include European Robins (Erithacus rubecula), Black Redstarts (Phoenicurus ochruros), Blackbirds (Turdus merula), Pallid Swifts (Apus pallidus) and Common Swifts (Apus apus)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants. Birds studied were small passerines and thrushes.


PopulationDescription:
The first five species listed in Table 1 (not in order of abundance) are: Cinnamon Bittern (Ixobrychus cinnamomeus), Ruddy-breasted Crake (Porzana fusca), Little Heron(Butorides striatus), Greywinged Blackbird (Turdus boulboul), and Yellow-legged Buttonquail (Turnix tanki); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants: Common Quail (Quails Coturnix coturnix), Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio), Yellow Wagtails (Motacilla flava), Short-toed Larks (Caiandrella brachydactyla), and Western black-eared wheatear (Oenanthe hispanica).


PopulationDescription:
14 week old chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus)


PopulationDescription:
European Robin (Erithacus rubecula); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Captive; European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris); Blue tits (Parus caeruleus)


PopulationDescription:
Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) ; game bird


PopulationDescription:
Little Bittern (Ixobrychus minutus), Moorhen (Gallinula), Black-necked Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis), and Scops Owl (Otus).


PopulationDescription:
Cory's Shearwater (Calonectris borealis), Yelkouan Shearwater (Puffinus yelkouan), European Storm-petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus)


PopulationDescription:
Europeans robins (Erithacus rubecula); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), raptor


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants; 5 most abundant were: Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus), Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulean), Blue-headed Vireo (Vireo solitaries), Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia)


PopulationDescription:
Juvenile European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)


PopulationDescription:
Juvenile European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)


PopulationDescription:
Captive Wild; European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)


PopulationDescription:
Poultry; male Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)


PopulationDescription:
Savannah sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants; target species were Scripp's Murrelet (Synthlioboramphus scrippsi), Ashy Storm-Petrel ( Oceanodroma homochroa); they also recorded other species, including Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis), Western Gull (Larus occidentalis), Cass


PopulationDescription:
Australian White Ibis (Threskiornis molucca)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants: Yellow-throated Vireo(Vireo flavifrons), Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa), mourning dove (Zenaida macroura)


PopulationDescription:
European robins ( Erithacus rubecula); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
nocturnal migrants; 5 most commonly observed: Horned larks (Eremophila alpestris), common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal Passerine migrants. Species not specified.


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants. Among the top ten most frequently counted were: White throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis), Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus), Yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas), Brown Creepers (Certhia americana), and Hermit Thrushes (Catharus guttatus).


PopulationDescription:
Top 5 most commonly recovered species: Yellow-billed Cuckoos (Coccyzus americanus), Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceus), Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea), Ovenbirds(Seiurus aurocapilla), and Gray Catbirds(Dumetella carolinensis); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Australian Silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis); twilight/early daylight migrants


PopulationDescription:
Tasmanian population of Australian silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis); twilight migrants


PopulationDescription:
Domestic Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo); poultry


PopulationDescription:
Poultry; Domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)


PopulationDescription:
Species/descriptions in Table 1 include Yellow-bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris), Sora (Porzana carolina), unknown small bird, unknown medium bird, unknown large bird; nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Australian Silvereyes (Zosterops laterali); twilight migrants


PopulationDescription:
9 species identified by their flight calls Chestnut-sided Warbler (Dendroica pennsylvanica), Black-throated Blue Warbler(Dendroica caerulescens), Cape May Warbler (Dendroica tigrina), Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotitla varia), Common Yellowthroat (Geothylpis trichas), American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus novaeboracensis), Ovenbird (Seiurus auricapillus), and Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea). Nocturnal migrants.


PopulationDescription:
Poultry; Female broiler, Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants; Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), thrushes (Turdidae), crows (Corvidae), larks (Alaudidae), swallows (Hirundinidae), etc.


PopulationDescription:
Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus); poultry


PopulationDescription:
Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), Sora (Porzana Carolina), Upland Sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda), American Golden-Plover (Pluvialis dominica), Bay-breasted Warbler (Setophaga castanea), and others; nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants, species not specified


PopulationDescription:
5 most abundant species (Table 2): White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis),  Ovenbird (Seirus aurocapillus), Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), Brown Creepers (Certhia americana), Hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Poultry; Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)


PopulationDescription:
Poultry; Hybrid laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus)


PopulationDescription:
Western Gull(Larus occidentalis), Red-necked Phalarope(Phalaropus lobatus), Wilson's Warbler(Cardellina pulsilla), Black Phoebe(Sayornis nigricans), Brown Pelican(Pelecanus occidentalis), nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Poultry; Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)


PopulationDescription:
Poultry; Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)


PopulationDescription:
European Robins (Erithacus rubecula); nocturnal migrant


PopulationDescription:
Table 1 lists top 20 species involved in bird-building collisions during the monitoring program. The top 5 area: White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas L.), Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis L.), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus L.), and Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula L.)


PopulationDescription:
Four collisions occurred, but the species are not given. See study titled "Gelb and Delacretaz 2009 Long term data" for a list of the 5 most commonly colliding species in the area, all of which are passerines.


PopulationDescription:
Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus); Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura)


PopulationDescription:
Poultry; Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)


PopulationDescription:
nocturnal migrants, European robin (Erithacus rubecula)


PopulationDescription:
5 most commonly found species (Table 3): Gray Catbird(Dumetella carolinensis), Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), Blackpoll Warbler (Dendroica striata), Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceus); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Of the 9 carcasses found, 2 were Sora (Porzana carolina), 1 was a Yellow-bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris), and others were unknown birds; nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants: Tennessee Warbler (Leiothlypis peregrine), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), Magnolia Warbler (Setophaga magnolia), Olive-backed Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), Northern Yellow-throat (Geothlypis trichas)


PopulationDescription:
European Robins ( Erithacus rubecula), nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants. No mention of species.


PopulationDescription:
Diving, dabbling and wading birds. 5 most abundant species (Table 1): Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Canada Goose (Branta canadensis), Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis), American Widgeon (Anas americana), Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors)


PopulationDescription:
Homing Pigeons (Columba livia domestica); domestic pigeons


PopulationDescription:
California Gull (Larus californicus), Northern Fullmar (Fulmarus glacialis), Black-footed Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes), Pink-footed Shearwater (Puffinus creatopus), and Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis).


PopulationDescription:
Diving ducks, Geese, Dabbling ducks, Gulls, Herons and egrets (for a detailed list of species see Table 3).


PopulationDescription:
Herons, Dabbling ducks, Diving ducks, Coots. For a detailed list of species, see table 6.


PopulationDescription:
Leach’s Storm-petrels (Oceanodroma leucorhoa), European Storm-petrels (Hydrobates pelagicus), Manx Shearwaters (Puffinus puffinus)


PopulationDescription:
Barau’s petrel (Pterodroma baraui), Mascarene petrel (Pseudobulweria aterrima), Audubon’s shearwater (Puffinus lherminieri bailloni), Wedge-tailed shearwater (Puffinus pacificus)


PopulationDescription:
Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Brown-Headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura)


PopulationDescription:
Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis), Snowy Egret (Egretta thula), and Great Egret (Ardea alba).


PopulationDescription:
"Various bird species" including lapwings, gulls, ducks, waders, starlings, and pigeons


PopulationDescription:
The authors mention gulls and lapwings, though other species may have been present as well


PopulationDescription:
Specifically mention Lapwings, though other birds were probably deterred as well


PopulationDescription:
The authors mention gulls, lapwings, and herons. Other bird species were deterred as well


PopulationDescription:
Raptors; Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia)


PopulationDescription:
Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula), Kentish Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus), Grey Plover (Pluvialis  squatarola), Pied Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta), Dunlin (Calidris alpina), Redshank (Tringa totanus)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants, species not identified


PopulationDescription:
5 most abundant species: Great Tit (Parus major); Eurasian Blackbird (Turdus merula), Eurasian Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), Common Woodpigeon (Fringilla coelebs), Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). Study was specifically aimed at diurnal songbirds; raptors, nocturnal species, and aerial feeders (swallows and swifts) were excluded.


PopulationDescription:
Great Tit (Parus major); Pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca)


PopulationDescription:
The authors do not list all species observed. In Table S3, they list the 5 Species with greatest inter-year (2012-2013) increase in observations at treatment relative to control sites: Common Blackbird (Turdus merula), Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus), Goldcrest (Regulus regulus), Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), and Great Tit (Parus major). They also list the 5 species with the largest relative decrease: Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos), Common Redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus), Coal Tit (Periparus ater), European Crested Tit (Lophophanes christatus), and Short-toed Treecreeper (Certhia brachydactyla).


PopulationDescription:
All species are listed in Table 1 of Appendix A. The five most common species in the abundant category were: P. domesticus (House Sparrow), Hirundo rustica (Barn Swallow), C. livia (Rock Dove), Columbina inca (Inca Dove), and Quiscalus mexicanus (Great-tailed Grackle / Mexican Grackle). The five most common species in the moderately abundant category were: Melozone fusca (Canyon Towhee), Sporophila torqueola (Cinamon-rumped Seedeater), Spinus psaltria (Lesser Goldfinch), Molothrus aeneus (Bronzed Cowbird). The five most common species in the rare category were: Aeronautes saxatalis (White-throated Swift), Passerina caerulea (Blue Grosbeak), Turdus migratorius (American Robin), Corvus corax (Raven), Amazilia beryllina (Berylline Hummingbird)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants; 40 species of nocturnally migrating, insectivorous, neotropical migrants that breed in forests of eastern North America. Species listed in Table S1


PopulationDescription:
Common Eider (Somateria  mollissima) and geese; nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
Some species were identified from specimens in Dr. Doliana's possession. Updated names: Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), Grey-fronted Green pigeon (Treron affinis), Common Emerald Dove (Chalcophaps indica), Oriental dwarf kingfisher (Ceyx erithaca), Ruddy Kingfisher (Halcyon coromanda). Old names used in paper (1978): Indian Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus indica), Grey-fronted Green pigeon (Treron pompadora), Indian Emerald Dove (Chalcophaps indica), Indian Three-toed Forest Kingfisher (Ceyx Erithacus), Indian Ruddy Kingfisher (Halcyon coromanda coromanda)


PopulationDescription:
Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola), Sora Rail (Porzana carolina), Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), Olive-backed Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
raptors; Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus)


PopulationDescription:
Birds seen feeding around runway lighting at night - Oriental Dotterels (Charadrius veredus), Australian Pratincoles (Stiltia isabella). Birds seen feeding on the runway in the morning - Black Kite (Milvus migrans), Whistling Kite (Haliastur sphenurus), Brown Falcon (Falco berigora), Oriental Dotterel (Charadrius veredus), Mongolian Dotterel (Charadrius mongolus), Greenshank (Tringa nebularia), Australian Pratincole (Stiltia isabella), and Black-faced Woodswallow (Artamus cinereus)


PopulationDescription:
5 most frequently colliding species (Table 3): White-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), Nashville warbler (Leiothlypis ruficapilla), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), Tennessee Warbler (Leiothlypis peregrina), etc.; nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
They identified 142 species belonging to 18 bird orders, listed in Online Resource 5. The 5 most abundant species were Lesser Elaenia (Elaenia chiriquensis), Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus), Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus), Southern Lapwing (Vnaellus chilensis), Yellow-bellied Elaenia (Elaenia flavogaster).
Additional notes from study:
Common airport adapters 38% community composition of airport sites): Lesser Elaenia (Elaenia chiriquensis), Yellow-bellied Elaenia (Elaenia flavogaster), Rufous hornero (Furnarius rufus), Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus), Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus), Common Tody-Flycatcher (Todirostrum cinereum), Grassland Sparrow (Ammodramus humerallis), Blue-black grassquit (Volatinia jacarina), Southern lapwing (Vanellus chilensis), Grey-cowled wood rail (Aramidea cajaneus


PopulationDescription:
Poultry; Jingfen chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)


PopulationDescription:
nocturnal migrants, no species identified


PopulationDescription:
Table 1 lists all species detected. The six species that were present in the greatest number of arrays were Boreal Chickadee (Poecile hudsonicus), Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis), Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula), Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), and Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata)


PopulationDescription:
European Blackbird (Turdus merula), Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos), Redwing (Turdus iliacus); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
5 most frequently colliding species (Appendix): Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius), House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Tennessee Warbler (Leiothlypis peregrina); nocturnal migrants


PopulationDescription:
5 most abundant species (estimated based on Appendix Table 4): Brown Shrike (Lanius cristatus), Lesser Cuckoo (Cuculus poliocephalus), Thick-billed Warbler (Arundinax aedon),  Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), Wedge-tailed Pigeon (Treron sphenurus); nocturnal migrants: Brown Shrike (Lanius cristatus)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants. Species not recorded for radar or ceilometer. Mist-netting catches divided into 8 "major groups of migrants" listed in Table 2, all of which are passerines.


PopulationDescription:
Feral Pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica)


PopulationDescription:
Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) and European Stonechat (Saxicola rubicola)


PopulationDescription:
~80% of Australia's bird species. 5 most abundant based on data in supplemental materials: Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen), Magpie-lark (Grallina cyanoleuca), Welcome Swallow (Hirundo neoxena), Willie Wagtail (Rhipidura leucophrys), Pacific Black Duck (Anas superciliosa). The species with the lowest urbanization factor was the Black-backed Butcherbird (Cracticus mentalis) while the species with the highest urbanization measure was the Powerful Owl (Ninox strenua).


PopulationDescription:
Included all European bird species with greater than 100 eBird observations during the breeding seasons. The species that were observed in the greatest number of unique locations were: Common blackbird (Turdus merula), Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica), House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Common Wood Pigeon (Columba palumbus), and Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). This information was found in the supplemental materials. 

Additional notes:
The authors note the species with the highest relative urban tolerance score were the Pallid Swift (Apus pallidus) followed by the Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) and those with the lowest urban tolerance score were the bearded vulture (Gypateus barbatus) followed by the Pin-tailed Sandgrouse (Pterocles alchata). The only additional seven species with a positive urban tolerance score (in no order) were: Red-throated Pipit (Anthus cervinus), Rook (Corvus frugilegus), Western Jackdaw (Corvus monedula), House sparrow (Passer domesticus), Eurasian Magpie (Pica pica), Eurasian Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto), Spotless Starling (Strurnus unicolor)


PopulationDescription:
White-chinned Petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis), Humboldt Penguin (Spheniscus humboldti), Pink-footed Shearwater (Ardenna creatopus)


PopulationDescription:
Starling (Sturnus vulgaris), Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), Robin (Turdus migratorius), Gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), Cedar waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum), Sparrows


PopulationDescription:
Barnacle Geese (Branta leucopsis), Dark-bellied Brent geese (Branta bernicla)


PopulationDescription:
Long-tailed Ducks (Clangula hyemalis), Black-throated Loon (Gavia arctica), Velvet Scoter (Melanitta fusca), Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra), Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus)


PopulationDescription:
Long-tailed Ducks (Clangula hyemalis), Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra), Velvet Scoter (Melanitta fusca), Goosander (Mergus merganser), Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)


PopulationDescription:
Short-tailed shearwaters (Ardenna tenuirostris); fledglings


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants. Only Passerines were considered in the analysis. The five species with highest average counts in Flap data were: White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), Wilson's Warbler (Cardellina pusilla),  Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus), and Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) (based on Table 1)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants; mostly small unidentified passerines. Migrants passing through floodlights and identified to species included Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava), Hoopoe (Upupa epops), shrikes (Lanius sp.), Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix), Dunlin (Calidris alpina) and Sanderling (Calidris alba). Subalpine Warbler (Sylvia cantillans) were seen hitting the floodlights or restaurant windows).


PopulationDescription:
European herring gull (Larus argentatus)


PopulationDescription:
For the analysis comparing age ratios from coastal stations, inland stations, and nocturnal kills, the data inlcude all species. For the analysis at Long Point, the data include 15 species of warbler. The first 5 species listed in Table 2 are Tennessee Wa


PopulationDescription:
Mortalities include large numbers of thrushes (Turdidae), lapwings (Vanellinae), redwings (Turdus iliacus), Golden Plovers (Pluvialis), skylarks (Alauda), and starlings (Sturnidae). Kestrels and gulls foraged on redwings that were killed at the lantern.


PopulationDescription:
Did not describe species. Only referred to birds in very general terms. Aggregation event involved mostly lapwings, and a few larks, thrushes, and plovers


PopulationDescription:
Collected Veeries (Hylocicizla fuscescens) and Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus). Noted that other birds aggregated or collided with lighthouse.


PopulationDescription:
Arctic Tern (Sterna macrura), Storm Petrel (Procellaria pelagica)


PopulationDescription:
Page 75 lists the number of reports in which each species/group was found (not the number of individuals). Most species/groups are only listed in one or two reports. Page 76 lists the number of individuals of each species found during a single night's event at Long Point light in the Spring of 1925. These are not listed in order of abundance, but by skimming the list we estimate that the 5 most abundant species as: Bay-breasted Warbler (Setophaga castanea), Blackpoll Warbler (Setophaga striata), Mourning Warbler (Geothlypis philadelphia), Canadian Warbler (possibly refers to Canada Warbler - Cardellina canadensis), and Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)


PopulationDescription:
Geese, ducks, sparrows, canaries, petrels, snipes were mentioned as being among the mortalities at multiple lighthouses. At some lighthouses, birds were classified as "Land birds", "Sea birds," or "Both." With two execptions, reports indicated a higher proportion of land birds than sea birds. List of dead birds identified by lightkeepers given on pg. 174.


PopulationDescription:
Redwings (Turdus iliacus), Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris), Meadow Pipits (Anthus pratensis), Wheatears (Oenanthe), Blackbirds (Turdidae)


PopulationDescription:
The movements of starlings, chaffinches, skylarks, thrushes and "sea birds" specifically reported on. Described starlings (Sturnidae), skylarks (Alauda), thrushes (Turdidae), meadow pipits (Anthus pratensis), redwings (Turdus iliacus) and a few other species reported on in mass aggregation events. Made observations of specific species such as Antus protensis and Parus major, however these were generally diurnal observations of passing species.


PopulationDescription:
The species reported are too numerous to list here and are not organized by frequency of observations. Some of the species/families reported as flying around the lighthouse and found dead include starlings (Sturnidae), larks (Alaudidae), lapwings (Vanellinae), thrushes (Turdidae), Rooks (Corvus frugilegus), finches, Fieldfares, Golden-crested Wrens (Regulus regulus), golden plovers (Pluvialis), snipes (Scolopacidae), wheatears (Oenanthe), and Snow Buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis).


PopulationDescription:
Species found dead were: 1 Dove-Petrel (listed as Prion tutur, possibly referring to Pachyptila vittata), 1 White-winged Petrel (listed as Estrelata leucoptera, likely referring to Pterodroma leucoptera), 4 Sombre Shearwaters or Mutton-Birds (listed as Puffinus tristis, likely referring to Puffinus griseus), 2 White-fronted Terns (Sterna striata)


PopulationDescription:
Species not listed in order of abundance. First 5 specices in list are: Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia), Northern Parula (Parula americana), Worm-eating Warbler (called Helminthotherus vermivorus in article, now called Helmitheros vermivorum), Cerulean Warbler (called Dendroeca caerulescens in article, now named Setophaga cerulea), and Dendroeca coronata (likely referring to Myrtle Warbler, a subspecies of Yellow-rumbed Warbler, now called Setophaga coronata coronata).


PopulationDescription:
Species not listed in order of abundance. By scanning the list, we estimate that 5 of the most abundant were: Red-legged Crake (Rallina fasciata), Black Bittern (Dupetor flavicollis),  Ruddy Kingfisher (Halcyon coromandus cormandus), Fork-tailed drongo-cuckoo (Surniculus lugubris dicruroides), Arctic Warbler (Phylloscopus borealis).


PopulationDescription:
They mentioned Quail and waterfowl species in the two events that they described but have also said they found 150 birds of different species


PopulationDescription:
5 most frequently reported types of birds, according to the list on page 8 are: "Ducks" (5) , "Small sea birds (possibly petrels)" (3), "Shag (cormorant)" (2), "Curlew" (2), "Snipe (probably some species of sandpiper) "(2), "Divers (loons and grebes)" (2), "Grey shore bird" (2), and "Small land birdS" (2). Authors report that waterfowl and shorebirds were most common.


PopulationDescription:
Species not listed in order of abundance. The number is give for each species in each report separetly. The 5 species with the greatest number of wings collected in a single report are: Anas querquedula  (common name Garganay, now classified Spatula querquedula), Greater short-toed Lark (Calandrella brachydactyla), Sylvia rupuelli (common name Rüppell's Warbler, now classified as Curruca ruppeli) , Charadrius apricarius (European Golden Plover, now classified as Pluvialis apricaria), and Sylvia curraca (Lesser Whitethroat)


PopulationDescription:
Mortalities included Redwing (Turdus iliacus), Skylark (Alauda), Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris), Starling (Sturnidae)


PopulationDescription:
Curlews (Numenius), Lapwings (Vanellinae), Redwings (Turdus iliacus), Fieldfares (Turdus pilaris), Thrushes (Turdidae), Larks (Alaudidae), Knots (Calidris canutus), Golden Plover (Pluvialis), and Snipe (Scolopacidae).


PopulationDescription:
Each lighthouse describes the types of birds that strike the light. The species are not listed in order of abundnace. Some of the species or groups reported as frequently striking the lanterns are: sparrows, robins, snipe, tanagers, and curlews.


PopulationDescription:
Many species mentioned at commonly colliding with lantern, including: Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus), Red-Eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), Black-throated Green Warbler (Setophaga virens), Leach's Storm Petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa), and Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularius).


PopulationDescription:
Some birds were unidentifiable other than the following birds recorded: White-faced Storm-Petrel (Pelagodroma marina), Mutton-Birds (referring to shearwaters), White-eye (Zosterops Coerulescens), Woodswallow (Artamus Sordidus), Australian Shrike (Graucalus Melanops)


PopulationDescription:
Many species of birds involved in mortality events. Most common was said to be Starlings (Sturnidae). First five species/groups mentioned in text are Larks (Alaudidae), golden plover (Pluvialis), Knots (Calidris canutus), Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis), and Blackbird (Turdus).


PopulationDescription:
Species not listed in order of abundance. Based on skimming the list of fatalities, the most common appear to be: Whitethroat (Curruca communis), Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), Starling (Sturnidae), Skylark (Alauda)


PopulationDescription:
In addition to grasshopper warblers (Locustella), other species were collected after striking the lantern, including:  Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla), Whitethroats (Curruca communis), Sedge Warblers (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus), Willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus), Chiffchaffs (Phylloscopus), Wheatears (Oenanthe), Swallows (Hirundinidae), Sand-martins (Riparia riparia), and Corncrakes (Crex crex)


PopulationDescription:
Species mentioned in the article include Redwings (Turdus iliacus), skylarks (Alauda), meadow pipits (Anthus pratensis), blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla), redstarts (Muscicapidae), goldcrests (Regulus regulus), water rails (Rallus aquaticus), corncrakes (Crex crex), a European Storm Petrel (" 'Mother Carey's Chicken' " Hydrobates pelagicus) and a bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica)


PopulationDescription:
Blackbirds (Turdus) were the only species described in a mass mortality event. Other species/families seen or captured at the lantern include Robin (probably referring to European Robin - Erithacus rubecula), Swallow (Hirundinidae), Greater Whitethroat (Curruca communis), Ring-ouzel (Turdus torquatus), Goldcrest (Regulus regulus), Wren (Troglodytidae), and Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus).


PopulationDescription:
Mortalities included many species, not listed in order of abundance. First five mentioned are: Lapwing (Vanellinae), Grey Plover (Pluvialis squatarola), Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis),  Lark (Alaudidae), and Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris).


PopulationDescription:
The most common species in both events were fieldfares (Turdus pilaris), blackbirds, and redwings (Turdus iliacus).


PopulationDescription:
Nearly 200-300 small birds found dead. Identified by the author as Red-breasted Flycatcher (Ficedula parva), but the editor notes that they were probably Robins (we assume they are referring to European Robin - Erithacus rubecula). The lighthouse keeper mentions observing only a few Doves struck the lantern whereas the rest of them avoided the light.


PopulationDescription:
Species/groups involved in aggregation events were: Skylarks (Alauda), Starlings (Sturnidae), Meadow Pipits (Anthus pratensis), Thrushes (Turdidae), Redwings (Turdus iliacus), Goldcrests (Regulus regulus), Chaffinches (Phylloscopus), Lapwings (Vanellinae)


PopulationDescription:
Only discuss birds in general, no specific species


PopulationDescription:
Starlings (Sturnidae) had the highest instances of deaths and collisions by a considerable margin (19 deaths and 17 "taken"). Willow warblers (Rallus aquaticus) also had a considerable number with 6 killed and 16 "taken". Other species recorded during the April 22/23 mortality event are listed without abundance estimates. The first 5 mentioned are Corncrake (Crex crex), Whimbrel (Numenius), Common/Arctic Tern (Sterna hirundo/Sterna paradisaea), and Sandwhich Tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis).


PopulationDescription:
Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Other birds also died but the species are not reported.


PopulationDescription:
Ring-ousels (Turdus torquatus), Song Thrushes (Turdus philomelos), swallows (Hirundinidae), land-rails (Crex crex), sea-rails (possibly referring to Rallus aquaticus) and woodcocks (Scolopax) were mentioned as being common among the casualties.


PopulationDescription:
Article focused on Cassin’s Auklets (Ptychoramphus aleuticus). Mortalities were mentioned for two addition speices: Rhinoceros Auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata) and Leach's Storm-Petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa).


PopulationDescription:
The "bulk" of the birds observed were Redstarts (Phouneicurus phouneicurus), Wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) and warblers. The authors also mentions Willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus) and Grasshopper Warbler (Locustella navevia).


PopulationDescription:
Bird casualties listed in Table 1 (p. 56 -57). They are not listed in order of abundance, but the following 5 species appear to be among the most abundant in the table: Red-backed Button-quail (Turnix maculosus), Buff-banded Rail (Hypotaenidia philippensis), White-browed Crake (Poliolimnas cinereus), Superb Fruit-Dove (Ptilinopus superbus), Clamorous Reed-Warbler (Acrocephalus stentoreus)


PopulationDescription:
On page 277, Barrington provides a list of species that most frequently strike the lanterns. The most commonly striking species are listed as Blackbird (Turdus), Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus), Skylark (Alauda), Thrush (Turdidae), Whitethroat (Curruca communis), and Wheatear (Oenanthe).


PopulationDescription:
The annual report from 1930 (Humphreys 1933) provides a table of specimens received from the lighthouse keepers in 1930. The number of specimens for each species is given but they are not listed in order of abundance. Based on scanning the list, the following 5 species appear to be among the most abundant: Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus), Blackbird (Turdus), Skylark (Alauda), Redwing (Turdus iliacus)


PopulationDescription:
Reports on on wrens. Species not specified


PopulationDescription:
Many species listed, including Wheatears (Oenanthe), Redstarts, Skylarks (Alauda arvensis), Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca), and Tree Pipits (Anthus trivialis).


PopulationDescription:
Species not listed in order of abundance. First 5 species mentioned in the article are are Limpkin (Aramus giganteus), Helmintherus swainsoni (possibly referring to Swainson's Thrush?), Dendroeca caerulea (probably referring to Cerulean warbler - now named Setophaga cerulea), and Sylvania mitrata (probably referring to Hooded Warbler - now named Setophaga citrana)


PopulationDescription:
The 2014 report lists the species attracted and killed in order of abundnace. The 5 species with the highest tally for total attraction were: Manx Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus), Wheatear (Oenanthe), Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla), Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), and Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus)


PopulationDescription:
Species abundance not listed. The first five species listed are Great Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus), Lesser Grey Shrike (Lanius minor), Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica), European nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus), and Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus)


PopulationDescription:
Skylarks (Alauda), Blackbirds (Turdus), Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos), Starlings (Sturnidae), Wheaters (Oenanthe), Goldcrest (Regulus regulus), and Redstarts (Muscicapidae), also several other species unidentified


PopulationDescription:
There is a table listing the number of times each species was mentioned in a lighthouse keeper's report. The species mentioned more than once are: Petrels, Brant (Branta bernicla), "'Yellow birds' (warbler?)'", Heron (Ardeidae)


PopulationDescription:
Thrushes (Turdidae), Starlings (Sturnidae), Larks (Alaudidae), Redbreasts (possibly referring to European Robin - Erithacus rubecula), and unknown small birds are commonly mentioned in kill count.


PopulationDescription:
The number of each species striking is not systematically reported. The first 5 species mentioned in the "Diary of Birds coming the Lights" are: Redpoll (Fringilla linaria - now called Acanthis flammea linaria), Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis) and other ducks, Starling (Sturnidae), Lark (Alaudidae), Redbreast (possible European Robin)


PopulationDescription:
In the first multi-species aggregation event described (p. 171), the first 5 species/groups identified are: Blackbirds (Turdus), Thrushes (Turdidae), Mavises (Turdus philomelos), Lapwings (Vanellinae), and Rooks (Corvus frugilegus).


PopulationDescription:
5 species with highest sample sizes, based on Table 2: Yellow-rumped (Myrtle) Warbler (Setophaga coronata), Veery (Catharus fuscescens), White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), Blackpoll Warbler (Setophaga striata)


PopulationDescription:
Species involved in aggregation event were listed as Song Thrushes (Turdus philomelos), Redwings (Turdus iliacus), Goldcrests (Regulus regulus), and Ring Ouzels (Turdus torquatus)


PopulationDescription:
During the mortality event, 20 to 30 small warblers and chats collided with the lighthouse. Author identified species as Sedge Warblers (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus), a single Spotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa striata), a Grasshopper Warbler (Locustella), Wheater (Oenanthe), Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), and Goldcrest (Regulus regulus). The keeper collected and relased 3 live Manx Shearwaters (Puffinus puffinus). A Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) hunted the warblers in the light.


PopulationDescription:
Two speices were recorded, with a total of 123 detections. Southern Boobook (Ninox boobook) and Tawny Frogmouth (Podargus strigoides)


PopulationDescription:
Nocturnal migrants; Red-backed Button-quail (Turnix maculosa); Red-chested Button-quail ( Turnix pyrrhothorax); Painted Button-quail (Turnix varia); Little Button-quail (Turnix velox); King Quail (Coturnix chinensis)


PopulationDescription:
Fledglings; Newell's shearwater (Puffinus newelli); Dark-rumped petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia)


PopulationDescription:
Listed species in groups (e.g. thrushes, warblers, petrels) without specifying species, except for the Spotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa striata)


PopulationDescription:
Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus); Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus); Prairie Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido)


PopulationDescription:
Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis tabida), Whooping Cranes (Grus americana)


PopulationDescription:
House Sparrows (Passer domesticus); European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris); Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula)


PopulationDescription:
The casualties included warblers, vireos, thrushes, bobolinks, flycatchers, sparrows, cuckoos, grebes, and tanagers. The first five species mentioned were Maryland Yellowthroat (likely Common Yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas) , Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), Magnolia Warbler (Setophaga magnolia), Blackpoll Warbler (Setophaga striata), Chestnut-sided Warbler (Setophaga pensylvanica). A complete species list is provided at the end of the article.


# tblD_DESIGN

ControlDescription:
Compared daytime to nighttime habitat use at two sandflats. One sandflat was more light polluted than the other. Compared locations of tracked individuals during the day to locations during the night


ControlDescription:
Time periods when no lights were turned on; 2 acoustic stations in other rural areas with minor residential lighting (107 km away)


ControlDescription:
Gradient study. Light index values ranged from 0.11 at the darkest site to 4.67 at the brightest site.


ControlDescription:
Treatment with no object at feeder, treatment with light present but turned off


ControlDescription:
Number of birds using roost and livestock sites before treatment


ControlDescription:
Site without communication tower 305m northeast of tower.


ControlDescription:
The authors compared the number of fallout records at lit to unlit areas and in areas with different types of light bulbs. They also compared the spatial density of fallout to the spatial density of artificial light sources.


ControlDescription:
None - did not compare to the same capture technique without light


ControlDescription:
In 2009, 2012, and 2013, lights were turned off on the bridge during some nights.


ControlDescription:
They had before/after controls. The light was turned on and off in alternation, and flight behaviours were measured during both periods.


ControlDescription:
White light treatments were the control. The measurements with white light were of variable light intensity unlike other treatments, however.


ControlDescription:
Compared population trajectories at sites with different altitudes, which was a proxy for light exposure during fledging


ControlDescription:
Light pollution increased 2-fold between 1996 (the before period) and 2013 (the after period). Fig 3 shows changes over time in both number of rescued birds and artificial light levels. No statistical comparison is made.


ControlDescription:
16 nights with vertically polarized lights


ControlDescription:
No formal control. The authors did note that this was the only bird observed feeding in the area, and it was only feeding on the fish that were jumping due to the artificial lights.


ControlDescription:
Compared distance to streetlights at points where European Robins were observed to distance to streetlights at random points selected within the transect


ControlDescription:
Gradient study - compared bird fallout across a gradient of artificial light on the island


ControlDescription:
The ships do not provide any information about the lighting on the ships. We might assume that the lights were on during all bird strikes because bird strikes occurred during the night or twilight periods. The authors state that the strikes are "light-ind


ControlDescription:
The authors described how the density of downed birds was affected by distance to the light sources.


ControlDescription:
They noted whether nocturnal movement locations were within 200-meters of villages, towns, or streetlamps. They anecdotally state that artificial light sources were recorded around only 2 of the 62 night-time movement locations, but do not do a compare di


ControlDescription:
The authors used the period before the lights were installed and after the lights were changed as opportunistic controls. Authors note that there were no groundings in the autumn season of 2001-2003 (before the bright lights were installed). There were no


ControlDescription:
The number of bird deaths after the color of the building was changed


ControlDescription:
The authors describe the distribution of birds around the flare stack and how the density of dead birds related to distance to the flare stack


ControlDescription:
Capture attempts using playback recording only


ControlDescription:
Compared average number of seabird collision/night before intervention (in 1989) to after intervention (2010-2013). Also note that vast majority of collisions in 2010-2013 occurred on nights when lights were on and very few occur on nights when lights wer


ControlDescription:
Calculated correlation between density of grounded birds and a proxy for artificial light (number of inhabitants and urban area)


ControlDescription:
Many eye-witnesses reported that birds were most numerous near light sources


ControlDescription:
The authors descriptively compared fallout numbers in coastal areas with high levels of light pollution to fallout numbers in at coastal areas with less light pollution and inland areas with light pollution. There was no systematic analysis of fallouts an


ControlDescription:
No control; Locations of groundings were not compared to artificial light levels. They simply stated that the grounding were due to light attraction


ControlDescription:
There was a control period where the lights were turned off for 135s before being turned back on for 135s.


ControlDescription:
The authors state that "there have been fewer deaths here since two strong searchlights…were set on tops of buildings with their beams intersecting at the monument" but do not provide any quantitative descriptions of the number of bird deaths before/after


ControlDescription:
Ponds without deterrents. The rotating beacon was moved at random between ponds on different nights. Because the number in the birds varied so much from night to night, they only made control/impact comparison between ponds on the same night, not before/a


ControlDescription:
12 months before deterrents were installed.


ControlDescription:
Figure 2 shows the spatial distributions of light intensity and grounded birds. No statistical or narrative description of this relationship is given in the text.


ControlDescription:
None. Any night capture was done with the spotlight.


ControlDescription:
The compared the movements of their study population to the movements of a similar population studied during 2 previous years.


ControlDescription:
The power line characteristics in the vicinity of the dead birds were compared with the general (control) set of characteristics measured at 1/3 mile intervals along power lines, including distance to artificial light.


ControlDescription:
The number of birds found on the beach could be considered a control because there is less light pollution on the beach than the road, but the authors don't make this comparison.


ControlDescription:
Observation sessions when flashing lights were turned off, other permanent lights on the island remained on at all times. Monitored bird behaviour and numbers


ControlDescription:
Compared light levels (measured as a continuous variable at roost trees to trees randomly selected from the study area


ControlDescription:
Gradient study - light level was measured as distance to light source. Distance range from 0 - 35 meters. She compared light levels at used sites (where nests were found) to unused sites (random sites where there were not nests


ControlDescription:
None - behaviour of birds was not recorded when laser was not in use


ControlDescription:
Chose roosts with at least 1000 birds before laser treatment and counted how many birds remained after treatment


ControlDescription:
None, no observations about bird migration were made at different sites or when the lights were turned off


ControlDescription:
Used a continuous scale of light measurements in GLMs.


ControlDescription:
None - observations were only made when gas flare was lit


ControlDescription:
Compare characteristics of roost trees to non-roost trees. One of the characteristics measured was distance to nearest streetlight


ControlDescription:
Compared number of mortalities when deck lights were on v. off


ControlDescription:
Behavioural Assay - no control: They did not record the movements of any birds that were not hazed. Before/After: They compared the number of birds remaining on a site after treatment, and they reported the proportion of trials in which the number of gees


ControlDescription:
trials with flashlight aimed at ground, background noise


ControlDescription:
Before/After: For each individual, they compared the mean wet activity on nights with light spikes to nights without light spikes. Gradient - spatial: They used a linear model to test the effects of sex and light intensity on the probability that giant pe

HabitatSelectionStudyDesign:
**They measured the effect of light intensity on the probability of landing on the water


ControlDescription:
Compared number of mortalities at a tower with both flashing and steady burning red lights to two towers with only flashing white lights


ControlDescription:
None. The authors note that the hummingbirds were not observed in the yard during the day, but attribute their absence to the closed flower, not the lack of artificial light


ControlDescription:
Mark/recapture: before/after study, comparing predation rates before and after city lights were increased. Pellet survey: control/impact study, comparing predation rates in cave facing artificial light to cave facing away from artificial light. Nocturnal


ControlDescription:
Conducted choice tests without light treatments to determine if birds exhibited preference for right/left or north/south directions


ControlDescription:
The authors noted that there were few instances of feeding during the day, so daytime feeding rates may be considered a control. They also noted that the birds aggregated around the illuminated area and were not seen elsewhere, though they did not systema


ControlDescription:
Most of the observations were made in the presence of light, but the authors note how changes in the lights throughout the years have affected bird catches. When mortalities occurred at white wall illuminated by a flood light, the removed the light and no


ControlDescription:
Compared gull activities on days after nights with purse-seine activity v. without purse-seine activity


ControlDescription:
They divided the bird tracks by a line running ENE-SWW, dividing the birds into "experimental" birds flying over the power plant area and "control" birds flying over the dark area.


ControlDescription:
Bird collisions were compared across a gradient of light intensity (0-17 windows illuminated)


ControlDescription:
They counted the number of herons before applying the light treatment on both halves of the pond (west and east). The counted the number of herons on each half of the bond during treatment (when only the west half was lit) and post-treatment (when neither


ControlDescription:
The number of artificial lights within 50 meters of the garden was included as a covariate in the model.


ControlDescription:
Observed prey delivery during the day when there were no artificial lights, but did not record how many birds were foraging over the Cathedral during the day. Lights were illuminated every night. Prior to study, authors observed that Kestrels roosted as s


ControlDescription:
They compared the number of birds present before dusk (predisperal) to the number present in the roost after immediate deterrent deployment and the number of birds still present in the roost at dawn


ControlDescription:
Number of birds counted before the intervention began, and subsequent counts.


ControlDescription:
Residents provided subjective accounts of how effective the deterrents were on a basis from 1-10. The article does not state how efficacy was evaluated. We assume it was based on the difference in the number of birds before and after the intervention.


ControlDescription:
Observations with collision system off. Whether or not the ACAS was on or off during a night of observation was randomly assigned.


ControlDescription:
The lighting systems between the tall and the medium towers were different and the data from the two were compared to each other. The effect of tower height could not be separated from the effect of tower lighting.


ControlDescription:
Bird counts were taken before and after the hazing treatments were applied.


ControlDescription:
For the first day of flight-tests, the light was inactivated during the first trial of each eagle as well as in one of the remaining trials.


ControlDescription:
Second day: the light was inactivated during the first trial of each eagle. Not specified if this was the case for the third day.


ControlDescription:
The experimental design is not clear, but the control could be the mortality assessment without deterrents. They plotted the range of characteristics on a map and followed routes to ensure that a full range of variation of all factors would be present.


ControlDescription:
Compared bird counts on survey nights 1 and 3 (when all lights were on EXCEPT maintenance lights) to survey night 2 (when all lights were on INCLUDING maintenance lights)


ControlDescription:
alternating 10-week periods when the flood lights were turned off.


ControlDescription:
Compare light exposure of males breeding close to streetlights to males breeding far from streetlights. Also compared light intensity at a male's nest box to the  average light intensity recorded by light loggers on the male's back.

HabitatSelectionStudyDesign:
**Used vs. Available - light logger readings compared to average light level in site


ControlDescription:
Two 2 levels of control: one treatment without the ball and one treatment with the ball but with the lights turned off.


ControlDescription:
The authors give estimates for the approximate number of starlings present before and after deterrent treatments.


ControlDescription:
None. They did not observe bird flight tracks at sites away from tower or when tower lights were off.


ControlDescription:
It was assessed through bird counts that they were going through reasonably intensive to very intensive migrations on cloudy nights during the study. They found similar events from previous studies and compared their results to that control.


ControlDescription:
They compared the number of grounded birds from light polluted colonies (radiance values higher than 10 nW/sr cm^2 within a 4-km radius) to colonies were light pollution didn't meet this threshold (Control/Impact). They compared distances from colonies to


ControlDescription:
There were periods when platform lights were turned off.


ControlDescription:
The compared the number of geese and the movements of geese of control sites to treatment sites


ControlDescription:
None - orientation was not tested in the absence of horizon glow


ControlDescription:
Light treatments rotated among compartments daily.


ControlDescription:
None (no bird counts or flight path observations were possible when lights were not turned on)


ControlDescription:
They compared the number of calls in the light sites to the dark sites. There was some variation in light pollution among the light sites, but the sites were categorized as "light" v "dark" in the analysis


ControlDescription:
None. Qualitative observation that there were notably more bird calls in the vicinity of the tower than in other nearby sites on the night of May 29.


ControlDescription:
Observations during periods when lights on tower were turned off. Also made one count of bird vocalizations at a site 1 mile from the tower and at a site 2 miles from the tower.


ControlDescription:
Control/Impact - Bird abundance and behaviour 5 km from the installation. Before/After - same measurements when the lights were turned off for 20 minutes periods. "During our 7-y study period, the tribute lights were shut down a total of 22 times, for ≈20


ControlDescription:
Boxes without mirrors and with inoperable lights with clear lenses, placed in the same position as flashing lights in treated boxes. 25 boxes were randomly assigned to each of the four treatments.


ControlDescription:
None - only observed birds when flare was active


ControlDescription:
Low intensity green light (2.1 mW/m^2) served as the control condition


ControlDescription:
Control tests were done under white light.


ControlDescription:
Bird mortality was compared before and after the lighthouse light was changed


ControlDescription:
The lights would be turned on with their given pattern and colour for 15 minutes followed by a 15 minute period of darkness, followed by 15 more minutes of light with another treatment and the cycle would continue through out the night. Therefore, between


ControlDescription:
The 15 ARU sites covered varying light intensities. We list the study design as Control/Impact instead of Gradient because the authors do not compare artificial light levels to bird presence/absence across all levels, but simply note that all sites with b


ControlDescription:
None - observation was not tested in the absence of horizon glow


ControlDescription:
One side of each enclosure was illuminated with UV+ for 21 days, then the other side was illuminated for 21 days. This alteration was repeated for a total of 84 days (each side illuminated with UV light for two 21 day periods).


ControlDescription:
None- The author did report that lights were turned off on Sept 26th but he did not record any observations or counted any carcasses.


ControlDescription:
None - observations are only described for the period after the floodlights were installed, not before


ControlDescription:
Control towers had standard FAA lighting (continuous and flashing red lights)


ControlDescription:
No light condition was specified as the control, but the birds were tested under various light conditions.


ControlDescription:
None - there was no data collected when the gas flares weren't lit


ControlDescription:
They compared the end of foraging activities at the 2 city center sites (which had 5.6 street lights/ha) to the 2 forest sites (which had 0.2 street lights/ha). The sites were chosen to be similar in terms of habitat characteristics and human activity.


ControlDescription:
Transportation of pigeons under white light and in total darkness


ControlDescription:
Birds orienting under the lower quanta flux (8x10^15 quanta m-2s-1) could be considered the control group.


ControlDescription:
Tests under "white" light served as control.


ControlDescription:
The 8 rooms represented combinations of heat (uniform v. spot) and light (uniform v. spot) treatments. The rooms in which both heat and light were uniform served as controls.


ControlDescription:
The light treatment in compartments was changed every 24 hours. Allocation of light intensities was random during the conditioning phase but according to a Latin square arrangement during the testing phase to avoid compartment preferences.


ControlDescription:
Silvereyes tested under white light served as a control group


ControlDescription:
The describe the number of grounded birds found in areas with radiance values greater than 18 mw/sr*cm^2 (Impact) versus darker areas (control). The spatial gradient part of the study was the correlation between flight distance to ground site and light po


ControlDescription:
The author notes that the Spotted Flycatcher was not observed foraging in the area during the day


ControlDescription:
There was a control site at the Courish Spit where there is "almost no anthropogenic light."


ControlDescription:
There are no intentional control periods for the light treatment because the lights were never purposely turned off. An opportunistic control was create in 2006 autumn when the lights were turned off for 8 nights due to a power failure. During these night


ControlDescription:
None - the authors did not observe the birds without light


ControlDescription:
The "light" treatment was the control condition


ControlDescription:
Each bird was tested in both the control condition (normal photoperiod) and the treatment (altered photoperiod)


ControlDescription:
Bird orientation in the local geomagnetic field was compared to bird orientation in a geomagnetic field with the vertical component inverted. The birds were only tested in green light, but the results were compared to previous similar experiments publishe


ControlDescription:
14 birds were treated as control group and they were not exposed to artificial light.


ControlDescription:
The lighting treatments were rotated so as to see if the birds had a preference for a specific chamber.


ControlDescription:
One perch illuminated during each trails, and they randomized which perch was illuminated across trials.


ControlDescription:
One side of the cage was illuminated during each trail, randomized across trials


ControlDescription:
The control group were the birds exposed to 15W white light, green, or turquoise light.


ControlDescription:
The light filters were randomly assigned to each arm during each trial. Each bird had a morning and an afternoon trial in a balanced randomized order.


ControlDescription:
Positions and distributions under normal light; unclear from paper what the "normal" light conditions were, assumed to be daylight


ControlDescription:
The positions of the coloured lights were not changed from night to night.


ControlDescription:
Authors compared locations where grounding were concentrated to locations with most light pollution


ControlDescription:
Orientation under full spectrum (white) light


ControlDescription:
They made observations at two sites - one with artificial light (Essaouira) and one without (Sardinia). Within the Essaouira site, one beach was illuminated while the other was not.


ControlDescription:
The treatments were randomly assigned between the two chambers in a balanced design.


ControlDescription:
Filters and feeders were rotated among the compartments using a Latin Square design.


ControlDescription:
Pigeons that were not subject to light or olfactory treatment.


ControlDescription:
When a group preference had been recorded for the same chamber in two consecutive scans, the turkeys were prodded back into the central chamber and the position of the UV source was swapped


ControlDescription:
Green light at Level M intensity (2.1 mW/m^2)


ControlDescription:
The birds that did not undergo the 4-hour slow clockshift.


ControlDescription:
Control groups were tested in a normal magnetic field with no polarized light intervention


ControlDescription:
Unlit control station, 2.4 km to the southwest of the treatment station. The control station had a nonoperational, imitation lighting array in the same position with respect to lures.


ControlDescription:
They counted the number of birds counted in the various monitoring programs before and after the roost dispersal began


ControlDescription:
All turbines had lighting, but three different lighting regimes were used: non-pulsating red beacons; pulsating red beacons; a combination of pulsating white beacons and non-pulsating red beacons. Bird mortality was too low to determine the effects of lig


ControlDescription:
The control was 565nm monochromatic green light and with the local geomagnetic field.


ControlDescription:
The flight observations were conducted at 4 different sites(2 tower sites, 1 non-tower site, and 1 off-windfarm site). The tower sites had different coloured lighting(red or white) but no data were collected for the impact of lighting types on flight beha


ControlDescription:
Tests under 424 nm blue and 565 nm green at 7 x 10^15 quanta m-2 s-1 were the control group.


ControlDescription:
For control, they used green light with a peak wavelength of 565nm (half bandwidth 553–583nm) and an intensity of 2 mW m–2.


ControlDescription:
Light index (the number of building floors lit) varied from less than 5 to about 35.


ControlDescription:
Compared number of mortalities at towers with red v. white lights.


ControlDescription:
The treatment was randomized in each chamber to make sure that the birds did not have a preference for either side of the apparatus.


ControlDescription:
The control group were the birds orienting under monochromatic green light.


ControlDescription:
Either side of the box could be illuminated. The author does not state how they decided which side of the box was illuminated for each trial.


ControlDescription:
A Latin square design was used so that the design was balanced for which side had which light intensity. The sum of the illumination of both sides was kept constant at 38 μE/m2s.


ControlDescription:
Tests under 565 nm monochromatic green at 7×1015 quanta s−1 m−2 were the control condition.


ControlDescription:
A Latin square design was used to balance the order of testing at the three intensities and for which side of the testing chamber was illuminated.


ControlDescription:
Orientation under white (full spectrum) light served as control. For the pulse magnetisation, the tests before the pulse was applied served as the control.


ControlDescription:
A Latin square design was used so that the design was balanced for which side had which light intensity.


ControlDescription:
If all 3 turkeys were found to be in the same 10 lx chamber for 2 consecutive observations, then they were moved back to the 1 lx middle chamber and the treatments were swapped.


ControlDescription:
Birds that were kept in the natural photoperiod served as the control group


ControlDescription:
None. All roost boxes were dark on the first night and lit on the second night. They did not test roosting preferences on the second night without an artificial light treatment.


ControlDescription:
If all 3 turkeys were found to be in the same 10 lx chamber for 2 consecutive observations, then they were moved back to the 1 lx middle chamber. The incandescent and fluorescent light got swapped.


ControlDescription:
The authors did not test bird preferences in the absence of light treatments. They don't mention randomizing the light treatment or rotating them.


ControlDescription:
565 nm monochromatic green light under the local geomagnetic field was used as a control condition


ControlDescription:
None. The authors note that calling activity increased 8-hours after sunset, which "may have corresponded to a change in lighting on the rig (e.g., turning on lights to illuminate the rig) during that period."


ControlDescription:
The light gradient in the preference test was reversed to control for any possible position effects.


ControlDescription:
During the second day of testing, the presentation order of lighting in the chambers was switched to control for any preferences for the chamber itself not due to lighting.


ControlDescription:
None. The authors do not state that they rotated or randomly assigned the positions of each treatment


ControlDescription:
Compare migration intensity inside of windfarm (illuminated) and outside (dark)


ControlDescription:
They compared the number of birds detected in the rotor-swept zone to those detected on the more strongly illuminated deck. They discussed compared the overall migration intensity to the number of birds detected in the rotor-swept zone, though they do not


ControlDescription:
"The tests under a quantal flux of 8·1015 quanta s-1m-2, a light level where birds had always shown good orientation in migratory direction, served as controls."


ControlDescription:
Chicken's orientation under full spectrum white light and magnetic field shifted 90 degrees.


ControlDescription:
The authors compared flight altitudes in urban to non-urban areas, classifying urban v. non-urban based on ALAN levels


ControlDescription:
Control tests were done under white light produced by an incandescent light bulb


ControlDescription:
On the second day, the lighting regimes were swapped so as to account for chamber preference. On the first day, one of the chambers was incandescent and on the second day, the chamber was fluorescent.


ControlDescription:
The bulbs were rotated through the four positions daily to prevent bias resulting from extraneous environmental variables. The area size that each light illuminated was also varied to prevent bias. The observations were also evenly distributed between 8:3


ControlDescription:
None. The positions of the lights were not changed throughout the experiment


ControlDescription:
The authors do not state whether or not they randomized or rotated which corners of the pen received which light treatment


ControlDescription:
The lighting regimes of the chambers was switched on the second day. For one of the chambers, the first day had low-frequency lighting and had high-frequency lighting on the second day.


ControlDescription:
None, observations were not made at non-platform sites or sites without artificial light.


ControlDescription:
The birds tested under monochromatic green light (565 nm) and the local geomagnetic field were the control group.


ControlDescription:
The light conditions were swapped daily so as to avoid a preference for one chamber over the other. Chickens were randomly selected to be included in the preference test, and groups of birds were randomly assigned to the two pairs of light preference test


ControlDescription:
The author does not state that the treatment positions were randomized or rotated, nor does he state that the birds were tested in the absence of stimuli


ControlDescription:
The control group were the birds directly exposed green light after being taken from the bird holding pen (white light).


ControlDescription:
Between each 20 minute period of light treatment there were 10 minute periods of no light.


ControlDescription:
A control group was exposed to the stationary aircraft with the lights off.


ControlDescription:
There was a control treatment where the lights were turned off. Birds were also randomly assigned to pairs for the treatments.


ControlDescription:
Buildings were categorized into three levels of artificial light, but no comparison of collisions rates was made between the buildings with different levels of artificial light. They did note that artificial light levels at the 10 buildings with the most


ControlDescription:
Four of the six buildings emitted artificial light at night, and the authors may have intended to compare collision rates at buildings with and without artificial light. However, only 4 collisions occurred during the study period, so they could not make t


ControlDescription:
Compared the number of vultures on the roost before treatment to after treatment


ControlDescription:
A randomized complete block design was used and the light intensities were randomly assigned to prevent any room preference bias.


ControlDescription:
None. Some birds were tested in rooms where all compartments received the same intensity treatments, but preferences were only analyzed in rooms where the compartments had different intensities. The authors do not state that they randomized or rotated the


ControlDescription:
None. Some birds were tested in rooms where both compartments received the same treatment (warm-warm or cool-cool), but preferences were only analyzed in the warm-cool replicates


ControlDescription:
Green light (565nm) with pre-exposure to white light was used as a control, a light condition where robins have shown correct migratory orientation


ControlDescription:
The compared the number of crows at the roosts before and during the laser treatments. They also recorded whether the bird's flew off when the laser was applied


ControlDescription:
Mortalities were compared among towers with different lighting systems


ControlDescription:
The control group were the  birds  orienting under green lighting and the local geomagnetic field.


ControlDescription:
Control/Impact - the number of bird mortalities at Nashville (no light) was compared to Smyrna (light), Before/After - the author described how birds would disperse from the beams when the light was turned off or the visible-light filter was applied.


ControlDescription:
Monochromatic green light at 565 nm (half bandwidth 553 - 583 nm), or monochromatic turquoise light at 502 nm (half bandwidth 486-518 nm) with standard quantal flux of 8x10^15 quanta/s m^2


ControlDescription:
Orientation under green light (565nm) was used as a control.


ControlDescription:
They tracked each flying bird for at least 15 seconds before turning on the light, in order to record their reaction.


ControlDescription:
One site only had sound deterrents (Platform A). The other site (Platform a) had sound deterrents for the first part of the study, then strobe lights were installed. These sites are not directly comparable because a pair had already begun nesting at the P


ControlDescription:
The compared bird reactions to green v. violate lasers. They did not record bird behaviour in the absence of the laser treatment


ControlDescription:
The high intensity and normal intensity treatments were applied on alternating nights


ControlDescription:
Treatments for each tunnel were alternated on a daily basis to prevent any bias. They also used control nights in which no artificial light was applied to either tunnel.


ControlDescription:
The experiment had control nights in which neither tunnel was illuminated with light. The positions of the blue and red lights were rotated.


ControlDescription:
The experiment used control nights in which no lights were turned on and each of the four paths were subject to natural lighting conditions. A random half of the beach was chosen to be illuminated each treatment night.


ControlDescription:
Compared head movements in light v. dark conditions


ControlDescription:
On the second night of the five-night experiment, the lighting regimes were switched between compartments so as to account for compartment preference.


ControlDescription:
Each perch triggered strobe feedback separately for three to four days. This was changed through the study to prevent place preference unrelated to strobe lighting.


ControlDescription:
During the daytime trials, they compared the number of birds near the vessel before the laser was deployed to after it was deployed. During both daytime and night-time, the compared the behaviours of birds when lasers were and were not deployed.


ControlDescription:
2 control groups; the first included a bird in the cage with the flash disconnected so that the closing of the startle stimulus switch resulted in no visible stimulus in the cage; the second included a bird in the cage with the flash connected by blocked


ControlDescription:
Each plot had one treated half and one untreated half, called subplots. They recorded goose occupancy level during each phase of the study in each subplot - pretreatment, treatment, and posttreatment.


ControlDescription:
They counted the number of birds on the ponds before and after laser treatments. They also recorded the behavioural responses (alert and flee responses) of birds in response to the laser. They did not record behavioural responses in the absence of the las


ControlDescription:
The counted the number of birds before and after the laser treatment. Their untreated part of the marsh didn't serve as an independent control site, due to its proximity to the treated area, so they ended up using it as an example of how bird numbers in a


ControlDescription:
Orientation under monochromatic green light was used as a control. They did not carry out the experimental treatments because the birds were not able to orient in the control conditions


ControlDescription:
In 2005 and 2006, there were no reductions in the village lights. In 2007 unnecessary lights were turned off and indoor lights were shielded.  In 2008, the same thing as 2007 was repeated, but with an experimental period of 20 nights of no light reduction


ControlDescription:
None. The authors compared locations of downed birds to locations of artificial light sources and noted where there were high concentrations of downed birds, but survey effort was not equal across the island, so dark areas do not provide adequate controls


ControlDescription:
Nights that were clear enough for the horizon glow from a nearby town to be visible


ControlDescription:
In both sites, lights were off in 1998 and on in 1999 (control period). One site was located away from the road to control for traffic noise.


ControlDescription:
Sites where characterised based on whether the light house beam was visible or not. Sites were characterised as having nest (used) or not having nests (unused)


ControlDescription:
The control was the same approaching vehicle but without any lights.


ControlDescription:
Bird strikes on airplanes before installation of pulse-control systems.


ControlDescription:
Aircraft with lights off (for aircraft control) and predator model (for control of predatory behavior)


ControlDescription:
Behavioural Assay - they measured the "hazing duration" (the time it took for birds to respond to hazing and leave the area), Before/After/Control/Impact - They monitored the number of active nests and compared the change in nest count from before hazing


ControlDescription:
Behavioural Assay - no control - they recorded birds as "hazed" or "no response", Before/After - they compared the number of nests in 2009 to the number of nests in previous years when hazing had not occurred


ControlDescription:
There were some periods when the laser was not operational


ControlDescription:
It is not clear if observations were made during periods when the laser was not running. It is not clear if the observations were systematic or incidental.


ControlDescription:
The authors do not report what (if any) behavioural observations were made, birds were counted, or if there were any control periods.


ControlDescription:
The authors compared bird the number of bird strikes in 2003 (before deterrent was installed) to 2004 (while deterrent was operational)


ControlDescription:
Randomly selected control perch without laser treatment. Birds were randomly assigned to groups. Also, previous observations of birds' reactions to laser under day-light conditions.


ControlDescription:
Control perch (without laser treatment) randomly selected. Also, previous observations of birds' reactions to laser under day-light conditions.


ControlDescription:
Randomly selected control perch without laser treatment. Birds were randomly assigned to groups.


ControlDescription:
Randomly selected control perch without laser treatment.


ControlDescription:
Randomly selected control side of the cage without laser treatment


ControlDescription:
Control group exposed to approaching vehicle with lights off. Birds were randomly assigned to all groups.


ControlDescription:
Lamp density (a continuous variable) compared at used to random points


ControlDescription:
Compared artificial light levels at used to available locations


ControlDescription:
Control sites were far from any anthropogenic light sources. Light levels observed in the non-illuminated areas were confirmed "virtually nil" as measured by a light meter.


ControlDescription:
Compared bird density across a gradient of artificial light levels


ControlDescription:
Compared various indices of diversity across a gradient of lamp density


ControlDescription:
Control Site: Transects with poles but no lights


ControlDescription:
Transects with lamp posts but not lights


ControlDescription:
The study included a continuum of lamp post densities


ControlDescription:
Volunteers counted sources of artificial light (e.g. streetlights and stadium lights) within 100m of the observation point. They also rated artificial ambient light levels from 0-3. Both variables were treated as continuous in the analysis.


ControlDescription:
They measured and averaged individual light exposure at three sites - rural forest, urban park, and urban business center. They compared the light exposure of birds in the urban sites to the average light level in those sites.


ControlDescription:
Compared light pollution levels at occupied v. unoccupied sites


ControlDescription:
Compared probability of occurrence and relative abundance across a gradient of light pollution within a known home range throughout the annual cycle.


ControlDescription:
It is not specified in the article how they analyzed the relationship between Tawny Owl occurrence and light pollution, but it can be assumed that light pollution measured varied across the study area.


ControlDescription:
Occurrence was measured at 61 sites with varying light levels


ControlDescription:
They measured the proportion of passing flocks that entered the turbine area before and after the turbines and lights were installed. There was no control site where there were turbines and no lights or lights and no turbines, so the effect of the lights


ControlDescription:
They compared fatal and non-fatal bird collision to the amount of ALA and PLP reflected from building surfaces.


ControlDescription:
None - only observed when the flare was lit.


ControlDescription:
None - no period when lights were turned off


ControlDescription:
Lighting regimes were rotated in order to account for possible chamber preference.


ControlDescription:
Before/After - Total numbers of nests were compared before the lights were installed (2012-2016), during the first year of illumination (2017) and during the second year of illumination (2018). Control/Impact - The number of nests was compared in sections


ControlDescription:
The lights were on during both observations years - 2017 (when the lights were installed) and 2018. No observations were made before the lights were installed.


ControlDescription:
None. They switched the lights from white to orange every-other night, but they do not report on any differences in bird observations during the two treatments


ControlDescription:
They measured the lighted area and proportion lighted (continuous variables) for each building


ControlDescription:
Each airport site had a control site within 8 to 17 km with similar vegetation structure. No test to determine if light levels were significantly different between treatment and control sites. No control for other anthropogenic disturbances.


ControlDescription:
The authors do not state if they randomly assigned or rotated the light treatments


ControlDescription:
Measured bird stopover density across a gradient of artificial light levels. Compared spatial distribution between spring and fall migration seasons.


ControlDescription:
Sites were randomly assigned a combination of noise and light treatments

HabitatSelectionStudyDesign:
**A control/impact design with distance to light source as the response variable in a regression analysis


ControlDescription:
None. The platform was always illuminated


ControlDescription:
They compared the number of dead birds found to the building's average light index.


ControlDescription:
They compared spectrograms of nocturnal irradiance to mortality intensity.


ControlDescription:
Light colors were rotated. Both sites received the same treatments.


ControlDescription:
Compared the passage rate and abundance of birds flying in a ceilometer beam to the same measurements taken by radar when no artificial light was present.


ControlDescription:
Compared site where pigeons were observed foraging to random sites


ControlDescription:
Compared species density across an artificial light gradient


ControlDescription:
The response variable was the median VIIRS nighttime light value for each species' occurrence. The analysis included species with a variety of diet types, nesting preferences, physical traits, etc.

HabitatSelectionStudyDesign:
**Analysis of how species traits influence their distributions relative to artificial light


ControlDescription:
Studied if trait-based specialization indices could predict species relative urbanness score, which was calculated based on the artificial light levels in the places where each species occurred


ControlDescription:
Split-field design for corn, where half the crops are protected and half are not protected by laser scarecrows. For blueberries, half the fields are protected and half are not, and one out of three bushes per field is also protected by a net.


ControlDescription:
Behavioural Assay - no control - they measured the time it took for geese to leave the area after hazing commenced and did not take any measurement of goose movement without treatments, Control/Impact - counts of droppings on fields not treated with laser


ControlDescription:
The three light treatments were applied in a random order each night, with 15 minutes in between treatments. The number of fledglings grounded is not reported for the dark periods.


ControlDescription:
None. She analysed the effect on trophic guild and age class on species' collision vulnerability.


ControlDescription:
None. They do not report on the number of migrants or flight behaviour on the unilluminated beach


ControlDescription:
The 28 control sites consisted of 2 randomly selected sites within 1 km of each of the 14 roost sites. Control sites are defined as areas suitable for roosting but not used. Control sites contained suitable species of trees at least 4m in height.  A total


ControlDescription:
They compared starling responses to lasers of various diameters and power outputs


ControlDescription:
Recorded the patterns of bird movement within the room when no laser treatment was applied. Described movement as "random"


ControlDescription:
Compared avoidance responses when exposed to various types of lasers. They do not report any control trials during which lasers were not applied


ControlDescription:
Compared proportion of immature birds in nocturnal kills v. at banding station. Also compare the proportion of immature birds at a banding station near a light source v. two banding stations not near a light source


ControlDescription:
They compared mortality at lighthouses with varying characteristics (light height, rotating/not rotating, white/red).


ControlDescription:
The author attempted to compare bird casualties among lighthouses with different light intensities and the presence/absence of floodlights. He also compared casualties at St. Catherine's lighthouse before and after floodlights were installed.


ControlDescription:
The authors did not make comparison among lighthouses or compare lighthouse characteristics to mortality estimates.


ControlDescription:
In 2014, they changed the light from a rotating white light to a red light


ControlDescription:
Control/Impact: The author compares characteristics of lighthouses with fatalities to characteristics of lighthouses without fatalities. Before/After: At Country Harbour, the lighthouse keeper reports that a very powerful light was installed 13 years prio


ControlDescription:
The author notes some general patterns (e.g. more birds tend to die at lighthouses on peninsulas or islands than more land-locked ones) but does not explicitly compare the mortality estimates to any characteristics of the lights. In the details of the lig


ControlDescription:
No comparison of bird behaviour or mortality among lighthouses. Some lightkeepers note changes in mortality over time, but do not relate them to changes in light characteristics.


ControlDescription:
The article includes many lighthouses of different light characteristics, but does not compare light characteristics to bird behaviour or mortality. The lighthouses are not listed in the species reports, so it is impossible to connect mortalities with par


ControlDescription:
The lighthouse keeper turned on the house lights to illuminate the yard. After the house lights were illuminated, the birds "came down from the gallery to land on the window ledges." This observation may be considered Before/After comparison.


ControlDescription:
Compared colony sites to non-colony sites. Compared metrics of use (cavity density, breeding pair density, and cavity occupancy) among colony sites.


ControlDescription:
Compared bird abundance across three light treatments, including a dark control night


ControlDescription:
They did not include a control. They did describe how most birds were found close to the bright tennis court lights


ControlDescription:
Filters were installed or removed on alternating nights


ControlDescription:
Light sources were moved between compartments daily according to a random schedule to account for any position preferences. Mazes were also cleaned daily to account for interfering preferences for familiar odours.


ControlDescription:
Each substation was assigned to a treatment or control group


ControlDescription:
They measured cormorant abundance and smolt movement success on days with and without harassment


